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Microbiota-host interplay at the gut epithelial level,health and nutrition

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 327-334页

作者： Jean-Paul Lallès Division of Human nutrition Division INRA Clermont-Ferrand France Human nutrition Research Center-West Nantes France

Growing evidence suggests the implication of the gut microbiota in various facets of health and disease. In this review, the focus is put on microbiota-host molecular cross-talk at the gut epithelial level with special emphasis on two defense systems： intestinal alkaline phosphatase（IAP） and inducible heat shock proteins（iHSPs）. Both IAP and iHSPs are induced by various microbial structural components（e.g. lipopolysaccharide, flagellin, CpG DNA motifs）,metabolites（e.g. n-butyrate） or secreted signal molecules（e.g., toxins, various peptides, polyphosphate）. IAP is produced in the small intestine and secreted into the lumen and in the interior milieu. It detoxifies microbial components by dephosphorylation and, therefore, down-regulates microbe-induced inflammation mainly by inhibiting NF-κB pro-inflammatory pathway in enterocytes. IAP gene expression and enzyme activity are influenced by the gut microbiota. Conversely, IAP controls gut microbiota composition both directly, and indirectly though the detoxification of pro-inflammatory free luminal adenosine triphosphate and inflammation inhibition. Inducible HSPs are expressed by gut epithelial cells in proportion to the microbial load along the gastro-intestinal tract. They are also induced by various microbial components, metabolites and secreted molecules. Whether iHSPs contribute to shape the gut microbiota is presently unknown. Both systems display strong anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties that are protective to the gut and the host. Importantly, epithelial gene expressions and protein concentrations of IAP and iHSPs can be stimulated by probiotics, prebiotics and a large variety of dietary components, including macronutrients（protein and amino acids, especially L-glutamine, fat, fiber）, and specific minerals（e.g. calcium）and vitamins（e.g. vitamins K1 and K2）. Some food components（e.g. lectins, soybean proteins, various polyphenols） may inhibit or disturb these systems. The general cel ular and molecula

关键词： Diet Gut Inducible heat shock protein Inflammation Intestinal alkaline phosphatase Microbiota

Effects of glutamine-containing total parenteral nutrition on phagocytic activity and anabolic hormone response in rats undergoing gastrectomy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第6期11卷 817-822页

作者： Chen-Hsien Lee Wan-Chun Chiu Soul-Chin Chen Chih-Hsiung Wu Sung-Ling Yeh Institute of nutrition and Health Sciences Department of Surgery

AIM: To investigate the effect of glutamine (Gln)-containing parenteral nutrition on phagocytic activity and to elucidate the possible roles of Gln in the secretion of anabolic hormones and nitrogen balance in rats undergoing a gastrectomy. METHODS: Rats with an internal jugular catheter were divided into 2 experimental groups and received total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The TPN solutions were isonitrogenous and identical in nutrient compositions except for differences in amino acid content. One group received conventional TPN (control), and in the other group, 25% of the total amino acid nitrogen was replaced with Gin. After receiving TPN for 3 d, one-third of the rats in each experimental group were sacrificed as the baseline group. The remaining rats underwent a partial gastrectomy and were killed 1 and 3 d, respectively, after surgery. Plasma, peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF), and urine samples were collected for further analysis. RESULTS: The Gln group had fewer nitrogen losses 1 and 2 d after surgery (d1, 16.6±242.5 vs-233.4±205.9 mg/d, d2, 31.8±238.8 vs-253.4±184.6 mg/d, P<0.05). There were no differences in plasma growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels between the 2 groups before or after surgery. The phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages was higher in the Gln group than in the control group 1 d after surgery (A 1185±931 vs323±201, P<0.05). There were no differences in the phagocytic activities of blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils between the 2 groups at the baseline or on the postoperative days. No significant differences in interleukin-1β or interleukin-6 concentrations in PLF were observed between the 2 groups. However, tumor necrosis factor-α level in PLF was significantly lower in the Gln group than in the control group on postoperative d 3. CONCLUSION: TPN supplemented with Gln can improve the nitrogen balance, and enhance macrophage phagocytic activity at the site of injury. However, Gin supplementation has no effect on p

关键词： Parenteral nutrition Glutamine Phagocytosis Gastrectomy

Abbreviated Report of the WHO Western Pacific Region Workshop on National Plans of Action for nutrition: Key Elements for Success, Constraints and Future Plans

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2001年第1期14卷 87-91页

作者： E-SIONG TEE Head Division of Human Nutrition

A workshop on National Plans of Action for nutrition: Constraints, Key Elements for Success, and Future Plans was convened and organized by the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific in collaboration with the Institute for Medical Research Malaysia and co sponsored with FAO and UNICEF from 25—29 October 1999. It was attended by representatives of 25 countries in the region and resource persons, representatives from WHO and other international agencies. The objectives of the workshop were to review the progress of countries in developing, implementing and monitoring national plans of action for nutrition (NPANs) in the Western Pacific Region and to identify constraints and key elements of success in these efforts. Most of the countries have NPANs, either approved and implemented or awaiting official endorsement. The Plan formulation is usually multisectoral, involving several government ministries, non governmental organizations, and international agencies. Often official adoption or endorsement of the Plan comes from the head of state and cabinet or the minister of health, one to six years from the start of its formulation. The NPAN has stimulated support for the development and implementation of nutrition projects and activities, with comparatively greater involvement of and more support from government ministries, UN agencies and non-governmental agencies compared to local communities, bilateral and private sectors and research and academic institutions. Monitoring and evaluation are important components of NPANs. They are, however, not given high priority and often not built into the plan. The role of an intersectoral coordinating body is considered crucial to a country's nutrition program. Most countries have an intersectoral structure or coordinating body to ensure the proper implementation, monitoring and evaluation of their NPANs. The workshop identified the constraints and key elements of success in each of the four stages of the NPAN process: d

关键词： Workshop on National Plans of Action for nutrition Constraints and Future Plans Key Elements for Success Abbreviated Report of the WHO Western Pacific Region

Southeast Asian Perspectives on nutrition Needs for the New Millennium

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2001年第1期14卷 75-81页

作者： E-SIONG TEE Head Division of Human Nutrition Institute for Medical Research

Over the last three decades, there has been significant changes in the lifestyles of communities, including food habits, and food purchasing and consumption patterns in the Southeast Asian region. As a result, there is a definite change in the food and nutrition issues in the region. nutritional deficiencies in many of these countries are slowly being decreased in magnitude. On the other hand, the significant proportions of the population are now faced with the other facet of the malnutrition problem, namely diet related chronic diseases. However, because of the different stages of socio economic development, the extent of each of these extremes of the malnutrition problems varies considerably between the different countries in Southeast Asia. nutrition needs in the new millennium would necessarily differ somewhat among these countries while at the same time, there would be a considerable amount of similarities. This presentation highlights several macro issues that countries in the region may focus on in the near future. Various intervention programmes have been undertaken by authorities to tackle the co existence of twin faces of malnutrition in many developing countries. It would be desirable to have a blue print of such programmes and activities in the National Plans of Action for nutrition (NPANs). The NPAN should be more than a framework or a descriptive document. It should be a tool for action, an operational plan that sets out priorities; identifies projects and activities, with details of implementation such as what, how and when; designates responsibilities and accountability for the activities; identifies resource requirements and their source; and sets out the plan for monitoring and evaluation. One of the main obstacles in the formulation and effective implementation of intervention programmes in developing countries is the lack of comprehensive data on the extent of the problems in many cases and the causes of such problems specificy to the

关键词： developing countries nutritional status consumption patterns operational plan Southeast Asia Life Sciences food habits

Cat “Cream” and 10-Year birthday of HepatoBiliary Surgery and nutrition (HBSN)

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and nutrition 2022年第6期11卷 793-794页

作者： Editorial Office Hepatobiliary Surgery and nutrition

To celebrate the 10-Year Anniversary of our journal,Hepatobiliary Surgery and nutrition(HBSN),we have chosen a new special cover picture,that of a special cat by the name of“Cream”.How does this cat relate to HBSN journal?In the year of 2012,the young daughter of the HBSN Editor-in-Chief adopted an unfortunate new-born cat who is congenitally deaf upon *** at the same time,Prof.

关键词： journal Surgery daughter

Perspectives on nutrition Needs for the New Millennium for South Asian Regions

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2001年第1期14卷 66-74页

作者： KAMALA KRISHNASWAMY Director National Institute of Nutrition Indian Council of Medical Research

South Asia is the most populated region of the world with several nutritional challenges. Though per capita food energy supply, child survival and life expectancy have improved, and even today large segments of the population are below the poverty line with high infant and maternal mortality rates. It is important to recognize the crucial role of nutrition throughout the life cycle from conception to old age. It is very necessary now to move from food security to nutrition security and improve the quality of foods both in macro and micronutrients in order to break the transgenerational effects of malnutrition. The key solutions to the problems should address the issue of social development, population stabilization, environmental degradation and inadequate health and nutritional services. Strategies for empowering women and actuating community participation as sustainable programmes for human development, measures to reduce underweight and stunting in children and prevention of micronutrient malnutrition across the population are required. Enhancing food and nutrition security through innovative diversified agriculture and dietary practices, prevention and control of infection, promotion of food safety and fortification of staples with appropriate attention on emerging chronic disorders are essential. Population control measures to stabilize the fertility rates, biotechnological approaches for genetically modified foods, nutrition surveillance based on assessment, analysis and action to address the logistic, technical and compliance issues with emphasis on promotion of breast feeding and complementary foods with adequate attention on the reproductive needs of adolescent girls, pregnant mothers and lactating women would eliminate low birth weight, stunting, and chronic energy deficiency in vulnerable groups. Focused studies on bioavailability of micronutrients and its enhancement, innovative horticulture interventions, fortifications, social marketing strat

关键词： for South Asian Regions Perspectives on nutrition Needs for the New Millennium

nutrition Programs through Public Health Centers in Korea

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1996年第2期9卷 276-289页

作者： HYUN-KYUNG MOON (Department of Food and nutrition Science, Dankook University,Hannamdong 8 Yongsankoo, Seoul, 140-714 Korea) Department of Food and nutrition Science Dankook University Seoul Korea.

In the peroid of confusion after the Korean War, there was an absolute shortage in the volume of food. The intake of energy and all other nutrients fell short of the recommended dietary intake. To solve the food shortage, there were many food assistant programs through the government channel. With the economic developments during past years, now, there are enough foods for everyone. Thus, food assistant program, which has been the only nutrition program in the government, is no longer needed except for low-income ***, there are not enough nutrition programs in the government. In 1994, about 30 public health center start nutrition programs with the help of Korean Dietetic *** this study, kinds of nutrition programs, age, sex and number of participants, the content of programs are studied. The effects of nutrition programs are partially ***, problems with current nutrition programs are discussed. Finally, future directions of nutrition programs in the public health centers are discussed

关键词： PHC nutrition Programs through Public Health Centers in Korea

Mammary cell proliferation and catabolism of adipose tissues in nutrition-restricted lactating sows were associated with extracellular high glutamate levels

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第1期10卷 172-182页

作者： Heju Zhong Peng Wang Yumo Song Xiaoling Zhang Lianqiang Che Bin Feng Yan Lin Shengyu Xu Jian Li De Wu Qiaofeng Wu Zhengfeng Fang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance nutrition of the Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition InstituteSichuan Agricultural University Acupuncture and Moxibustion College Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Background: Persistent lactation,as the result of mammary cellular anabolism and secreting function,is dependent on substantial mobilization or catabolism of body reserves under nutritional ***,little is known about the biochemical mechanisms for nutrition-restricted lactating animals to simultaneously maintain the anabolism of mammary cells while catabolism of body *** present study,lactating sows with restricted feed allowance(RFA)(n = 6),24% feed restriction compared with the control(CON) group(n = 6),were used as the nutrition-restricted *** and mammary venous cannulas methods were used to monitor postprandial dynamic changes of metabolites in adipose and mammary ***: At lactation d 28,the RFA group showed higher(P nutritional restriction,reduced insulin-mediated glucose uptake and metabolism and increased lipolysis in adipose tissues was related to extracellular high glutamate *** for mammary glands,compared with the CON group,the RFA group had up-regulated(P 0.05) between ***,piglet performance and milk yield did not differ(P > 0.05) between *** would appear that activation of Notch signaling and adequate supply of glutamate might assist ***: Mammary cell proliferation and catabolism of adipose tissues i

关键词： Glutamate Insulin sensitivity Lipolysis Mammary cell proliferation

Effects of specific doses of E-beam irradiation which inactivated SARS-CoV-2 on the nutrition and quality of Atlantic salmon

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年第4期12卷 1351-1358页

作者： Huilin Yu Junhui Zhang Yan Zhao Honghao Li Yixuan Chen Jiajin Zhu Department of Food Science and nutrition Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

The contamination of Atlantic salmon with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has impeded the development of the cold-chain food industry and posed possible risks to the *** beam(E-beam)irradiation under 2,4,7,and 10 kGy can effectively inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in cold-chain ***,there are few statistics about the quality changes of salmon exposed to these irradiation *** work demonstrated that E-beam irradiation at dosages capable of killing SARS-CoV-2 induced lipid oxidation,decreased vitamin A content,and increased some amino acids and ash *** addition,irradiation altered the textural features of salmon,such as its hardness,resilience,cohesiveness,and *** irradiation considerably affected the L*,a*,and b*values of salmon,with the L*value increasing and a*,b*values *** was no significant difference in the sensory evaluation of control and irradiated *** was shown that irradiation with 2−7 kGy E-beam did not significantly degrade *** inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in salmon is advised at a dose of 2 kGy.

关键词： E-beam irradiation Atlantic salmon SARS-CoV-2 Physicochemical properties

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