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Asking one mechanism in glial cells during neuroinflammation

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第4期20卷 1077-1078页

作者： Xiaoli Guo Chikako Harada Takayuki Harada Visual research Project Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan

Multiple sclerosis(MS),which is characterized by inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system(CNS),is the most common neurological disease in the young adult *** autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE),an animal model of MS,is often used in preclinical *** data indicate that in addition to immune cells such as T cells and dendritic cells,CNS resident microglia and astrocytes play important roles in demyelinating neuroinflammation(Healy et al.,2022).In particular,microglia are key immune-competent cells that can respond to environmental *** depletion of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1,a mitogen-associated protein kinase kinase kinase,in microglia is reported to reduce CNS inflammation and diminish axonal and myelin damage *** suggests that elucidating the mechanisms of microglia-specific responses during pathologies may help in the development of treatments that reduce EAE/MS disease severity(Goldmann et al.,2013).

关键词： inflammation clinical

Review of Brownfield Redevelopment in China and a Comparison with that in OECD Countries

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Chinese Journal of urban and Environmental Studies 2020年第4期8卷 77-98页

作者： Geir Inge ORDERUD Ragnhild SKOGHEIM Berit Irene NORDAHL norwegian institute for urban and regional research oslo metropolitan university

Concomitantly with China's rise as the manufacturing hub of the world as the 20 th Century faded and the Western countries witnessed industrial restructuring, brownfields emerged as an urban problem in city regions, prompting research into how to achieve brownfield redevelopment. More recently, as the global economy diversified, brownfields, and demand for redevelopment have entered the scene of urban development in China, also becoming a research field. This paper reviews international peer reviewed scientific journals on brownfield redevelopment in China,with a focus on social science approaches. Utilizing a previous review of research on OECD countries, this paper indicates similarities and differences between China and Europe and North America in terms of brownfield redevelopment. The comparison shows that research on China is catching up with the international state-of-the-art literature, addressing topics related to pollution;land use and property development; land financing, property and economics; governance, state-market interactions and private–public partnerships; and decision-making systems. Especially, the focus on user rights versus property ownership appears important for international comparative research.

关键词： Brownfield redevelopment urban transformation China OECD countries

Self-Reported Social Status among Rural Residents:A Case in the Outskirts of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan Region

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Social Sciences in China 2023年第3期44卷 181-202页

作者： Geir Inge Orderud Gu Jintu Luo Jing norwegian institute of urban and regional research Oslo Metropolitan University Department of Sociology Hohai University institute of Chinese Borderland research Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

China has in recent decades undergone profound changes and continues to do so—changes that are transforming the social fabric,motivating studies on how self-reported social status is changing in different parts of *** a realist approach,the study emanates from theories on self-reported social status underlining the role of reference-groups,adding insights from the work of Pierre Bourdieu by introducing the terminology of habitus and types of ***,the study adds a spatial scale,thereby contributing to theoretical *** the empirical study asked villagers to provide self-reported social status at village,county and national *** statistical analyses include objective and subjective conditions,representing economic,cultural,social,and symbolic capital,as well as other *** results confirm the relevance of the reference-group theory,with self-reported social status decreasing from village to national *** on multivariate analyses,the study identifies two segments of habitus at the village level,one at the county level and one at the national level,facilitating high scores on self-reported social *** habitus segments underline the importance of incorporating spatial scale as a theoretical *** doing so,the study reveals that a habitus segment including cultural capital of farming competence is important at village and county levels but is replaced at the national level by a segment including the social capital of instruction sources related to farming and not wanting to ***,a habitus segment revolving around the economic capital of jobs outside farming,younger generations,and wanting to move is active at the village *** addition to revealing reference-group differences this habitus segment also indicates that large-scale,national transitional forces are at work,facilitating new drivers for self-reported social status locally.

关键词： self-reported social status reference-group theory peri-urban region rural communities farming

Total mercury in wild fish in Guizhou reservoirs, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第8期22卷 1129-1136页

作者： Haiyu Yan Atle Rustadbakken Heng Yao Thorjorn Larssen Xinbin Feng Ting Liu Lihai Shang Thrond O. Haugen State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China norwegian institute for Water research 0349 Oslo Norway Department of Chemistry University of Oslo 0316 Oslo Norway Guizhou institute for Agriculture Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China

The health hazard of mercury （Hg） compounds is internationally recognized, and the main pathways for methylmercury （MeHg） intake in humans are through consumption of food, especially fish. Given the large releases of Hg to the environment in China, combined with the fast development of hydropower, this issue deserves attention. Provided similar mobilization pathways of Hg in China as seen in reservoirs in North America and Europe one should expect increased Hg contamination in relation to future hydropower reservoir construction in this country. This study presents total Hg （THg） concentrations in wild fish from six Guizhou reservoirs, China. The THg concentrations in fish were generally low despite high background levels in the bedrock and depositions from local point sources. The over all mean ± SD concentration of THg was （0.066 ± 0.078） μg/g （n = 235）. After adjusting for among-reservoir variation in THg, there were significant differences in THg among functional groups of the fish, assumed to re？ect trophic levels. Predicted THg- concentration ratios, retrieved from a mixed linear model, between the functional groups were 9：4：4：1 for carnivorous, omnivorous, planktivorous and herbivorous fish. This result indicated that MeHg accumulation may prevail even under circumstances with short food chains as in this Chinese water system. No fish exceeded recommended maximum THg limit for human consumption set by World Health Organization and the Standardization Administration of China （0.5 μg/g fish wet weight （ww））. Only six fish （2.5%） exceeded the maximum THg limit set by US Environmental Protection Agency （0.3 μg/g fish ww）.

关键词： bioaccumulation mercury methylation mixed linear models aquatic food web lakes

Hydrogen diffusion in C′_(1) phase clathrate hydrate

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Chinese Physics B 2023年第6期32卷 52-59页

作者：宋姿璇周子岳林演文石桥郝勇超付越群张志森吴建洋 Department of Physics Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft MatterJiujiang Research Institute and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials ResearchXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China PoreLab the Njord CentreDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of OsloOslo 0313Norway NTNU Nanomechanical Laboratory Norwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU)Trondheim 7491Norway

Recently,a new phase C'_(1) H_(2) hydrate was experimentally *** this work,the diffusive behaviors of H_(2) in C'_(1)phase clathrate hydrate are explored using classic molecular dynamics(MD)*** reveals that the cage occupancy by H_(2) molecule negligibly influences the C'_(1) phase clathrate structure but greatly dictates the diffusion coefficient of H_(2)*** to the small cage size and small windows connecting the neighboring cages in C'_(1) phase clathrate,nonoccupancy of the neighboring cages is demanded to enable the diffusion of H_(2) molecule that is primarily dominated by hopping ***,the analysis of diffusive free energy landscape reveals lower energy barrier of H_(2) molecule in C'_(1) phase clathrate hydrate than that of other gases in conventional clathrate hydrates,and that H_(2) molecule travels through the windows between neighboring cages with preferential molecular *** study provides critical physical insights into the diffusion behaviors of H_(2) in the C'_(1) phase clathrate hydrate,and implies that the C'_(1) clathrate hydrate is a promising solid structure for the next-generation H_(2) storage.

关键词： clathrate hydrate hydrogen storage diffusion molecular dynamics

Modelling of shallow landslides with machine learning algorithms

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第1期12卷 385-393页

作者： Zhongqiang Liu Graham Gilbert Jose Mauricio Cepeda Asgeir Olaf Kydland Lysdahl Luca Piciullo Heidi Hefre Suzanne Lacasse norwegian Geotechnical institute(NGI) Sognsveien 720855OsloNorway

This paper introduces three machine learning(ML)algorithms,the‘ensemble'Random Forest(RF),the‘ensemble'Gradient Boosted Regression Tree(GBRT)and the Multi Layer Perceptron neural network(MLP)and applies them to the spatial modelling of shallow landslides near Kvam in *** the development of the ML models,a total of 11 significant landslide controlling factors were *** controlling factors relate to the geomorphology,geology,geo-environment and anthropogenic effects:slope angle,aspect,plan curvature,profile curvature,flow accumulation,flow direction,distance to rivers,water content,saturation,rainfall and distance to *** is observed that slope angle was the most significant controlling factor in the ML *** performance of the three ML models was evaluated quantitatively based on the Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)*** results show that the‘ensemble'GBRT machine learning model yielded the most promising results for the spatial prediction of shallow landslides,with a 95%probability of landslide detection and 87%prediction efficiency.

关键词： Shallow landslide Spatial modelling Machine learning GIS

Large scale mapping of forest attributes using heterogeneous sets of airborne laser scanning and National Forest Inventory data

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第4期8卷 872-886页

作者： Marius Hauglin Johannes Rahlf Johannes Schumacher Rasmus Astrup Johannes Breidenbach norwegian institute of Bioeconomy research AsNorway

Background:The norwegian forest resource map(SR16)maps forest attributes by combining national forest inventory(NFI),airborne laser scanning(ALS)and other remotely sensed *** the ALS data were acquired over a time interval of 10 years using various sensors and settings,the NFI data are continuously *** of this study were to analyze the effects of stratification on models linking remotely sensed and field data,and assess the accuracy overall and at the ALS project *** and methods:The model dataset consisted of 9203 NFI field plots and data from 367 ALS projects,covering 17 Mha and 2/3 of the productive forest in ***-effects regression models were used to account for differences among ALS *** types of stratification were used to fit models:1)stratification by the three main tree species groups spruce,pine and deciduous resulted in species-specific models that can utilize a satellite-based species map for improving predictions,and 2)stratification by species and maturity class resulted in stratum-specific models that can be used in forest management inventories where each stand regularly is visually stratified *** models were compared to general models that were fit without stratifying the ***:The species-specific models had relative root-mean-squared errors(RMSEs)of 35%,34%,31%,and 12% for volume,aboveground biomass,basal area,and Lorey’s height,*** RMSEs were 2-7 percentage points(pp)smaller than those of general *** validating using predicted species,RMSEs were 0-4 *** than those of general *** stratified by main species and maturity class further improved RMSEs compared to species-specific models by up to 1.8 *** mixed-effects models over ordinary least squares models resulted in a decrease of RMSE for timber volume of 1.0-3.9 pp.,depending on the main tree *** for timber volume ranged between 19%-59% among individual ALS ***

关键词： NFI Lidar Mixed-effects models Wall-to-wall mapping

The Siberian moth(Dendrolimus sibiricus),a pest risk assessment for Norway

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第4期7卷 635-645页

作者： Daniel Flø Trond Rafoss Michael Wendell Leif Sundheim norwegian institute of Bioeconomy research Høgskoleveien 71433ÅsNorway The norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment Sandakerveien 24 C0473 OsloNorway

Background:The Siberian moth(Dendrolimus sibiricus)is a serious pest of conifers in Russia,Northern Kazakhstan,Mongolia and *** western border of the pest’s distribution in Russia is disputed,but it is present west of the 60th meridian *** pest has the potential to defoliate a wide range of ***:The pest is not present in Norway or other European countries,except *** spread and human mediated transport are potential pathways for the *** mediated pathways considered are:Living trees for planting,coniferous wood in the rough and foliage and *** has been no import of living trees from Russia to Norway during the past 30 years,and there is currently no import of coniferous wood commodities containing bark from areas,where *** ***:The probability of *** entry by natural spread is unlikely,mainly because of the geographical distance and the partial sea barriers between Norway and the infested *** probability of entry by human mediated pathways is unlikely due to the very limited volume of the *** the pest enter Norway,the probability of establishment and spread is unlikely,due to the suboptimal climatic conditions,and the fact that the two dominant conifers in the country,Norway spruce(Picea abies)and Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris),are intermediate and poor hosts,*** potential damage,should *** enter Norway,is considered low.

关键词： Lepidoptera Invasive species Geographical distribution Forest pest

Non-homologous functions of the AlkB homologs

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2015年第6期7卷 494-504页

作者： Rune Ougland Torbjørn Rognes Arne Klungland Elisabeth Larsen Clinic for Diagnostics and Intervention and institute of Medical Microbiology Oslo University HospitalRikshospitalet0027 OsloNorway Department of Anesthesiology Division of Emergencies and Critical CareOslo University HospitalThe Norwegian Radium Hospital0310 OsloNorway Department of Informatics University of Oslo0316 OsloNorway Faculty of Medicine Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of Oslo0317 OsloNorway

TheDNArepair enzyme AlkB was identified in *** more than three decades *** then,nine mammalian homologs,all members of the superfamily of alpha-ketoglutarate and Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases,have been identified(designated ALKBH1–8 and FTO).While *** AlkB serves as a DNA repair enzyme,only two mammalian homologs have been confirmed to repair DNA in *** other mammalian homologs have remarkably diverse substrate specificities and biological *** recognized by the different AlkB homologs comprise erroneous methyl-and etheno adducts in DNA,unique wobble uridine modifications in certain tRNAs,methylated adenines in mRNA,and methylated lysines on *** phenotypes of organisms lacking or overexpressing individual AlkB homologs include obesity,severe sensitivity to inflammation,infertility,growth retardation,and multiple *** we review the present knowledge of the mammalian AlkB homologs and their implications for human disease and development.

关键词： AlkB homologs ALKBH epigenetics histone demethylation DNA repair RNA repair tRNA modiﬁcation