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Hepatic inflammation:an important target for biomarker development in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第3期12卷 447-449页

作者： Hiba Khan Mohammad Shadab Siddiqui Department of Internal Medicine Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disease globally and liver biopsy remains central to diagnosis and risk stratification(1,2).There is currently an immense unmet need to develop non-invasive biomarkers to help establish the diagnosis,disease activity,and disease severity in NAFLD in clinical practice to reduce the need for liver biopsies(3).Unable to identify patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),the clinically aggressive variant of NAFLD,or significant fibrosis readily in clinical practice presents challenges in management of patients with NAFLD and is one of the reasons why incidence of NASH related cirrhosis is rapidly ***,as there is currently no approved therapy for treatment of NASH,there are several novel therapeutics in clinical trials for treatment of ***,enrollment in these clinical trials has been challenging due to high screen failure rates with the most common reason being disqualifying liver *** non-invasive risk stratification to identify patients with suspect NASH undergoing liver biopsy for clinical trial consideration to reduce the screen failure rates will not only facilitate development of therapeutics but also ***,non-invasive and cheap biomarkers that can be readily deployed in wide clinical settings are urgently needed in clinical and research setting to mitigate the projected increase in NASH related cirrhosis.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) biomarker inflammation magnetic resonance imaging

Dietary manipulation and testosterone replacement therapy may explain changes in body composition after spinal cord injury: A retrospective case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第17期7卷 2427-2437页

作者： Ashraf S Gorgey Robert M Lester Mina P Ghatas Sakita N Sistrun Timothy Lavis Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Service Hunter Holmes McGuire VAMCRichmondVA 23249United States Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23249United States Bionutrition Service Center for Clinical and Translational ResearchVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23249United States

BACKGROUND Reduced level of physical activity,high-fat diet and skeletal muscle atrophy are key factors that are likely to contribute to deleterious changes in body composition and metabolic following spinal cord injury (SCI).Reduced caloric intake with lowering percentage macronutrients of fat and increasing protein intake may likely to improve body composition parameters and decrease ectopic adiposity after *** To highlight the effects of dietary manipulation and testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on body composition after SCI METHODS A 31-year-old male with T5 SCI was administered transdermal TRT daily for 16 *** intake and percentage macronutrients were analyzed using dietary *** resonance imaging and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were used to measure changes in body *** Caloric intake and fat percentage were reduced by 445 kcal/d and 6.5%,*** body weight decreased by 8%,body fat decreased by 29%,and lean mass increased by 7%.Thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue cross-sectional area was reduced by 31%.CONCLUSION Manipulation of caloric intake,fat percentage,and protein percentage may have influenced body composition after SCI.

关键词： Spinal cord injury Diet High-protein Low-fat Nutrients Basal metabolic rate Case report

Cultural adaptation and content validity of a Chinese translation of the‘Person-Centered Primary Care Measure’:findings from cognitive debriefing

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Family Medicine and community health 2020年第4期8卷 90-97页

作者： Emily Tsui Yee Tse Cindy Lo Kuen Lam Carlos King Ho Wong Weng Yee Chin Rebecca S Etz Stephen J Zyzanski Kurt C Stange Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Department of Family Medicine&Population health Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA Center for community health Integration School of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA

Objectives To develop an equivalent Chinese translation of the Person-Centered Primary Care Measure(PCPCM)and to establish its cultural adaptability and content validity through cognitive *** The original English PCPCM was first translated into Chinese by double forward-translation by professional *** reconciliated Chinese version was then doubly back-translated into English by two other professional translators blinded to the *** affirmation on its linguistic equivalence with the developers of the original English PCPCM,the reconciliated Chinese PCPCM was sent for cognitive debriefing with 20 Chinese-speaking primary care subjects by a trained interviewer using structured probing questions to collect their opinions on the clarity,comprehensibility and relevance of each item and response option in the *** Subjects were invited from a primary care clinic in Hong Kong to undergo the cognitive debriefing *** interviews were divided into four groups chronologically to allow revision of the items to be made in *** Ten males and 10 females above the age of 18 completed the cognitive *** were all Cantonese-speaking Chinese recruited by convenience *** with cognitive impairment,could not read Chinese,too old or too sick to complete the interviews were excluded from the *** An average of 3.3 min(range 3-4 min)was required for the subjects to self-complete the *** items were generally perceived to be easily understood and *** were made to items with the content validity index(CVI)on clarity or understanding<0.8 in each round of the interviews or if a majority of the subjects suggested *** were made to two items in the Chinese PCPCM throughout the whole cognitive debriefing process before the final version was *** average CVI on clarity of the Chinese PCPCM items ranged from 0.75 to *** average CVI on un

关键词： translator interview validity

Bietti’s crystalline dystrophy in an African American patient: an unusual racial demographic for a condition more common in individuals of East Asian descent

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第8期14卷 1291-1292页

作者： Virang Kumar Vikram Brar Jordyn Prell Ann Jewell Natario Couser Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine RichmondVA 23298USA Department of Ophthalmology Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVA 23298USA Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVA 23298USA Department of Pediatrics Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVA 23298USA

Dear Editor,The study outlining the manifestations of Bietti’s crystalline dystrophy(BCD)in five Chinese patients offered insights into common disease-causing variants associated with Chinese patients as well as a novel mutation[1].This genetic condition is commonly reported among East Asian populations and to some extent Mediterranean populations[2].

关键词： dystrophy crystalline condition

Electrical stimulation and denervated muscles after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第8期15卷 1397-1407页

作者： Subhalakshmi Chandrasekaran John Davis Ines Bersch Gary Goldberg Ashraf S.Gorgey Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical CenterRichmondVAUSA Swiss Paraplegic Centre NottwilSwitzerland Institute of Clinical Sciences Department of Orthopedics at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA Electrodiagnostic Center Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical CenterRichmondVAUSA

Spinal cord injury(SCI)population with injury below T10 or injury to the cauda equina region is characterized by denervated muscles,extensive muscle atrophy,infiltration of intramuscular fat and formation of fibrous *** morphological changes may put individuals with SCI at higher risk for developing other diseases such as various cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,obesity and ***,there is no available rehabilitation intervention to rescue the muscles or restore muscle size in SCI individuals with lower motor neuron ***,hereby,performed a review of the available evidence that supports the use of electrical stimulation in restoration of denervated muscle following *** pulse width stimulation(LPWS)technique is an upcoming method of stimulating denervated *** primary objective is to explore the best stimulation paradigms(stimulation parameters,stimulation technique and stimulation wave)to achieve restoration of the denervated *** parameters,such as the pulse duration,need to be 100–1000 times longer than in innervated muscles to achieve desirable excitability and *** use of electrical stimulation in animal and human models induces muscle *** in animal models indicate that electrical stimulation,with a combination of exercise and pharmacological interventions,have proven to be effective in improving various aspects like relative muscle weight,muscle cross sectional area,number of myelinated regenerated fibers,and restoring some level of muscle *** studies have shown similar outcomes,identifying the use of LPWS as an effective strategy in increasing muscle cross sectional area,the size of muscle fibers,and improving muscle ***,displaying promise is an effective future stimulation *** summary,LPWS is a novel stimulation technique for denervated muscles in humans with *** studies on LPWS of denervated muscles will help in translating

关键词： denervation DXA electrical stimulation LMN injury LPWS MRI spinal cord injury stimulation parameters

Developing momentum in vanishing index photonics

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第8期11卷 1633-1634页

作者： Nathaniel Kinsey Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA23284USA

Refractive index invariably describes the speed at which light passes through materials,and subsequently its perceived *** what happens to these quantities as the index becomes zero?A new work explores this question,h... 详细信息

关键词： processes. momentum index

Multi-omic Microbiome Profiles in the Female Reproductive Tract in Early Pregnancy

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Infectious Microbes & Diseases 2019年第2期1卷 49-60页

作者： Sophonie Jean Bernice Huang Hardik I.Parikh David J.Edwards J.Paul Brooks Naren Gajenthra Kumar Nihar U.Sheth Vishal Koparde Ekaterina Smirnova Snehalata Huzurbazar Philippe H.Girerd Dayanjan S.Wijesinghe Jerome F.StraussIII Myrna G.Serrano Jennifer M.Fettweis Kimberly K.Jefferson Gregory A.Buck Department of Microbiology and Immunology Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA Center for Microbiome Engineering and Data Analysis Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA Department of Statistical Sciences and Operations Research Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA Supply Chain Management and Analytics School of BusinessVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA Life Sciences Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA DNAnexus Inc. Mountain ViewCA Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research FrederickMD Department of Biostatistics Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA Department of Statistics University of WyomingLaramieWY Obstetrics and Gynecology Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA Department of Computer Science Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA.

The vaginal microbiome likely influences host signaling compounds within the reproductive tract,including pro-inflammatory signals,which may play an important role during *** lactobacilli are associated with positive pregnancy outcome,whereas bacterial vaginosis,a dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiome,is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes including preterm *** the host response could be predicted based on the taxonomic composition of the vaginal microbiome,particularly early in pregnancy,then those predictions could potentially be used to personalize intervention methods to reduce preterm birth and other adverse *** this proof of principle study,we apply multivariate strategies to analyze 16S rRNA-based taxonomic surveys in conjunction with targeted immuno-proteomic and lipidomic data from vaginal samples from 58 women enrolled in the Multi-Omic Microbiome Study-Pregnancy Initiative during early *** between the vaginal microbiome and the vaginal lipidome have not been previously *** from this study reveal significant multiple pairwise associations between microbial taxa,specific eicosanoids and sphingomyelins,and *** the biologic significance of these associations is not yet known,these results support the utility of such multi-omic approaches as a means to predict the impact of the microbiome on the host.

关键词： vaginal microbiome preterm birth multi-omics metagenomics cytokine profiles lipidomics

Improved resolution of mixed STR profiles using a fully automated differential cell lysis/DNA extraction method

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Forensic Sciences Research 2020年第2期5卷 106-112页

作者： Matthew C.Goldstein Jordan O.Cox Lori B.Seman Tracey Dawson Cruz Department of Forensic Science Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA

Sexual assault evidence often contains sperm cells,which are typically separated from nonsperm cells using manual differential lysis *** goal of this study was to evaluate the automated QIAGEN QIAcube for this purpose and to compare it to manual QIAGEN and manual organic differential methods using DNA yields and STR profile data for *** yields were determined by qPCR,followed by multiplex STR amplification,CE analysis,and mixture *** automated method was capable of effective cell separation,producing DNA yields sufficient for STR ***,sperm fraction human:male DNA ratios from the QIAcube samples were consistently closer to the desired 1:1 and STR profiles were less likely to result in mixtures,with 6–8fewer female alleles detected(median 1.5 alleles).Ultimately,using the QIAcube for automated differential processing of semen-containing mixtures reduces the need for downstream mixture interpretation and improves STR profile quality with substantially less hands-on time.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic genetics sexual assault evidence QIAcube differential lysis sperm lysis automated DNA extraction mixture analysis

Better preoperative planning improves liver resection outcomes

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第3期16卷 234-235页

作者： Trevor W Reichman Division of Transplantation Department of Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA

Since the advent of liver resection as a treatment option for benign and malignant liver diseases, liver resections have continued to become safer with most centers reporting low morbidity and mortality. Gradual improvements in outcomes over the last decade have largely been due to improvement in surgical techniques including the more routine use of laparoscopy and advances in perioperative care.

关键词： been of it that Better preoperative planning improves liver resection outcomes for were have is