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Beyond cotton and polyester: An evaluation of emerging feedstocks and conversion methods for the future of fashion industry

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第2期9卷 130-159页

作者： Ryen M.Frazier Keren A.Vivas Ivana Azuaje Ramon Vera Alonzo Pifano Naycari Forfora Hasan Jameel Ericka Ford Joel J.Pawlak Richard Venditti Ronalds Gonzalez Department of forest Biomaterials North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry and ScienceThe Nonwovens InstituteNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA

As the global population grows,the demand for textiles is increasing ***,this puts immense pressure on manufacturers to produce more *** synthetic fibers can be pro-duced cheaply,they have a negative impact on the *** the other hand,fibers from wool,sisal,fique,wood pulp(viscose),and man-made cellulose fibers(MMCFs)from cotton can-not alone meet the growing fiber demand without major stresses on land,water,and existing markets using these *** a greater emphasis on transparency and circular economy practices,there is a need to consider natural non-wood alternative sources for MMCFs to supple-ment other fiber ***,introducing new feedstocks with different compositions may require different biomass conversion ***,based on existing work,this review ad-dresses the technical feasibility of various alternative feedstocks for conversion to textile-grade ***,alternative feedstocks are introduced,and then conventional(dissolving pulp)and emerging(fibrillated cellulose and recycled material)conversion technologies are evaluated to help select the most suitable and promising processes for these emerging alternative sources of *** is important to note that for alternative feedstocks to be adopted on a meaningful scale,high biomass availability and proximity of conversion facilities are critical *** north America,soybean,wheat,rice,sorghum,and sugarcane residues are widely available and most suitable for conventional conversion through various dissolving pulp production methods(pre-hydrolysis kraft,acid sulfite,soda,SO2-ethanol-water,and potassium hydroxide)or by emerging cellulose fibrillation *** dissolving pulp conversion is well-established,fibrillated cel-lulose methods could be beneficial from cost,efficiency,and environmental ***,the authors strongly encourage more work in this growing research ***,conducting thorough cost and sustainability assessment

关键词： Non-wood Residue Regenerated cellulose Dissolving pulp Man-made cellulose fiber Apparel textile

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Low crude protein formulation with supplemental amino acids for its impacts on intestinal health and growth performance of growing-finishing pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1590-1606页

作者： Marcos Elias Duarte Wanpuech Parnsen Shihai Zhang Marvio L.T.Abreu Sung Woo Kim Department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA

Background Low crude protein(CP)formulations with supplemental amino acids(AA)are used to enhance intestinal health,reduce costs,minimize environmental impact,and maintain growth performance of ***,extensive reduction of dietary CP can compromise growth performance due to limited synthesis of non-essential AA and limited availability of bioactive compounds from protein supplements even when AA requirements are ***,implementing a low CP formulation can increase the net energy(NE)content in feeds causing excessive fat *** supplementation of functional AA,coupled with low CP formulation could further enhance intestinal health and glucose metabolism,improving nitrogen utilization,and growth *** experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of low CP formulations with supplemental AA on the intestinal health and growth performance of growing-finishing *** In Exp.1,90 pigs(19.7±1.1 kg,45 barrows and 45 gilts)were assigned to 3 treatments:CON(18.0%CP,supplementing Lys,Met,and Thr),LCP(16.0%CP,supplementing Lys,Met,Thr,Trp,and Val),and LCPT(16.1%CP,LCP+0.05%SID Trp).In Exp.2,72 pigs(34.2±4.2 kg BW)were assigned to 3 treatments:CON(17.7%CP,meeting the requirements of Lys,Met,Thr,and Trp);LCP(15.0%CP,meeting Lys,Thr,Trp,Met,Val,Ile,and Phe);and VLCP(12.8%CP,meeting Lys,Thr,Trp,Met,Val,Ile,Phe,His,and Leu).In Exp.3,72 pigs(54.1±5.9 kg BW)were assigned to 3 treatments and fed experimental diets for 3 phases(grower 2,finishing 1,and finishing 2).Treatments were CON(18.0%,13.8%,12.7%CP for 3 phases;meeting Lys,Met,Thr,and Trp);LCP(13.5%,11.4%,10.4%CP for 3 phases;meeting Lys,Thr,Trp,Met,Val,Ile,and Phe);and LCPG(14.1%,12.8%,11.1%CP for 3 phases;LCP+Glu to match SID Glu with CON).All diets had 2.6 Mcal/kg *** In Exp.1,overall,the growth performance did not differ among *** LCPT increased(P<0.05)Claudin-1 expression in the duodenum and *** LCP and LCPT increased(P<0.05)CAT-1,4F2hc,and B0AT exp

关键词： Amino acids Growing-finishing pigs Growth performance Intestinal health Low crude protein formulation Net energy

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An electropenetrography waveform library for the probing and ingestion behaviors of Culex tarsalis on human hands

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1165-1186页

作者： Anastasia M.W.Cooper Samuel B.Jameson Victoria Pickens Cameron Osborne Elaine A.Backus Kristopher Silver Dana N.Mitzel Department of Entomology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA Department of Tropical Medicine Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew OrleansLos AngelesUSA usda Agricultural Research service San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences CenterParlierCaliforniaUSA National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility USDA Agricultural Research ServiceManhattanKansasUSA

Culex tarsalis Coquillett(Diptera:Culicidae)mosquitoes are capable of vectoring numerous pathogens affecting public and animal ***,the probing behaviors of mosquitoes are poorly understood because they occur in opaque ***(EPG)has the potential to elucidate these behaviors by recording the electrical signals generated during *** used an AC–DC EPG with variable input resistors(Ri levels)to construct a waveform library for *** feeding on human *** events associated with mosquito probing were used to characterize waveforms at four Ri levels and with two electrical current *** optimal settings for EPG recordings of *** probing on human hands was an Ri level of 10^(7)Ohms using an applied signal of 150 millivolts alternating *** for *** included those previously observed and associated with probing behaviors in Aedes aegypti L.(Diptera:Culicidae):waveform families J(surface salivation),K(stylet penetration through the skin),L(types 1 and 2,search for a blood vessel/ingestion site),M(types 1 and 2,ingestion),N(type 1,an unknown behavior which may be a resting and digestion phase),and W(withdrawal).However,we also observed variations in the waveforms not described in ***,which we named types L3,M3,M4,and *** investigation enhances our understanding of mosquito probing *** also provides a new tool for the automated calculation of peak *** work will facilitate future pathogen acquisition and transmission studies and help identify new pest and disease management targets.

关键词： AC-DC blood feeders electrical penetration graph EPG human hands mosquitoes waveform library

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Exploring the genetic control of sweat gland characteristics in beef cattle for enhanced heat tolerance

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 1820-1831页

作者： Aakilah S.Hernandez Gabriel A.Zayas Eduardo E.Rodriguez Kaitlyn M.Sarlo Davila Fahad Rafiq Andrea N.Nunez Cristiane Goncalves Titto Raluca G.Mateescu Department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA Department of Animal Sciences University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA. Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit National Animal Disease CentersUnited States Department of Agriculture1920 Dayton AvenueAmesIA 50010USA. Department of Animal Science Iowa StateAmesIAUSA School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering University of Sao PauloAv Duque de Caxias Norte 225PirassunungaSao Paulo 13635‑900Brazil

Background Thermal stress in subtropical regions is a major limiting factor in beef cattle production systems with around$369 million being lost annually due to reduced *** stress causes numerous physiological and behavioral disturbances including reduced feed intake and decreased production *** utilize various physiological mechanisms such as sweating to regulate internal *** in these traits can help identify genetic variants that control sweat gland properties and subsequently allow for genetic selection of cattle with greater *** This study used 2,401 Brangus cattle from two commercial ranches in *** phenotypes that contribute to an animal's ability to manage heat stress were calculated from skin biopsies and included sweat gland area,sweat gland depth,and sweat gland *** animals were genotyped with the Bovine GGP F250K,and BLUPF90 software was used to estimate genetic parameters and for Genome Wide Association *** Sweat gland phenotypes heritability ranged from 0.17 to 0.42 indicating a moderate amount of the phenotypic variation is due to genetics,allowing producers the ability to select for favorable sweat gland properties.A weighted single-step GWAS using sliding 10 kb windows identified multiple quantitative trait loci(QTLs)explaining a significant amount of genetic *** located on BTA7 and BTA12 explained over 1.0%of genetic variance and overlap the ADGRV1 and CCDC168 genes,*** variants identified in this study are implicated in processes related to immune function and cellular proliferation which could be relevant to heat *** of Origin Alleles(BOA)were predicted using local ancestry in admixed populations(LAMP-LD),allowing for identification of markers'origin from either Brahman or Angus ancestry.A BOA GWAS was performed to identify regions inherited from particular ancestral breeds that might have a significant impact on sweat gland pheno

关键词： GWAS Heritability Skin Thermotolerance

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Threshold friction velocity influenced by soil particle size within the Columbia Plateau, northwestern United states

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第8期16卷 1147-1162页

作者： MENG Ruibing MENG Zhongju Brenton SHARRATT ZHANG Jianguo CAI Jiale CHEN Xiaoyan College of Desert Control Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China Key Laboratory of Aeolian Physics and Desertification Control Engineering from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China Key Laboratory of Desert Ecosystem Conservation and Restoration State Forestry and Grassland Administration of ChinaInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China usda-Agricultural Research service Washington State UniversityWashington 99164USA College of Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Academy of Social Sciences Hohhot 010010China

Wind erosion is a geomorphic process in arid and semi-arid areas and has substantial implications for regional climate and *** the Columbia Plateau of northwestern United states,the emissions from fine particles of loessial soils often contribute to the exceedance of inhalable particulate matter(PM)with an aerodynamic diameter of 10μm or less(PM10)according to the air quality ***,little is known about the threshold friction velocity(TFV)for particles of different sizes that comprise these *** this study,soil samples of two representative soil types(Warden sandy loam and Ritzville silt loam)collected from the Columbia Plateau were sieved to seven particle size fractions,and an experiment was then conducted to determine the relationship between TFV and particle size *** results revealed that soil particle size significantly affected the initiation of soil movement and TFV;TFV ranged 0.304-0.844 and 0.249-0.739 m/s for different particle size fractions of Ritzville silt loam and Warden sandy loam,***10 and total suspended particulates(TSP)emissions from a bed of 63-90μm soil particles were markedly higher for Warden sandy loam than for Ritzville silt *** with the lower TFV of Warden sandy loam,dust emissions from fine particles(<100μm in diameter)of Warden sandy loam thus may be a main contributor to dust in the region's atmosphere,since the PM10 emissions from the soil erosion surfaces and its ensuing suspension within the atmosphere constitute an essential process of soil erosion in the Columbia *** and implementing strategic land management practices on sandy loam soils is therefore necessary to control dust emissions in the Columbia Plateau.

关键词： particle size threshold friction velocity inhalable particulate matter total suspended particles Warden sandy loam Ritzville silt loam Columbia Plateau

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Review and Analysis: Evaluation of the Impacts and Consequences of Using Agricultural Herbicides as Military Chemical Weapons in Second Indochina War

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第8期14卷 471-498页

作者： David R. Speidel Kenneth R. Olson usda Resource Conservationist and Agricultural Consultant with Natural Resource Conservation Service and Foreign Agricultural Service Benton Missouri USA College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

The legacy of the human misery caused by the application of the herbicides including Agent Purple and Agent Orange contaminated with unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD and Agent Blue, the arsenic-based herbicide, sprayed over the jungles, rice fields, and hamlets of Vietnam is still haunting us today. Why did this happen? Could it have been prevented? Was it necessary United states military strategy? Was it an intentional decision to inflict this blight on the enemy soldiers and the Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Laotian civilians, to poison their land and cause generations of harm? Alternatively, was it an unpreventable accident in the march of military history? What patterns in the U.S. government’s thought process could be identified as the cause, which led to the decision to use these herbicides as tactical chemical weapons? If the introduction of herbicide (chemical) weapons had not been made, would the outcome of the Vietnam War and the Secret Wars in Laos and Cambodia have been any different? The objective of this treatise is to outline the role of world events and backgrounds and the role of the leaders, U.S. military, CIA, usda, U.S. state Department, the U.S. President appointed Ambassadors to Vietnam and Laos, chemical companies, and President Diệm’s Republic of Vietnam (RVN) government and military. Their collective advice led to the decision to use herbicides as military and environmental chemical weapons in the Second Indochina War. Were the National interests achieved by U.S. military strategy in the RVN using herbicide weapons worth the long-term environmental and human health consequences in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos? Did it impact the outcome of the Second Indochina War?

关键词： Second Indochina War Cambodia Laos South Vietnam Vietnam War Tactical Herbicides Agent Blue Agent Orange Agent Purple Dioxin TCDD Arsenic

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Estimating upper stem diameters and volume of Douglas-fir and Western hemlock trees in the Pacific northwest

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forest Ecosystems 2018年第3期5卷 199-210页

作者： Krishna P.Poudel Hailemariam Temesgen Andrew N.Gray Department of forest Engineering Resources and Management College of Forestry Oregon State University usda forest service PNW Research Station

Background: Volume and taper equations are essential for obtaining estimates of total and merchantable stem volume. Taper functions provide advantages to merchantable volume equations because they estimate diameter inside or outside bark at specific heights on the stem, enabling the estimation of total and merchantable stem volume, volume of individual logs, and a height at a given ***: Using data collected from 1218 trees(1093 Douglas-fir(Pseudotsuga menziesii(Mirbel) Franco) and 125 western hemlock(Tsuga heterophylla)), we evaluated the performance of one simple polynomial function and four variable-exponent taper functions in predicting upper stem diameter. Sample trees were collected from different parts of the states of Oregon, Washington, and California. We compared inside-bark volume estimates obtained from the selected taper equation with estimates obtained from a simple logarithmic volume equation for the data obtained in this study and the equations used by the forest Inventory and Analysis program in the Pacific northwest(FIA-PNW) in the state of California and western half of the states of Oregon and ***: Variable exponent taper equations were generally better than the simple polynomial taper *** FIA-PNW volume equations performed fairly well but volume equations with fewer parameters fitted in this study provided comparable results. The RMSE obtained from taper-based volume estimates were also comparable with the RMSE of the FIA-PNW volume equations for Douglas-fir and western hemlock trees ***: The taper equations fitted in this study provide added benefit to the users over the FIA-PNW volume equations by enabling the users to predict diameter at any height, height to a given diameter, and merchantable volume in addition to cubic volume including top and stump(CVTS) of Douglas-fir and western hemlock trees in the Pacific northwest. The findings of this study also give more confidence to the use

关键词： Pacific northwest Biomass equations Utilization standards Diameter inside bark

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Limited impacts of occasional tillage on dry aggregate size distribution and soil carbon and nitrogen fractions in semi-arid drylands

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第1期12卷 96-106页

作者： Wooiklee S.Paye Vesh R.Thapa Rajan Ghimire New Mexico state university Agricultural Science CenterClovisNM88101USA New Mexico state university Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesLas CrucesNM88003USA

Tillage management that minimizes the frequency and intensity of soil disturbance can increase soil carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)sequestration and improve the resilience of dryland cropping systems,yet the impact of occasional disturbance on soil aggregate formation and the soil organic carbon(SOC)storage within aggregates has not been studied *** evaluated the effect of four tillage management practices on soil dry aggregate size distribution,aggregate-protected C and N,mineral-associated organic matter carbon(MAOM-C),particulate organic matter carbon(POM-C),and corn(Zea mays L.)and sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)yields in a semi-arid dryland cropping *** included conventional tillage(CT),strip-tillage(ST),no-tillage(NT),and occasional tillage(OT)management in a corn-sorghum *** macro-aggregates were 51-54%greater under ST,NT,and OT,while small and micro-aggregates were greater in *** tillage reduced soil aggregate-associated C by 28-31%in macro-aggregates and 47-53%in small aggregates at 26 months(M)sampling compared to ST,NT,and *** clay+silt fraction,CT had 14-16%,21-26%,and 36-43%less SOC at 7,14,and 26M samplings,respectively,than ST,NT,and *** associated N was generally similar under ST,NT,and OT,which was greater on average than *** MOAM-C and POM-C under ST,NT,and OT were generally greater than respective SOC fractions under CT at 19 and 26 M after OT *** and sorghum yields were similar among tillage systems in 2020,but greater under ST,NT,and OT than CT in *** results suggest that while frequent intensive tillage can lower SOC and N storage,a single stubble mulch occasional tillage after several years of NT does not lead to soil C and N losses and soil structural instability in semi-arid drylands.

关键词： Conventional tillage Occasional tillage Aggregate associated carbon Mineral associated organic matter carbon(MAOM-C) Particulate organic matter carbon(POM-C)

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Influence of climatic conditions,topography and soil attributes on the spatial distribution of site productivity index of the species rich forests of Jalisco,Mexico

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Journal of forestry Research 2014年第1期25卷 87-95页

作者： Adel Mohamed Robin M.Reich Raj Khosla C.Aguirre-Bravo Martin Mendoza Briseo Department of Ecology and Rangeland Stewardship Desert Research Center Department of forest and Rangeland Stewardship Colorado State University Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Colorado State University usda forest service Colegio de Postgraduados

This paper presents an approach based on field data to model the spatial distribution of the site productivity index （SPI） of the diverse forest types in Jalisco, Mexico and the response in SPI to site and cli-matic conditions. A linear regression model was constructed to test the hypothesis that site and climate variables can be used to predict the SPI of the major forest types in Jalisco. SPI varied significantly with topog-raphy （elevation, aspect and slope）, soil attributes （pH, sand and silt）, climate （temperature and precipitation zones） and forest type. The most important variable in the model was forest type, which accounted for 35% of the variability in SPI. Temperature and precipitation accounted for 8 to 9% of the variability in SPI while the soil attributes accounted for less than 4% of the variability observed in SPI. No significant differences were detected between the observed and predicted SPI for the individual forest types. The linear regression model was used to develop maps of the spatial variability in predicted SPI for the individual forest types in the state. The spatial site productivity models developed in this study provides a basis for understanding the complex relationship that exists between forest productivity and site and climatic conditions in the state. Findings of this study will assist resource managers in making cost-effective decisions about the management of individual forest types in the state of Jalisco, Mexico.

关键词： Best management practices climate change spatial predic-tions tropical dry forests weighted least squares

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Clathrin light chains negatively regulate plant immunity by hijacking the autophagy pathway

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Plant Communications 2024年第8期5卷 172-188页

作者： Hu-Jiao Lan Jie Ran Wen-Xu Wang Lei Zhang Ni-Ni Wu Ya-Ting Zhao Min-Jun Huang Min Ni Fen Liu Ninghui Cheng Paul A.Nakata Jianwei Pan Steven A.Whitham Barbara J.Baker Jian-Zhong Liu Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China Institute of Plant Genetics and Developmental Biology College of Chemistry and Life SciencesZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China College of Life Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA Plant Gene Expression Center U.S.Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research ServiceAlbanyCA 94706USA Lushan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of SciencesJiujiang 332000China U.S.Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research service Children’s Nutrition Research CenterDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA

The crosstalk between clathrin-mediated endocytosis(CME)and the autophagy pathway has been reported in mammals;however,the interconnection of CME with autophagy has not been established in ***,we report that the Arabidopsis CLATHRIN LIGHT CHAIN(CLC)subunit 2 and 3 double mutant,clc2-1 clc3-1,phenocopies Arabidopsis AUTOPHAGY-RELATED GENE(ATG)mutants in both autoimmunity and nutrient ***,the autophagy pathway is significantly compromised in the clc2-1 clc3-1 ***,multiple assays demonstrate that CLC2 directly interacts with ATG8h/ATG8i in a domain-specific *** expected,both GFP-ATG8h/GFP-ATG8i and CLC2-GFP are subjected to autophagic degradation,and degradation of GFP-ATG8h is significantly reduced in the clc2-1 clc3-1 ***,simultaneous knockout of ATG8h and ATG8i by CRISPR-Cas9 results in enhanced resistance against Golovinomyces cichoracearum,supporting the functional relevance of the CLC2-ATG8h/8i *** conclusion,our results reveal a link between the function of CLCs and the autophagy pathway in Arabidopsis.

关键词： autophagy clathrin light chain immunity clathrin-mediated endocytosis senescence cell death

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