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Tumor inflammation-specific self-amplifying fluorescent molecular probes induce an anti-tumor immune response

Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 273-287页

作者： Shuguang Yang Lijun Hu Hong Xiao Zecong Xiao Xintao Shuai PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Department of Ultrasound The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Department of Medical Ultrasound The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Nanomedicine Research Center The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University

Enhancing the concentration of exogenous molecular drugs within the tumor microenvironment through enzyme-catalyzed polymerization presents a novel strategy for cancer therapy. Nonetheless, the optimization of the catalytic efficiency is often impeded by the inefficient expression of enzymes. Herein, we reported a self-amplifying fluorescent molecular probe, Bis-HTPICG, for photodynamic therapy(PDT) and subsequent PDT-induced immunoreaction. The Bis-HTP-ICG probe possesses a noticeable enzyme-catalyzed polymerization facilitated by myeloperoxidase(MPO), a crucial enzyme secreted by neutrophils at inflammation sites. Upon exposure to laser irradiation, Bis-HTP-ICG showed a high PDT efficacy, inducing an acute inflammatory response that stimulates further recruitment of neutrophils and then elevated MPO secretion. The heightened level of MPO enhances the accumulation of the Bis-HTP-ICG via self-polymerization or binding with intratumoral proteins following MPO enzyme catalysis, instigating a self-amplifying chain reaction cycle involving Bis-HTP-ICG, neutrophils and ***, PDT efficiently incites immunogenic cell death(ICD) in tumor cells, initiating an anti-tumor immune response including dendritic cells(DCs) maturation, T cell proliferation and reprogramming of tumor-associated neutrophils(TANs). This work portrays a promising strategy for self-amplification of fluorescent molecular probes through adjustable enzyme levels,potentially offering a unique avenue to enhance the tumor accumulation of molecular drugs for improved tumor therapy.

关键词： fluorescent molecular probes self-amplifying myeloperoxidase photodynamic therapy

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GPS: graph contrastive learning via multi-scale augmented views from adversarial pooling

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 145-158页

作者： Wei JU Yiyang GU Zhengyang MAO Ziyue QIAO Yifang QIN Xiao LUO Hui XIONG Ming ZHANG School of Computer Science National Key Laboratory for Multimedia Information ProcessingPeking University Artificial Intelligence Thrust The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science University of California

Self-supervised graph representation learning has recently shown considerable promise in a range of fields, including bioinformatics and social networks. A large number of graph contrastive learning approaches have shown promising performance for representation learning on graphs, which train models by maximizing agreement between original graphs and their augmented views(i.e., positive views). Unfortunately, these methods usually involve pre-defined augmentation strategies based on the knowledge of human experts. Moreover, these strategies may fail to generate challenging positive views to provide sufficient supervision signals. In this paper, we present a novel approach named graph pooling contrast(GPS) to address these *** by the fact that graph pooling can adaptively coarsen the graph with the removal of redundancy, we rethink graph pooling and leverage it to automatically generate multi-scale positive views with varying emphasis on providing challenging positives and preserving semantics, i.e., strongly-augmented view and weakly-augmented view. Then, we incorporate both views into a joint contrastive learning framework with similarity learning and consistency learning, where our pooling module is adversarially trained with respect to the encoder for adversarial robustness. Experiments on twelve datasets on both graph classification and transfer learning tasks verify the superiority of the proposed method over its counterparts.

关键词： graph representation learning graph neural networks graph contrastive learning graph augmentations graph pooling

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Decision making module based on stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 202-209页

作者： Yifan Miao Li Zhao Yajun Zhang Zhe Yuan Center for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of Physics Beijing Normal University Institute for Nanoelectric Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan University Interdisciplinary Center for Theoretical Physics and Information Sciences Fudan University

In biological neural systems, noise is ubiquitous but does not affect the correct decisions made in the complex cognitive ***-making in biological neural system is typically achieved by accumulating input information over a period of *** by recent developments in neurosciences, we design a decision-making module based on spintronic devices, utilizing superparamagnetic tunnel junctions as artificial neurons. The feasibility of this decision-making module is verified through circuit simulations. Taking a multi-layer perceptron as an example, the module significantly improves the accuracy of the perceptron in the handwritten digit recognition task. Furthermore, the spintronic decision-making module offers advantages over the conventional pooling methods, such as adaptive decision time, high performance and the absence of analog-to-digital conversion. The decision-making module is flexible to be integrated into artificial neural networks and provides a general yet effective solution to enhance performance against device noise.

关键词： neuromorphic computing spintronics magnetic tunnel junction neural networks

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Recent development in electrode design for wide-temperature supercapacitors

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 96-117页

作者： Jianhong Liu Qiang Zhou Yuxiao Lin Xinsheng Zhao Guangmin Zhou Xiaoxiao Li School of Physics and Electronic Engineering Jiangsu Normal University Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University

An ever-increasing market demand has stimulated the soaring enthusiasm of researchers to develop wide-temperature supercapacitors(SCs). The active electrode is one of the most important parts of SC, which is directly related to the energy density,power transmission and long-term cyclability of the device in the wide-temperature environment. Compared with the SC electrodes aimed for room-temperature application, the SC electrodes for operating at wide-temperature scene often face greater challenges. In this review, the main challenges of SC electrodes under various temperature conditions, including low, high and cross-fade temperatures, are summarized. The relevant performance decay and failure mechanisms of wide-temperature SC electrodes are analyzed. In addition, this review deals with the recent studies and developments in robust wide-temperature SC electrodes with respect to the rational design of electrode structures and the exploitation of advanced active materials. Finally, the future directions for exploring reliable wide-temperature SCs are also proposed.

关键词： supercapacitor wide-temperature electrode design active materials

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Analysis and solution of streak effect in high dynamic range CMOS image sensors

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 402-403页

作者： Wanbin ZHA Jiangtao XU Jinghua AO Kaiming NIE Zhiyuan GAO School of Microelectronics Tianjin University Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology Tianjin University

The high dynamic range (HDR) CMOS image sensor has been widely used in many fields,such as autonomous driving and security guarding [1].The dual conversion gain (DCG)structure,which adjusts the conversion gain (CG) by changing the capacitors connected to the floating diffusion (FD)nodes in the pixel,is an effective and prevalent method for realizing HDR imaging [2].While the DCG structure can extend the dynamic range,in the practical HDR imaging process,the substantial number of photo-generated electrons in bright areas can cause significant voltage variations in the pixel *** variations affect the gray values in darker areas of the same image,leading to the streak effect [3].This study primarily investigates the streak effect caused by forward conduction current of the PN junction in DCG pixels,and proposes a circuit to suppress this effect.

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Cellular models of stress resistance may pave ways to fight neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2579-2580页

作者： Thu Nguyen Minh Pham Christian Behl Institute of Pathobiochemistry University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany

Alzheimer's disease(AD),the most common form of neurodegeneration,is characterized by selective neuronal vulnerability and brain regionselective neuron *** entorhinal cortex and hippoc,ampal CA1 projection neurons are at greater risk in AD whereas other regions display resistance to ***,the cerebellum,a phylogenetically very old region,is affected only very late in the disease progression.

关键词： cortex resistance Alzheimer

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A quantum-search-based multi-classifier for image recognition

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 21-31页

作者： Lu Liu Xingyu Wu Lufan Zhang Chuan Wang School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing Normal University Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory Beijing Normal University

The multi-class classification of images is a pivotal challenge within the realm of image processing. As the volume of visual data continues to expand, there is a burgeoning interest in harnessing the unique capabilities of quantum computation to augment the efficiency of classification tasks. However, many existing methods for training quantum image multi-classifiers parallel classical machine learning techniques, where the requisite circuit measurements increase linearly with the volume of training data. This work introduces a novel approach for training a quantum image multi-classifier based on the quantum search algorithm. We have meticulously conducted rigorous experiments on a handwritten digit dataset, a classic benchmark in the field. The results have been meticulously compared with previous works, and the comparative analysis not only validates the efficiency of our proposed approach, requiring only O(N/b) measurements during training, but also highlights a significant quadratic speedup of the algorithm.

关键词： quantum computation image recognition quantum search algorithm

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Small modifications of endo-functionalized cavities lead to large changes in molecular interaction in water

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 369-376页

作者： Song-Meng Wang Hao Nian Yan-Fang Wang Li-Shuo Zheng Yu-Tao Zheng Yi-Wei Dong Liping Huang Xiaoping Wang Wei Jiang Liu-Pan Yang Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal ResourcesGuangxi Normal University School of Pharmaceutical Science Hengyang Medical School University of South China

Studying molecular recognition in aqueous environments is crucial for understanding biological processes. Herein, we present a series of N-doped endo-functionalized anthracene-based cavities by introducing inward-directed pyridine units. The subtle modifications can significantly affect the binding properties of these receptors, which is similar to the mutations in biological systems. Combining theoretical calculations and molecular recognition experiments demonstrated that these “mutations” have an impact on the hydrophobicity and charge distribution of the hosts, consequently significantly influencing molecular *** is crucial for understanding the intricate mechanisms of molecular-level interactions in biological receptors.

关键词： host-guest interaction hydrophobic effect endo-functionalized cavity mutation pyridine

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Local magnetic moment oscillation around an Anderson impurity on graphene

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 192-201页

作者： Shuai Li Zhen Ma Jin-Hua Gao School of Science Hebei University of Science and Technology School of Electronics and Information Zhengzhou University of Light Industry School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center Huazhong University of Science and Technology

We theoretically investigate the spin resolved Friedel oscillation （FO） and quasiparticle interference （QPI） in graphene induced by an Anderson *** the impurity becomes magnetic,the resulted FO becomes spin dependent,which gives rise to a local magnetic moment oscillation with an envelop decaying as r-2in real space in the doping ***,at half filling,the electron density and local magnetic moment will not oscillate but decay as *** spin resolved FO has both sublattice and spin ***,the local magnetic moment decay at half filling only occurs at one sublattice of graphene,which is quite like the phenomenon observed in the STM experiment (***ález-Herrero et al.,Science 352,437 （2016）).We further give an analytic formula about such spin dependent FO based on the stationary phase ***,we study the interference of quasiparticles around the magnetic impurity by calculating the spin dependent Fourier-transformed local density of states （FT-LDOS）.Our work gives a comprehensive understanding about the local magnetic moment oscillation around an Anderson impurity on graphene.

关键词： Friedel oscillation local magnetic moment graphene Anderson impurity

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Breaking new ground in photocatalysis: lutetium texaphyrin as a trigger for pyroptosis through biomolecular photoredox reactions

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 1-2页

作者： Qihang Ding Mengrong He Meijia Gu Department of Chemistry Korea University Department of Ultrasound Medicine Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan University

Malignant neoplasms consistently pose a significant threat to global public health [1,2]. In recent years, immunotherapy has demonstrated remarkable clinical success; however, its efficacy is limited by the scarcity of immune cell infiltration within tumor microenvironments. Cell pyroptosis, a gasdermin-mediated process characterized by cellular swelling,rupture, and the release of intracellular contents such as IL-1β, IL-18, ATP, HMGB1, plays a crucial role in this context[3,4].

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