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Insect science 2012年第3期19卷 426-428页

作者： Akito Y. Kawahara Thomas C. Emmel Jacqueline Miller Andrew D. Warren McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

The Florida museum of natural history＇s McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, on the University of Florida campus in Gainesville, Florida, has become one of the world＇s largest institutions for research on butterflies and moths, and an important research facility for insect science. The facility was constructed by combining the staff and merging the Lepidoptera holdings from the Allyn museum of Entomology, the Florida State Collection of Arthropods and other University of Florida collections, and now includes over ten million specimens from all over the world, rivaling some of the largest Lepidoptera research collections globally. The facility includes a team of domestic and international researchers studying many areas of lepidopterology, including behavior, biodiversity, biogeography, ecology, genomics, physiology, systematics and taxonomy. In this paper, we introduce the McGuire Center, its staff, and the many research activities for researchers across entomological disciplines.

关键词： Florida museum of natural history Lepidoptera lepidopterology McGuireCenter moth new research facility

The palaeobiogeography of South American gomphotheres

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2013年第1期2卷 19-40页

作者： Spencer G.Lucas new mexico museum of natural history and science

Gomphotheriid proboscideans reached South America as Late Cenozoic immigrants from North America. However, disagreements over alpha taxonomy, age dating and phylogenetic relationships have produced three competing hypotheses about this immigration: (1) a single gomphothere immigration took place soon after the～3 Ma closure of the Panamanian isthmus; (2) two separate gomphothere immigrations took place after closure of the isthmus; or (3) an earlier, Late Miocene (before 9 Ma) immigration brought gomphotheres into South America. A critical re-evaluation of the alpha taxonomy, age dating and phyloge-netic relationships of Neotropical gomphotheres identifies two valid genera of South American gomphotheres, Cuvieronius and Notiomastodon (="Haplomastodon",="Stegomastodon" from South America) and recognizes "Amahuacatherium" as an invalid genus likely based on a specimen of Notiomastodon. The oldest well-dated South American gomphothere fossil is Marplatan, ～2.5 Ma, from Argentina. The case for an age of "Amahuacatherium" older than 9 Ma is refuted by mammalian biostratigraphy and a re-evaluation of the relevant magne-tostratigraphy. North American Rhynchotherium descended from Gomphotherium during the Late Hemphillian (～5-6 Ma) and gave rise to Cuvieronius in North America by the end of the Blancan (～2 Ma) time. Notiomastodon evolved from Cuvieronius in South America during the Pleistocene. The case for a close relationship between the Neotropical gomphotheres and Sinomastodon from China is rejected. Central America was not a center of endemic gompho-there evolution and merely acted as a pathway for the immigration of gomphotheres from north to south: Gomphotherium into Central America during the Miocene, Cuvieronius to Central America by Early Pleistocene time and on to South America. After closure of the Panamanian isthmus, Cuvieronius immigrated to South America, where it gave rise to Notiomastodon by Middle Pleistocene time. The South American history of gomphotheres

关键词： gomphothere South America Cuvieronius Notiomastodon Haplomasto-don Stegomastodon Amahuacatherium

End-Triassic nonmarine biotic events

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2015年第4期4卷 331-348页

作者： Spencer G.Lucas Lawrence H.Tanner new mexico museum of natural history Department of Biological sciences Le Moyne College

The Late Triassic was a prolonged interval of elevated extinction rates and low origination rates that manifested themselves in a series of extinctions during Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian time. Most of these extinctions took place in the marine realm, particularly affecting radiolarians, conodonts, bivalves, ammonoids and reef-building organisms. On land, the case for a Late Triassic mass extinction is much more tenuous and has largely focused on tetrapod vertebrates（amphibians and reptiles）, though some workers advocate a sudden endTriassic（TJB） extinction of land plants. Nevertheless, an extensive literature does not identify a major extinction of land plants at the TJB, and a comprehensive review of palynological records concluded that TJB vegetation changes were non-uniform（different changes in different places）, not synchronous and not indicative of a mass extinction of land plants. Claims of a substantial perturbation of plant ecology and diversity at the TJB in East Greenland are indicative of a local change in the paleoflora largely driven by lithofacies changes resulting in changing taphonomic filters. Plant extinctions at the TJB were palaeogeographically localized events, not global in extent. With new and more detailed stratigraphic data, the perceived TJB tetrapod extinction is mostly an artifact of coarse temporal resolution, the compiled correlation effect. The amphibian, archosaur and synapsid extinctions of the Late Triassic are not concentrated at the TJB, but instead occur stepwise, beginning in the Norian and extending into the Hettangian. There was a disruption of the terrestrial ecosystem across the TJB, but it was more modest than generally claimed. The ecological severity of the end-Triassic nonmarine biotic events are relatively low on the global scale. Biotic turnover at the end of the Triassic was likely driven by the CAMP（Central Atlantic Magmatic Province） eruptions, which caused significant environmental perturbations（cooling, warming,

关键词： Triassic-Jurassic boundary mass extinction land plants East Greenland tetrapods newark Supergroup CAMP volcanism

Permian–Triassic Charophytes: Distribution, Biostratigraphy and Biotic Events

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Journal of Earth science 2018年第4期29卷 778-793页

作者： Spencer G Lucas new mexico museum of natural history 1801 Mountain Road N. W. Albuquerque New Mexico 87104 USA

Permian charophytes are known from the Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan, Germany, Saudi Arabia, China, the USA, Brazil, Paraguay and India. Most of these records are of Middle- Late Permian Age and are the basis of local biostratigraphic zonation in southern Russia and China. Development of a robust Permian charophyte biostratigraphy will require a more extensive record. Triassic charopbytes are known from Germany, Sweden, Poland, Slovenia, Bulgaria, the Ukraine, Russia, Morocco, Congo, the USA, Argentina, Kazakhstan and China. This encompasses records from all Triassic stages and has been the basis of detailed biostratigraphic zonation in southern Russia-Kazakhstan-eastern Europe. Permian and Triassic charophyte biostratigraphy at the level of genus does not provide detailed correlations beyond local or regional schemes. Nevertheless, it does identify some important evolutionary datums that constrain the timing of important biotic events in the Permian-Triassic evolutionary history of the Charophyta, including：（1） Early Permian extinction of the Palaeocharaceae; （2） Late Permian extinction of the ＂Trochiliscales＂（Moellerinales）; （3） Carboniferous origin of the paraphyletic Porocharaceae, soon followed during the Permian by the origin of the multicellular basal plate; and （4） an important generic turnover of charophytes across the Triassic-Jurassic boundary, though there are insufficient data to identify this as a mass extinction.

关键词： Permian Triassic charophytes biostratigraphy biotic events.

Demographic trends and climate over 35 years in the Barro Colorado 50 ha plot

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Forest Ecosystems 2017年第4期4卷 273-285页

作者： Richard Condit Rolando Pérez Suzanne Lao Salomón Aguilar Stephen P. Hubbell Field museum of natural history 1400 S

Background： The first three censuses of the 50-ha plot at Barro Colorado Island spanned an unusually harsh dry season during the 1983 El Nitro. By the early 1990s, we had documented increases in tree mortality, tree growth, and large population fluctuations of many species during the 1982-1985 census interval. At the time, we asserted that increasing drought frequency would greatly affect the forest. With the benefit of five more censuses at Barro Colorado from 1995-2015, we can now put the 1980 conditions in a longer perspective and test the hypothesis that increasing droughtiness has continued to change the forest. Methods： A 50-ha forest plot on Barro Colorado Island was censused eight times, in 1982 and every five years since 1985. All free-standing woody stems were measured, mapped, and identified in each census. Results： 1） The period 1982-1992 included several extreme dry seasons, not just 1983, but since then there have been few such droughts. 2） Dbh growth declined from a peak in the early 1980s to its lowest in the early 1990s. From 1995-2015 it increased slightly, but not returning to the initial peak. Nearly every species and all dbh categories followed the same pattern. 3） The elevated stand-wide mortality rate of large trees during the 1982-1985 drought has not returned, and most individual species showed the same pattern of elevated mortality in the 1980s followed by low and fairly stable mortality after 1990. 4） Sapling mortality declined after 198,5, but rose again in the late-90s, so the 1980s drought period no longer looks unusual. Mortality of individual species＇ saplings fluctuated erratically, including cases where mortality during the drought was lower than after. 5） Population sizes of individual species fluctuated in all possible directions. Some species declined precipitously during the drought, then recovered, but others did not recover. Other species increased in abundance during the drought. Conclusions＂ Droughts of the 1980s elevated tr

关键词： Demographic trends climate

A new Species of the Genus Rhacophorus(Anura：Rhacophoridae) from Southern China

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Asian Herpetological Research 2016年第3期7卷 139-150页

作者： Yunming MO Weicai CHEN Xiaowen LIAO Shichu ZHOU natural history museum of Guangxi Nanning 530012 Guangxi China

A new species of rhacophorid of the genus Rhacophorus is described from the Shiwandashan National Nature Reserve, Guangxi, Southern China. Rhacophorus pinglongensis sp. nov. is compared with congeners from China and other parts of Southeast Asia. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by combination of following characters：（1） small size（adult male, SVL 32.0-38.5 mm）;（2） smooth and green dorsum;（3） flanks, axilla, ventral surface of forearms, inguinal, anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs, ventral surface of shank, and dorsal surface of feet covered with black blotches with white spots or white spots with a faint orange tint;（4） ventral surface of feet and webbing tangerine;（5） supratympanic fold weak;（6） outer margin of forearms and feet with low dermal ridges;（7） calcars absent on heels;（8） iris silver, diffusing to ecru laterally with light khaki ring along margin. The new species is closely related to R. dorsoviridis, R. moltrechti, and R. nigropunctatus based on adult morphology. Currently, this species is known only from mid-elevation montane evergreen forest in the Shiwandashan National Nature Reserve, Guangxi, China.

关键词： spots ventral silver dermal locality distinguished shank Genus outer dorsal

Species richness estimations of the megadiverse scuttle fly genus Megaselia （Diptera： Phoridae） in a wildfire-affected hemiboreal forest

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Insect science 2011年第3期18卷 325-348页

作者： James Bonet Sven-Olof Ulefors Bert Viklund Thomas Pape Department of Zoology Stockholm University Stockholm Fargerivagen 9 Alsterbro Sweden natural history museum of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark Swedish museum of natural history Stockholm Sweden

The species richness of the scuttle fly （Diptera： Phoridae） genus Megaselia was estimated by various non-parametric estimators from EstimateS, Species Prediction And Diversity Estimation （SPADE） and Ws2m, based on material from a Swedish hemiboreal forest area recently affected by major wildfires, Yyresta National Park and Nature Reserve （TNPNR）, south of Stockholm. A total of 21 249 individuals were collected in Malaise traps, of which males constituted 16 976 and females 4 273. The analysed dataset represents 37 samples containing 18 549 specimens sorted into 330 species （184 described, 146 are either undescribed or of unsettled taxonomic status）. It was not possible to estimate the total species richness using all samples due to heterogeneity caused by inclusion of different communities and temporal incoherencies between samples within and between years. Even with material obtained from a sampling program that was not designed for species richness estimates, it was possible to obtain reliable results when sample heterogeneity was minimized. By dividing the data into community-specific datasets - for bog, forest and wildfire - it was possible to obtain asymptotic curves for the smaller of the two wildfire datasets. A total estimate of 357~439 （95% CI） was attained by using the smaller wildfire dataset and adding the 85 unique species from the samples not included in the estimation analysis. TNPNR has one of the richest known scuttle fly communities in Europe, consisting of almost 50% of the currently named Megaselia species; 48 of these species are reported as new records for Sweden in this study.

关键词： hemiboreal forest morphospecies sample heterogeneity scuttle flies species richness estimations

Olfactory receptor gene evolution is unusually rapid across Tetrapoda and outpaces chemosensory phenotypic change

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Current Zoology 2020年第5期66卷 505-514页

作者： Laurel R.Yohe Matteo Fabbri Michael Hanson Bhart-Anjan S.Bhullar Department of Earth&Planetary science Peabody Museum of Natural HistoryYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA

Chemosensation is the most ubiquitous sense in animals,enacted by the products of complex gene families that detect environmental chemical cues and larger-scale sensory structures that process these *** there is a general conception that olfactory receptor(OR)genes evolve rapidly,the universality of this phenomenon across vertebrates,and its magnitude,are *** supposed correlation between molecular rates of chemosensory evolution and phenotypic diversity of chemosensory systems is largely *** combine comparative genomics and sensory morphology to test whether OR genes and olfactory phenotypic traits evolve at faster rates than other genes or *** published genomes,we identified ORs in 21 tetrapods,including amphibia ns,reptiles,birds,and mammals and compared their rates of evolution to those of orthologous non-OR protein-coding *** found that,for all clades investigated,most OR genes evolve nearly an order of magnitude faster than other protein-coding genes,with many OR genes showing signatures of diversifying selection across nearly all taxa in this *** rapid rate of evolution suggests that chemoreceptor genes are in "evolutionary overdrive,"perhaps evolving in response to the ever-changing chemical space of the *** obtain complementary morphological data,we stained whole fixed specimens with iodine,μCT-scanned the specimens,and digitally segmented chemosensory and nonchemosensory brain *** then estimated phenotypic variation within traits and among *** we found considerable variation in chemosensory structures,they were no more diverse than nonchemosensory *** suggest chemoreceptor genes evolve quickly in reflection of an ever-changing chemical space,whereas chemosensory phe no types and processing regions are more conserved because they use a standardized or constrained architecture to receive and process a range of chemical cues.

关键词： chemosensation diversifying selection olfaction olfactory bulb olfactory receptor tetrapod

Taxonomic review of the genus Ochyrotica Walsingham from China(Lepidoptera:Pterophoridae:Ochyroticinae)

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动物分类学报 2014年第2期39卷 283-291页

作者： Shu-Lian Hao Tianjin natural history museum

The genus Ochyrotica from China is reviewed, with four species treated. The male of O. connexiva （Walsingham） is described for the first time, O. zolotuhini Ustjuzhanin ＆ Kovtunovich is firstly recorded in China, and the distribution information of O. concursa （Walsingham） in China is clarified. The structural variations of the genus and all species from China are discussed. Images of the adults and illustrations of genital structures are provided, along with a key to the known Chinese species.

关键词： Lepidoptera Pterophoridae Ochyrotica new record China.

WETLAND TYPES AND ASSOCIATE VEGETATION IN NEPAL:AN OVERVIEW

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湿地科学 2007年第3期5卷 193-200页

作者： Mohan Siwakoti natural history museum Tribhuvan University

Wetland is the transitional zone between the permanently wet and dry environment and shares the charac-teristics of the environment. Wetland is not yet to be classified unambiguously as either aquatic or terrestrial. However,the Ramsar Convention adopts an extremely broad approach in determining the wetland; as a result, several varieties ofhabitat types are included under the wetland definition. Wetlands are among the world’s most productive ecosystems andprovide a wide variety of goods and services. Nepal lies on the southern slopes of central Himalayas and occupies a totalarea of 147 181 km2between the latitudes 26°22′N and 30°27′N and the longitudes 80°40′E and 88°12′E. The di-verse landscape (60 -8 848 m) and bioclimatic conditions (alpine to tropical) of the country provide a unique niche fordifferent types of wetlands. These are distributed from high altitudinal glacial lakes to hot springs, ponds, ox-bowlakesto river floodplains, marshes and swamps. The country has 15 types of inland freshwater natural wetlands as classified bythe Ramsar Convention. These wetlands house several species of rare and endangered flora and fauna. The present paperattempts to highlight the various types of wetlands in Nepal with associate vegetation.

关键词：湿地类型植被尼泊尔