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Dietary Epimedium extract supplementation improves intestinal functions and alters gut microbiota in broilers

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第4期14卷 1584-1597页

作者： Jiaqi Zhang Haitao Yu Huiyan Zhang Qingyu Zhao Wei Si Yuchang Qin Junmin Zhang State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences100193 BeijingChina Scientific Observing and experiment station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences100193 BeijingChina.

Background Growth-promoting antibiotics have been banned by law in the livestock and poultry breeding industry in many *** alternatives to antibiotics have been investigated for using in ***(EM)is an herb rich in flavonoids that has many beneficial effects on ***,this study was planned to explore the potential of EM as a new alternative antibiotic product in animal *** A total of 7201-day-old male broilers(Arbor Acres Plus)were randomly divided into six groups and fed basal diet(normal control;NC),basal diet supplemented with antibiotic(75 mg/kg chlortetracycline;CTC),and basal diet supplemented with 100,200,400 or 800 mg/kg EM extract for 6 weeks(EM100,EM200,EM400 and EM800 groups).The growth performance at weeks 3 and 6 was ***,intestinal tissue and feces were collected to assay for antioxidant indexes,intestinal permeability,lactic acid and short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)profiles,microbial composition,and expression of intestinal barrier *** The average daily feed intake in CTC group at 1-21 d was significantly higher than that in the NC group,and had no statistical difference with EM *** with NC group,average daily gain in CTC and EM200 groups increased significantly at 1-21 and 1-42 *** with NC group,EM200 and EM400 groups had significantly decreased levels of lipopolysaccharide and D-lactic acid in serum throughout the *** concentrations of lactic acid,acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid and SCFAs in feces of birds fed 200 mg/kg EM diet were significantly higher than those fed *** dietary supplementation of chlortetracycline and 200 mg/kg EM significantly increased ileal expression of SOD1,Claudin-1 and ZO-1 *** supplemented with 200 mg/kg EM increased the relative abundances of g_NK4A214_group and Lactobacillus in the jejunal,while the relative abundances of Microbacterium,Kitasatospora,Bacteroides in the jejunal and Gallibacterium

关键词： Antioxidation Broilers Epimedium Growth performance Microbiota

Minerals in edible insects:a review of content and potential for sustainable sourcing

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第1期13卷 65-74页

作者： Mingxing Lu Chenxu Zhu Sergiy Smetana Ming Zhao Haibo Zhang Fang Zhang Yuzhou Du College of Plant Protection&Institute of Applied Entomology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China German Institute of Food Technologies(DIL e.V.) Quakenbrück D-49610Germany Jiangsu Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine station Nanjing 210036China Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

In response to the rapid increase in world population and subsequent demands for food,edible insects represent an alternative food source for humans that is rich in proteins,amino acids and *** is a tradition in many countries including China and Thailand,and edible insects have attracted a lot of attention in Western World due to their suitable nutrient composition,high mineral content(e.g.,Fe,Zn,Ca,Mg)and potential use as a supplement in human *** this study,we surveyed mineral content in seven insect orders and 67 species of mass produced and wild-harvested edible *** total content of essential elements in edible insects was very high in Tenebrio molitor,Bombyx mori,and Zonocerus *** heavy metal content(summarized for eight species)was below the maximum limit allowed for safe *** supply of minerals derived from insect biomass is complicated due to the high variations of mineral content in insects and the potential of its change due to processing.

关键词： Edible insects Minerals Nutrition Food safety Sustainability

The antimicrobial interventions of cilantro(Coriandrum sativum)in mitigating cross-contamination of foodborne pathogens during the retail soaking process

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Food Quality and Safety 2022年第4期6卷 571-578页

作者： Yangjin Jung Mengqi Guo Jingwen Gao Hyein Jang Karl R.Matthews agricultural&Environmental Research station West Virginia State UniversityInstituteWVUSA Department of Food Science Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA

The efficacy of commercially available antimicrobials for fresh produce—electrolyzed water(EW;around 60 mg/L of free chlorine),a combination of lactic acid and phosphoric acid-based(LPA)and citric acid-based(CA)—was compared with tap water(TW)in preventing cross-contamination during the soaking step of crisping at a retail setting.A bunch of cilantro((103.7±14.9)g/bunch)was inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella enterica(***)and Escherichia coli(***)O157:H7,*** and Listeria monocytogenes(***),or *** O157:H7 and ***(around 5.0 log CFU/g).One inoculated and seven non-inoculated cilantro bunches were soaked in 76 L of TW,EW,LPA,and CA for 5 *** additional soakings,each with eight bunches of non-inoculated cilantro,were performed in the same soaking *** determine the cross-contamination of inoculated foodborne pathogens via soaking water,the cilantro samples and soaking water following each soaking step were subjected to microbiological analyses using selective media supplemented with nalidixic acid(100μg/mL).During the first soaking,significantly greater reductions in Salmonella((2.9±0.5)log CFU/g),*** O157:H7((3.0±0.1)log CFU/g),and ***((2.7±0.3)log CFU/g)on cilantro were achieved with EW compared to soaking with TW,LPA,and CA(P<0.05).Cross-contamination of foodborne pathogens from inoculated cilantro to non-inoculated cilantro was completely mitigated by EW during three subsequent soaking *** the exception of TW soaking water,no inoculated foodborne pathogens were detected in the 100 mL soaking water of EW,CA,and LPA *** an appropriate concentration of chemical antimicrobial in water during the soaking step of crisping aids in mitigating cross-contamination of foodborne pathogen(s)in cilantro bunches.

关键词： Cross-contamination retail settings cilantro antimicrobials post-harvest washing Escherichia coli O157:H7 Salmonella Listeria monocytogenes

Biochar-compost-based controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer intended for an active microbial community

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Frontiers of agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第2期11卷 326-343页

作者： Robiul Islam RUBEL Lin WEI Salman ALANAZI Abdulkarim ALDEKHAIL Anne CMCIDREIRA Xufei YANG Sanjita WASTI Samarthya BHAGIA Xianhui ZHAO Department of agricultural and Biosystem Engineering South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD 57007USA Tickle College of Engineering University of Tennessee KnoxvilleKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN 37830USA

Nitrogen(N) fertilizers in agriculture suffer losses by volatilization of N to the air, surface runoff and leaching into the soil, resulting in low N use efficiency(NUE)( 50%) and raising severe environmental pollutions. Controlledrelease nitrogen fertilizers(CRNFs) can control the release of N nutrients to NUE in crop production. Different methods were used to develop new ***, different CRNF technologies are still underdeveloped due to inadequate controlling on N releasing time and/or unsustainable diffusion. The study on the influences of CRNF processing parameters on microbial conditions are lacking when the CRNFs composed of various bio-ingredients such as biochar, composts, and biowaste. The complexity of processing methods, material biodegradability, and other physical properties make current CRNFs of questionable value in agricultural production. This research aims to develop a novel biochar-compost-based controlled-release urea fertilizer(BCRUF) to preserve microbial properties carried by the compost. The BCRUF was synthesized by pelletizing the 50:50(dry, wt/wt) mixture of biochar and compost. BCRUF was loaded with urea and then spray-coated with polylactic acid(PLA). The releasing time of two types of BCRUFs, coated and uncoated with PLA, for 80% of N release in water was up to 6 h at three different temperatures(4, 23, and 40 °C), compared to conventional urea fertilizer and commercial environmentally smart N(ESN) fertilizer. The releasing time of coated BCRUF for 80% N release in soil was up to 192 h(8 days). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) analysis revealed that no new functional groups were found in the release solution, indicating no new chemical hazards generated. The differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)tests also verified that its thermal stability could be up to 160 °C. The microbe populations in the BCRUF pellets were reduced after the pelleting and drying processes in BCRUF fabrication, but a few bacteria can endure in t

关键词： Soil microbial community biochar compost controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer polylactic acid spray coating

Establishment of Beauveria bassiana as a fungal endophyte in potato plants and its virulence against potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

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Insect Science 2023年第1期30卷 197-207页

作者： Meng-Di Zhang Sheng-Yong Wu Jun-Jie Yan Stuart Reitz Yu-Lin Gao State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBejingChina Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Malheur Experiment StationOregon State UniversityOntarioORUSA National Center of Excellence for Tuber and Root Crop Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina

The potato tuber moth,Phthorimaea operculella,is the most damaging potato pest in the world and is difficult to control as the larvae are internal feeders in the foliage and *** fungi that colonize plants as endophytes have lethal and sublethal pathological effects on insect *** show that Beauveria bassiana colonizes the aerial parts of potato plants endophytically after inoculation through soil *** *** persisted in potato foliage for more than 50 days *** indicated that foliage of ***-inoculated potato plants were pathogenic against larvae of P *** experiments indicated that *** negatively affected the growth,development,and reproduction of P *** experiments showed that the weight of *** pupae reared on *** potato plants(4.25 mg)was significantly less than that of those reared on uninoculated control plants(8.89mg).Compared with newly eclosed larvaefed on control plants,those fed on ***-inoculated plants had significantly lower survivorship,with only 17.8%developing to the adult *** of P operculella females reared on *** endophytically colonized plants was significantly lower(35 eggs/female)than of those reared on uninoculated plants(115 eggs/female).This study demonstrates that endophytic *** can be a potential biological control agent for the control and management of P *** pupal weights of P operculella reared on potato plants inoculated with the *** strain GZGY-1-3 and on untreated control plants,pupae from the control plants were significantly heavier than those from treated plants.

关键词： Beauveria bassiana biological control colonization Phthorimaea operculella

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals the developmental trajectory and transcriptional regulatory networks of pigment glands in Gossypium bicki

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Molecular Plant 2023年第4期16卷 694-708页

作者： Yue Sun Yifei Han Kuang Sheng Ping Yang Yuefen Cao Huazu Li Qian-Hao Zhu Jinhong Chen Shujin Zhu Tianlun Zhao College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejang UniversityHangzhou 310058China agricultural experiment station Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China CSIRO Agriculture and Food GPO Box 1700CanberraACT 2601Australia Institute of Hainan Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Comprehensive utilization of cottonseeds is limited by the presence of pigment glands and its inclusion *** ideal cotton has glandless seeds but a glanded plant,a trait found in only a few Australian wild cotton species,including Gossypium *** of this trait into cultivated species has proved to be *** the biological processes toward pigment gland morphogenesis and the associated underlying molecular mechanisms will facilitate breeding of cultivated cotton varieties with the trait of glandless seeds and glanded *** this study,single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seg)was performed on 12222 protoplasts isolated from cotyledons of germinating *** seeds 48 h after *** into 14 distinct clusters unsupervisedly,these cells could be grouped into eight cell populations with the assistance of known cell marker *** pigment gland cells were well separated from others and could be separated into pigment gland parenchyma cells,secretory cells,and apoptotic *** integrating the pigment gland cell developmental trajectory,transcription factor regulatory networks,and core transcription factor functional validation,we established a model for pigment gland *** this model,light and gibberellin were verified to promote the formation of pigment *** addition,three novel genes,GbiERF114(ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 114),GbiZAT11(ZINC FINGER OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA 11),and GbiNTL9(NAC TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-LIKE 9),Were found to affect pigment gland ***,these findings provide new insights into pigment gland morphogenesis and lay the cornerstone for future cotton scRNA-seq investigations.

关键词： scRNA-seq pigment gland morphogenesis cell development cotton

Slaughter Performance, Muscle Quality and Nutritional Composition of Duoluo Goats in Sichuan Province

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agricultural Biotechnology 2024年第2期13卷 12-16页

作者： Mingliang ZHOU Shan WU Qian PANG Basangzhuoma Minghua CHEN Hualong FU Jinbin MAO Pinggui YANG Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences Chengdu 611731China Animal Husbandry station of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Kangding 626000China

[Objectives] This study was conducted to understand the biological characteristics of Duoluo goats. [Methods] With male and female Duoluo goats as the research object, related performance indexes were determined and analyzed after slaughter. [Results] The weights of one-year-old male and female Duoluo goats before slaughter were (25.68±2.37) and (24.51±1.97) kg, respectively;the dressing percentages were (43.55±3.24) % and (43.84±3.42) %, respectively;and the net meat percentages were (33.02±2.32) % and (34.19±2.46) %, respectively. (2) The cooked meat rates of male and female Duoluo goats were (65.49±1.42) % and (65.36±1.55) %, respectively;the shearing force was (5.48±1.24) and (5.65±1.02) N, respectively;and the loin-eye muscle areas were (8.95±1.72) and (8.82±1.15) cm 2, respectively. (3) The protein contents of male and female Duoluo goats were (20.07±0.42) and (19.47±1.22) g/100 g, respectively;and the fat contents were (1.30±0.80) % and (2.92±0.55) %, respectively;and the cholesterol contents were (71.76±11.47) and (74.83±2.68) mg/100 g, respectively;(4) The Ca contents of male and female Duoluo goats were (69.53±10.89) and (63.00±4.56) mg/kg, respectively;the Fe contents were (16.73±1.83) and (14.77±0.58) mg/kg, respectively;and the Zn contents were (38.47±3.68) and (31.83±2.22) mg/kg, respectively. (5) In the muscles of male and female Duoluo goats, the contents of essential amino acids were (7.44±0.24) and (7.26±0.41) g/100 g , respectively;the contents of non-essential amino acids were (11.81±0.33) and (11.42±0.67) g/100 g, respectively;and the contents of flavor amino acids were (8.79±0.27) and (8.42±0.57) g/100 g, respectively. [Conclusions] This study lays a foundation for the excavation and utilization of the resource, Duoluo goats.

关键词： Duoluo goat Slaughter Muscle quality Amino acid

Extensive identification of landslide boundaries using remote sensing images and deep learning method

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China Geology 2024年第2期7卷 277-290页

作者： Chang-dong Li Peng-fei Feng Xi-hui Jiang Shuang Zhang Jie Meng Bing-chen Li Faculty of Engineering China University of GeoscienceWuhan 430074China Badong National Observation and Research station of Geohazards China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710054China

The frequent occurrence of extreme weather events has rendered numerous landslides to a global natural disaster *** is crucial to rapidly and accurately determine the boundaries of landslides for geohazards evaluation and emergency ***,the Skip Connection DeepLab neural network(SCDnn),a deep learning model based on 770 optical remote sensing images of landslide,is proposed to improve the accuracy of landslide boundary *** SCDnn model is optimized for the over-segmentation issue which occurs in conventional deep learning models when there is a significant degree of similarity between topographical geomorphic *** exhibits notable improvements in landslide feature extraction and semantic segmentation by combining an enhanced Atrous Spatial Pyramid Convolutional Block(ASPC)with a coding structure that reduces model *** experimental results demonstrate that SCDnn can identify landslide boundaries in 119 images with MIoU values between 0.8and 0.9;while 52 images with MIoU values exceeding 0.9,which exceeds the identification accuracy of existing *** work can offer a novel technique for the automatic extensive identification of landslide boundaries in remote sensing images in addition to establishing the groundwork for future inve stigations and applications in related domains.

关键词： Geohazard Landslide boundary detection Remote sensing image Deep learning model Steep slope Large annual rainfall Human settlements Infrastructure agricultural land Eastern Tibetan Plateau Geological hazards survey engineering

Distribution of antioxidants and phenolic compounds in flour milling fractions from hard red winter wheat

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Grain & Oil Science and Technology 2024年第2期7卷 71-78页

作者： Lauren Renee Brewer Jittawan Kubola Sirithon Siriamornpun Yong-Cheng Shi Department of Grain Science and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Department of Food Innovation and Processing Faculty of Agricultural TechnologyBuriram Rajabhat UniversityBuriram 31000Thailand Research Unit of Thai Food innovation Department of Food Technology and NutritionMahasarakham UniversityMahasarakham 44000Thailand

Mature wheat kernels contain three main parts:endosperm,bran,and *** milling results in multiple streams that are chemically different;however,the distribution of antioxidants and phenolic compounds has not been well documented in terms of conventional milling by-product *** this study,multiple analytical methods were used to investigate antioxidant activity and phenolic compound compositions of hard red winter wheat(whole ground wheat),the parts of a wheat kernel(bran,flour,germ),and wheat by-product streams(mill feed,red dog,shorts)for the first *** each mill stream,phenolic compounds(total,flavonoid,and anthocyanin contents)were determined and antioxidant activities were evaluated with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical-scavenging activity,ferric reducing/antioxidant power(FRAP),and total antioxidant capacity *** differences(P<0.05)were observed in phenolic concentrations among fractions of bran,flour,and germ milled from the same kernels and noted that germ accounts for the majority of antioxidant properties,whereas bran contains a substantial portion of phenolic compounds and *** feed was high in phenolic content(5.29 mg FAE/g),total antioxidant capacity(866 mg/g),and antioxidant activity(up to 75% DPPH inhibition and 20.26μmol FeSO_(4)/g).The comprehensive information on distribution of antioxidants and phenolic compounds provides insights for future human consumption of commonly produced co-products from flour milling,and for selecting and using different milling fractions to make foods with improved nutritional properties.

关键词： Wheat Milling streams Antioxidants Phenolic acids Flavonoid Anthocyanin