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Recovery rates of persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction using psychophysical assessment:A longitudinal cohort study

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 79-87页

作者： Jeremy P.Tervo Patricia T.Jacobson Brandon J.Vilarello Tiana M.Saak Francesco F.Caruana Liam W.Gallagher Joseph B.Gary David A.Gudis Paule V.Joseph D.P.Devanand Terry E.Goldberg Jonathan B.Overdevest columbia university Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons New YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism&National Institute of Nursing ResearchBethesdaMarylandUSA new york-presbyterian/columbia university irving medical center New YorkNew YorkUSA

Objectives:Persistent olfactory dysfunction(OD)following loss of smell associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is a major feature of long *** on the prevalence of persistent OD predominantly rely on self-reported olfactory *** studies have tracked longitudinal rates of recovery using psychophysical assessment among patients presenting for evaluation of persistent OD beyond a window of acute *** anchored in standardized testing methods are needed to counsel patients who fail to acutely regain their sense of *** study aims to quantify the degree of persistent OD in post-COVID-19 patients who experience subjective and psychophysical ***:We grouped participants presenting for OD evaluation into cohorts based on both subjective and psychophysical olfactory status at a baseline assessment and assessed their olfactory abilities with a visual analogue scale and the Sniffin'Sticks extended test at baseline and 1-year time *** had confirmed a history of COVID-19 by lab evaluation or clinical diagnosis if lab evaluation was not ***:Baseline olfactory evaluation was completed by 122 participants,53 of whom completed the 1-year follow-up *** participants presenting with perceived OD,74.5%had confirmed psychophysical OD at baseline,with 55.1%at 1-year *** had reliable trends in self-rated versus psychophysically tested olfactory function at both time *** total threshold,discrimination,and identification(TDI)score improved by+3.25 points in the cohort with psychophysical OD(p=0.0005),with this improvement largely attributable to an increase in median threshold scores(+2.75 points;p=0.0004).Conclusions:OD persists in a significant number of patients who fail to acutely recovery their sense of smell after COVID-19,with many demonstrating lingering deficits at *** in threshold,but not discrimination or identification,most significantly mediate improvement

关键词： long COVID olfaction post-COVID condition smell dysfunction

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Safeguarding children through pediatric surgical care in war and humanitarian settings: a call to action for pediatric patients in Gaza

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第1期7卷 59-65页

作者： Abirami Muthumani UCSF center for Health Equity in Surgery and Anesthesia Universityof California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA Department of General Surgery Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNewYorkNew YorkUSA

INTRODUCTION Pediatric surgical interventions may represent more than one-third of the surgical caseload in humanitarian settings.1 The humanitarian crisis in Gaza has taken a devastating toll on children,many of whom have suffered injuries due to indiscriminate and heavy bombardment,resulting in severe polytraumatic injuries necessitating immediate and specialized pediatric surgical *** conflict has strained the region's fragile healthcare system,resulting in a significant number of casualties,a substantial proportion of which are *** exacerbates the demand for specialized pediatric surgical care,especially when the existing healthcare system and infrastructure has nearly collapsed and is under-resourced to handle the influx of pediatric patients.2 The urgency for specialized pediatric surgical care and support for children in Gaza cannot be *** to healthcare in Palestine has been an ongoing challenge.

关键词： pediatric injuries surgical

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Trans-Frame Aortic Regurgitation of new-Generation Aortic Bioprosthesis

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2024年第4期14卷 41-44页

作者： Michael Timothy Simpson Kasmir Ramo Vinayak Bapat Andrea Miltiades Isaac George Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery New York-Presbyterian Hospital Columbia University Medical Center New York USA Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia New York-Presbyterian Hospital Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York USA Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Abbott Northwestern Hospital Minneapolis Heart Institute Minneapolis USA

A widely used aortic valve bioprosthesis is susceptible to regurgitation between the sewing ring and the frame of the valve due to its relatively thin fabric coverage. In some cases this leak has been shown to resolve with administration of protamine, however, tension on this area from annular sutures placed in an asymmetric bicuspid valve annulus may exacerbate the defect.

关键词： Aortic Valve Replacement Bicuspid Aortic Valve Paravalvular Leak

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The energetics of cellular life transitions

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Life Metabolism 2024年第3期3卷 12-20页

作者： Anna S.Monzel Michael Levin Martin Picard Department of Psychiatry Division of Behavioral MedicineCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10032United States Department of Biology Tufts UniversityMedfordMA 02155United States Allen Discovery center at Tufts university MedfordMA 02155United States Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard UniversityBostonMA 02115United States Department of Neurology H.Houston Merritt CenterColumbia Translational Neuroscience InitiativeCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10032United States new york State Psychiatric Institute New YorkNY 10032United States Robert N Butler columbia Aging center Columbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNY 10032United States

Major life transitions are always difficult because change costs *** findings have demonstrated how mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation(OxPhos)defects increase the energetic cost of living and that excessive integrated stress response(ISR)signaling may prevent cellular identity transitions during *** this perspective,we discuss general bioenergetic principles of life transitions and the costly molecular processes involved in reprograming the cellular hardware/software as cells shift *** energetic cost of cellular differentiation has not been directly quantified,representing a gap in *** propose that the ISR is an energetic checkpoint evolved to(i)prevent OxPhos-deficient cells from engaging in excessively costly transitions and(ii)allow ISR-positive cells to recruit systemic energetic resources by signaling via GDF15 and the brain.

关键词： energy mitochondria signaling pathway growth differentiation factor 15 energy balance development

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Imprinting at the KBTBD6 locus involves species-specific m ternal methylation and monoallelic expression in livestock animals

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 127-145页

作者： Jinsoo Ahn In-Sul Hwang Mi-Ryung Park Seongsoo Hwang Kichoon Lee Department of Animal Sciences The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Animal Biotechnology Division Rural Development AdministrationNational Institute of Animal ScienceJeonbuk 55365Republic of Korea columbia center for Translational Immunology Columbia University Irving Medical CenterColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10032USA Animal Welfare Research Team National Institute of Animal ScienceRDA1500Kongjwipatjwi‑roJeollabuk‑do 55365Republic of Korea

Background The primary differentially methylated regions(DMRs) which are maternally hypermethylated serve as imprinting control regions(ICRs) that drive monoallelic gene expression, and these ICRs have been investigated due to their implications in mammalian development. Although a subset of genes has been identified as imprinted, in-depth comparative approach needs to be developed for identification of species-specific imprinted genes. Here, we examined DNA methylation status and allelic expression at the KBTBD6 locus across species and tissues and explored potential mechanisms of *** Using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and RNA-sequencing on parthenogenetic and normal porcine embryos, we identified a maternally hypermethylated DMR between the embryos at the KBTBD6 promoter Cp G island and paternal monoallelic expression of KBTBD6. Also, in analyzed domesticated mammals but not in humans, non-human primates and mice, the KBTBD6 promoter Cp G islands were methylated in oocytes and/or allelically methyl-ated in tissues, and monoallelic KBTBD6 expression was observed, indicating livestock-specific imprinting. Further analysis revealed that these Cp G islands were embedded within transcripts in porcine and bovine oocytes which coexisted with an active transcription mark and DNA methylation, implying the presence of transcription-dependent *** In this study, our comparative approach revealed an imprinted expression of the KBTBD6 gene in domesticated mammals, but not in humans, non-human primates, and mice which implicates species-specific evolution of genomic imprinting.

关键词： Differentially methylated region Domesticated mammal Imprinting KBTBD6 Parthenogenetic

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Aldo-keto reductases:Role in cancer development and theranostics

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Oncology Research 2024年第8期32卷 1287-1308页

作者： SIDDAVARAM NAGINI PRATHAP REDDY KALLAMADI KRANTHI KIRAN KISHORE TANAGALA GEEREDDY BHANUPRAKASH REDDY World Neem Organization Mumbai400101India Department of Biochemistry ICMR-National Institute of NutritionHyderabad500007India Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew York10032USA

Aldo-keto reductases(AKRs)are a superfamily of enzymes that play crucial roles in various cellular processes,including the metabolism of xenobiotics,steroids,and carbohydrates.A growing body of evidence has unveiled the involvement of AKRs in the development and progression of various *** are aberrantly expressed in a wide range of malignant *** expression of AKRs enables the acquisition of hallmark traits of cancer by activating oncogenic signaling pathways and contributing to *** have emerged as promising oncotherapeutic targets given their pivotal role in cancer development and *** of aldose reductase(AR),either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs,has evolved as a pragmatic therapeutic option for *** classes of synthetic aldo-keto reductase(AKR)inhibitors have been developed as potential anticancer agents,some of which have shown promise in clinical *** AKR inhibitors from natural sources also exhibit anticancer *** molecule inhibitors targeting speciﬁc AKR isoforms have shown promise in preclinical *** inhibitors disrupt the activation of oncogenic signaling by modulating transcription factors and kinases and sensitizing cancer cells to *** this review,we discuss the physiological functions of human AKRs,the aberrant expression of AKRs in malignancies,the involvement of AKRs in the acquisition of cancer hallmarks,and the role of AKRs in oncogenic signaling,and drug ***,the potential of aldose reductase inhibitors(ARIs)as anticancer drugs is summarized.

关键词： Aldo-keto reductases(AKRs) Aldo-keto reductase(AKR)inhibitors Cancer Drug-resistance Xenobiotics

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Exploring unconventional attributes of red blood cells and their potential applications in biomedicine

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Protein & Cell 2024年第5期15卷 315-330页

作者： Alkmini T.Anastasiadi Vasiliki-Zoi Arvaniti Krystalyn E.Hudson Anastasios G.Kriebardis Constantinos Stathopoulos Angelo D’Alessandro Steven L.Spitalnik Vassilis L.Tzounakas Department of Biochemistry School of MedicineUniversity of Patras26504 PatrasGreece Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew York CityNY 10032USA Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology(HemQcR) Department of Biomedical SciencesSchool of Health&Caring SciencesUniversity of West Attica(UniWA)12243 EgaleoGreece Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus13001 AuroraCOUSA Present address:Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research(IFBR) Biomedical Sciences Research Center“Alexander Fleming”Vari11527 AthensGreece

We need to talk about red blood *** cells are defined as cells containing distinct nuclei and other membranous ***,red blood cells(RBCs)lack a nucleus and organelles—perhaps to limit the generation of reactive oxygen species(Zhang et al.,2011)—and are filled with hemoglobin(Hb).This oxygen carrier is limited to the cytosol by the cell membrane and cytoskeleton,which maintain cellular integrity and deformability as RBCs pass through narrow capillaries(Gratzer,1994)to perform their primary function of gas exchange.

关键词： membranous maintain

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Structure of a histone hexamer bound by the chaperone domains of SPT16 and MCM2

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1305-1307页

作者： Songlin Gan Wen-Si Yang Liting Wei Zhiguo Zhang Rui-Ming Xu Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute for Cancer Genetics Department of Pediatrics and Department of Genetics and DevelopmentColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew York 10032USA School of Life Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China

Dear Editor,The passage of DNA replication forks during eukaryotic cell division disrupts the nucleosomes they encounter,and de novo assembly of nucleosomes onto replicated DNA must take place to restore chromatin ***... 详细信息

关键词： structure nucleosome passage

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Personalized surgical recommendations and quantitative therapeutic insights for patients with metastatic breast cancer: Insights from deep learning

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Cancer Innovation 2024年第3期3卷 65-80页

作者： Enzhao Zhu Linmei Zhang Jiayi Wang Chunyu Hu Qi Jing Weizhong Shi Ziqin Xu Pu Ai Zhihao Dai Dan Shan Zisheng Ai School of Medicine Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina Shanghai Engineering Research center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration Research Institute of StomatologyStomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji university School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Shanghai Fourth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina Shanghai Hospital Development center ShanghaiChina columbia university New YorkNYUSA School of Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandUniversity of Medicine and Health SciencesDublinIreland Department of Biobehavioral Sciences Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA Department of medical Statistics School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina Clinical Research center for Mental Disorders Chinese-German Institute of Mental HealthShanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health CenterSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina

Background:The role of surgery in metastatic breast cancer(MBC)is currently *** novel statistical and deep learning(DL)methods promise to infer the suitability of surgery at the individual ***:The objective of this study was to identify the most applicable DL model for determining patients with MBC who could benefit from surgery and the type of surgery ***:We introduced the deep survival regression with mixture effects(DSME),a semi-parametric DL model integrating three causal inference *** models were trained to make individualized treatment *** who received treatments in line with the DL models'recommendations were compared with those who underwent treatments divergent from the *** probability weighting(IPW)was used to minimize *** effects of various features on surgery selection were visualized and quantified using multivariate linear regression and causal ***:In total,5269 female patients with MBC were *** was an independent protective factor,outperforming other models in recommending surgery(IPW-adjusted hazard ratio[HR]=0.39,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.19–0.78)and type of surgery(IPW-adjusted HR=0.66,95%CI:0.48–0.93).DSME was superior to other models and traditional guidelines,suggesting a higher proportion of patients benefiting from surgery,especially breast-conserving *** debiased effect of patient characteristics,including age,tumor size,metastatic sites,lymph node status,and breast cancer subtypes,on surgery decision was also ***:Our findings suggested that DSME could effectively identify patients with MBC likely to benefit from surgery and the specific type of surgery *** method can facilitate the development of efficient,reliable treatment recommendation systems and provide quantifiable evidence for decision-making.

关键词： breast surgery causal inference deep learning metastatic breast cancer

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Embracing different languages and local differences:Coconstructive patient simulation strengthens host countries’clinical training in psychiatry

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第1期14卷 111-118页

作者： Şafak ErayÇamlı Büşra Ece Yavuz Meliha Feyza Gök Idil Yazgan Yanki Yazgan Ayelet Brand-Gothelf Doron Gothelf Doron Amsalem Andrés Martin Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Bursa UludağUniversity Faculty of MedicineBursa 16059 Turkey Yale university School of Medicine New HavenCT 06510United States Güzel Günler Clinic Beşiktaş/İstanbul 34335 Turkey Child Study center Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06520United States The Feinberg Child Study center Schneider Children's Medical Center of IsraelTel Aviv UniversityPetach Tikvah 4920235Israel The Child Psychiatry Division Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s HospitalSheba Medical CenterTel HashomerRamat Gan 52561Israel Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 6997801Israel Department of Psychiatry Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNY 10032United States

BACKGROUND Global education in psychiatry is heavily influenced by knowledge from Western,high-income countries,which obscures local voices and *** To adapt a human simulation model to psychiatric education in a context that is specific to local languages and *** We conducted an observational study consisting of six human simulation sessions with standardized patients from two host countries,speaking their native languages,and following an adaptation of the co-constructive patient simulation(CCPS)*** local faculty became increasingly familiar with the CCPS approach,they took on the role of facilitators—in their country’s native *** Fifty-three learners participated:19 child and adolescent psychiatry trainees and 3 faculty members in Türkiye(as a group that met online during 3 consecutive months);and 24 trainees and 7 faculty in Israel(divided into 3 groups,in parallel in-person sessions during a single training day).Each of the six cases reflected local realities and clinical challenges,and was associated with specific learning goals identified by each case-writing *** Human simulation has not been fully incorporated into psychiatric education:The creation of immersive clinical experiences and the strengthening of reflective practice are two areas ripe for *** adaptations of CCPS can also strengthen local and regional networks and psychiatric communities of ***,the model can help question and press against hegemonies in psychiatric training that overshadow local expertise.

关键词： Human simulation Standardized patients medical education Psychiatric education Capacity building Local languages

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