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Energy landscape decomposition for cell differentiation with proliferation effect

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National Science Review 2022年第8期9卷 144-152页

作者： Jifan Shi Kazuyuki Aihara Tiejun Li Luonan Chen Research Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems Fudan University International Research Center for neurointelligence The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study The University of Tokyo Key Laboratory of Mathematics and Its Applications (LMAM) and School of Mathematical Sciences Peking University Key Laboratory of Systems Biology Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Life Science and Technology Shanghai Tech University Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology

Complex interactions between genes determine the development and differentiation of cells. We establish a landscape theory for cell differentiation with proliferation effect, in which the developmental process is modeled as a stochastic dynamical system with a birth-death term. We find that two different energy landscapes, denoted U and V, collectively contribute to the establishment of non-equilibrium steady differentiation. The potential U is known as the energy landscape leading to the steady distribution, whose metastable states stand for cell types, while V indicates the differentiation direction from pluripotent to differentiated cells. This interpretation of cell differentiation is different from the previous landscape theory without the proliferation effect. We propose feasible numerical methods and a mean-field approximation for constructing landscapes U and V. Successful applications to typical biological models demonstrate the energy landscape decomposition’s validity and reveal biological insights into the considered processes.

关键词： energy landscape cell differentiation stochastic systems

Neuroscientific Evidence in the Strategic Exploit of the Disabled as a Fighter in the Islamic State

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Journal of Sociology Study 2022年第1期12卷 1-6页

作者： Franco Posa Jessica Leone Valeria Rondinelli Francesco Sclavi Stefano Piazza Franco Iacch neurointelligence(Private Institute of Research in Forensic Neuroscience and Criminology) VareseItaly Independent Researcher Italy

In this paper we aim to address,through an innovative neuroscientific view,a significant recruitment strategy implemented by ISIS targeting individuals with *** use of strategies that reinforce empathy and the encouragement of the belief that one is capable of achieving a given goal,are strategically effective messages in terms of ***-efficacy,which is the set of beliefs the individual holds about his or her own abilities,is another tool used to effectively recruit someone with a *** use of media messages also reinforces the“know how”and the feeling of“being”,that is,recognizing oneself in rewarding *** analyzing the Entertainment-Education method,we identified some elements of persuasive storytelling that even in people with disabilities has led to success in terms of *** innovative multidisciplinary contrast activity with the contribution of neuroscience may therefore be effective in identifying behaviors and recruitment strategies that are effective with people with disabilities.

关键词： Islamic State recruitment disabled terrorism

Predicting future dynamics from short-term time series using an Anticipated Learning Machine

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National Science Review 2020年第6期7卷 1079-1091页

作者： Chuan Chen Rui Li Lin Shu Zhiyu He Jining Wang Chengming Zhang Huanfei Ma Kazuyuki Aihara Luonan Chen School of Data and Computer Science Sun Yat-sen University Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Mathematical Sciences Soochow University Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo International Research Center for neurointelligence The University of Tokyo Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Systems Biology Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Predicting time series has significant practical applications over different disciplines. Here, we propose an Anticipated Learning Machine(ALM) to achieve precise future-state predictions based on short-term but high-dimensional data. From non-linear dynamical systems theory, we show that ALM can transform recent correlation/spatial information of high-dimensional variables into future dynamical/temporal information of any target variable, thereby overcoming the small-sample problem and achieving multistep-ahead predictions. Since the training samples generated from high-dimensional data also include information of the unknown future values of the target variable, it is called anticipated learning. Extensive experiments on real-world data demonstrate significantly superior performances of ALM over all of the existing 12 methods. In contrast to traditional statistics-based machine learning, ALM is based on non-linear dynamics, thus opening a new way for dynamics-based machine learning.

关键词： dynamics-based machine learning delay embedding theory short-term time series prediction dynamics-based data science

Dynamics-based data science in biology

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National Science Review 2021年第5期8卷 16-18页

作者： Jifan Shi Kazuyuki Aihara Luonan Chen International Research Center for neurointelligence The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced StudyThe University of Tokyo Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Life Science and Technology Shanghai Tech University Key Laboratory of Systems Biology Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences

Life science has long been a rich subject for research, and continues to develop at high speed. One of the major aims of life science is to study the mechanisms of various biological processes on the basis of biological big-data. Many statistics-based methods have been proposed to catch the essence by mining such data, including the popular category classification,variables regression, group clustering,statistical comparison, dimensionality reduction, and component analysis.

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Prospects for sociogenomics in avian cooperative breeding and parental care

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Current Zoology 2020年第3期66卷 293-306页

作者： Flavia TERMIGNONI-GARCIA Matthew I.M.LOUDER Christopher N.BALAKRISHNAN Lauren O’CONNELL Scott V.EDWARDS Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA International Research Center for neurointelligence The University of TokyoHongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-0033Japan Department of Biology East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC 27858USA Department of Biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

For the last 40 years,the study of cooperative breeding(CB)in birds has proceeded primarily in the context of discovering the ecological,geographical,and behavioral drivers of *** advent of molecular tools in the early 1990s assisted in clarifying the relatedness of helpers to those helped,in some cases,confirming predictions of kin selection *** for genome-wide analysis of sequence variation,gene expression,and epigenetics promise to add new dimensions to our understanding of avian CB,primarily in the area of molecular and developmental correlates of delayed breeding and dispersal,as well as the ontogeny of achieving parental status in ***,we outline key ways in which modern-omics approaches,in particular genome sequencing,transcriptomics,and epigenetic profiling such as ATAC-seq,can be used to add a new level of ana-lysis of avian *** on recent and ongoing studies of avian social behavior and sociogenom-ics,we review how high-throughput sequencing of a focal species or clade can provide a robust foundation for downstream,context-dependent destructive and non-destructive sampling of spe-cific tissues or physiological states in the field for analysis of gene expression and epigenetics.-Omics approaches have the potential to inform not only studies of the diversification of CB over evolutionary time,but real-time analyses of behavioral interactions in the field or *** of birds represents a new branch in the network of methods used to study CB,and can help clarify ways in which the different levels of analysis of CB ultimately interact in novel and unexpected ways.

关键词： ATAC-seq behavior convergent evolution epigenetics neurobiology phylogeny

Strategies for Countering Freezing in Police Operational Activities

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Journal of Sociology Study 2023年第2期13卷 49-62页

作者： Franco Posa Jessica Leone Francesco Sclavi Nicolas Poncini Christian Musso neurointelligence Private Institute of Research in Forensic Neuroscience and CriminologyVareseItaly Nicolas PonciniChristian Musso Department of Public Security Chiasso Local Police-Region I ChiassoSwitzerland

The term“freezing”refers to an innate defensive reaction characterized by the sudden cessation of all movements(Stote&Fanselow,2004;Eilam,2005).The freezing effect involving a police officer exposes him to a risk to himself and *** and Methods:400 anonymous questionnaires administered to law enforcement personnel in Switzerland were evaluated with the aim of testing their knowledge about the freezing *** addition,semi-structured interviews involving police personnel were *** authors also analyzed two cases of police officers who had experienced *** and Conclusions:From the results obtained,it emerges that freezing is not known to most of the police officers ***,specific and innovative training seems to be *** authors described the brain mechanisms that are involved in *** integrated training modules have been proposed by applying some neuroscientific knowledge,particularly using the potential of mirror *** authors propose a strategy for supporting police officers who have experienced an episode of *** ultimate goal is to provide more scientific tools to protect police officers and civilians.

关键词： freezing police survey

Neural circuit control of innate behaviors

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2022年第3期65卷 466-499页

作者： Wei Xiao Zhuo-Lei Jiao Esra Senol Jiwei Yao Miao Zhao Zheng-Dong Zhao Xiaowei Chen Peng Cao Yu Fu Zhihua Gao Wei L Shen Xiao-Hong Xu Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyZhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain MedicineHangzhou 310058China Institute of Neuroscience State Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyShanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)Singapore 138667Singapore Center for neurointelligence School of MedicineChongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China National Institute of Biological Sciences Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical ResearchTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Boston Children’s Hospital Harvard Medical SchoolBoston02115USA Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma Burnsand Combined InjuryThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038China CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China

All animals possess a plethora of innate behaviors that do not require extensive learning and are fundamental for their survival and *** the advent of newly-developed techniques such as viral tracing and optogenetic and chemogenetic tools,recent studies are gradually unraveling neural circuits underlying different innate ***,we summarize current development in our understanding of the neural circuits controlling predation,feeding,male-typical mating,and urination,highlighting the role of genetically defined neurons and their connections in sensory triggering,sensory to motor/motivation transformation,motor/motivation encoding during these different *** the way,we discuss possible mechanisms underlying binge-eating disorder and the pro-social effects of the neuropeptide oxytocin,elucidating the clinical relevance of studying neural circuits underlying essential innate ***,we discuss some exciting brain structures recurrently appearing in the regulation of different behaviors,which suggests both divergence and convergence in the neural encoding of specific innate *** forward,we emphasize the importance of multi-angle and cross-species dissections in delineating neural circuits that control innate behaviors.

关键词： innate behavior neural circuit feeding social behavior urination

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Psychological Autopsy. A Possible Innovative Revision of the MAPI: Psychological Autopsy Structured on Individual Cases (PASIC)

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Journal of Sociology Study 2021年第5期11卷 211-219页

作者： Franco Posa Jessica Leone Valeria Rondinelli neurointelligence(Private Institute of Research in Forensic Neuroscience and Criminology) VareseItaly

The aim of this research is to propose an innovative technique of the psychological *** to the classic MAPI model,our procedure is structured on each single case by adapting the interview to the environmental circumstances,the socio-cultural characteristics of the subject examined and to the weapon used in the criminal *** believe that this approach improves both confidence and compliance of the interviewee and the chances of obtaining information that could escape a standardized *** one of the cold cases we studied,this new protocol led to the discovery of biological material coming from the crime scene,which had been secretly hidden by the subject for over 50 *** aim of our work was also to coordinate the activity of the interviewer,trying to avoid repetition in the interviews that could lead to an alteration of the answers to the questions *** the first phase,questions with open-ended responses were *** later stages,we asked specifically worded *** were careful not to formulate questions that had already been *** must be emphasized that for each case of psychological autopsy only one operator handled the interview.

关键词： psychological autopsy suicide homicide MAPI PASIC

MATRIEX imaging:multiarea two-photon real-time in vivo explorer

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 156-166页

作者： Mengke Yang Zhenqiao Zhou Jianxiong Zhang Shanshan Jia Tong Li Jiangheng Guan Xiang Liao Bing Leng Jing Lyu Kuan Zhang Min Li Yan Gong Zhiming Zhu Junan Yan Yi Zhou Jian K Liu Zsuzsanna Varga Arthur Konnerth Yuguo Tang Jinsong Gao Xiaowei Chen Hongbo Jia Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology Changchun Institute of OpticsFine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130033China Graduate School University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100039China Brain Research Instrument Innovation Center Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou 215163China Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma Burnsand Combined InjuryThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038China Center for neurointelligence Chongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases Daping HospitalChongqing 400042China Advanced Institute of Brain and Intelligence Guangxi UniversityNanning 530005China Centre for Systems Neuroscience Department of NeurosciencePsychology and BehaviourUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK Institute of Neuroscience Technical University Munich80802 MunichGermany

Two-photon laser scanning microscopy has been extensively applied to study in vivo neuronal activity at cellular and subcellular resolutions in mammalian ***,the extent of such studies is typically confined to a single functional region of the ***,we demonstrate a novel technique,termed the multiarea two-photon real-time in vivo explorer(MATRIEX),that allows the user to target multiple functional brain regions distributed within a zone of up to 12mm in diameter,each with a field of view(FOV)of ~200μm in diameter,thus performing two-photon Ca2+imaging with single-cell resolution in all of the regions *** example,we demonstrate real-time functional imaging of single-neuron activities in the primary visual cortex,primary motor cortex and hippocampal CA1 region of mice in both anesthetized and awake states.A unique advantage of the MATRIEX technique is the configuration of multiple microscopic FOVs that are distributed in three-dimensional space over macroscopic distances(>1 mm)both laterally and axially but that are imaged by a single conventional laser scanning *** particular,the MATRIEX technique can be effectively implemented as an add-on optical module for an existing conventional single-beam-scanning two-photon microscope without requiring any modification to the microscope ***,the MATRIEX technique can be readily applied to substantially facilitate the exploration of multiarea neuronal activity in vivo for studies of brain-wide neural circuit function with single-cell resolution.

关键词： photon readily typically