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Initial evaluations of a Gulf of Mexico/Caribbean ocean forecast system in the context of the Deepwater Horizon disaster

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2015年第4期9卷 605-636页

作者： Edward D. ZARON Patrick J. FITZPATRICK Scott L. CROSS John M. HARDING Frank L. BUB Jerry D. WIGGERT Dong S. KO Yee LAU Katharine WOODARD Christopher N. K. MOOERS Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Portland State University Portland OR 97207 USA Geosystems research Institute Mississippi State University MSU Science & Technology Center Stennis Space Center MS 39529 USA NOAA National Coastal Data Development center Stennis Space Center MS 29412 USA Northern Gulf Institute Mississippi State University MSU Science & Technology Center Stennis Space Center MS 39529 USA unaffiliated retired from the Naval Oceanographic Office Stennis Space Center MS 39522 USA Department of Marine Science University of Southern Mississippi Stennis Space Center MS 39529 USA Oceanography Division Naval Research Laboratory Stennis Space Center MS 39529 USA

In response to the Deepwater Horizon （DwH） oil spill event in 2010, the naval Oceanographic Office deployed a nowcast-forecast system covering the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent Caribbean Sea that was designated Americas Seas, or AMSEAS, which is documented in this manuscript. The DwH disaster provided a challenge to the application of available ocean-forecast capabilities, and also generated a historically large observational dataset. AMSEAS was evaluated by four complementary efforts, each with somewhat different aims and approaches： a university research consortium within an Integrated Ocean Observing System （IOOS） testbed; a petroleum industry consortium, the Gulf of Mexico 3-D Operational Ocean Forecast System Pilot Prediction Project （GOMEX-PPP）; a British Petroleum （BP） funded project at the Northern Gulf Institute in response to the oil spill; and the Navy itself. Validation metrics are presented in these different projects for water temperature and salinity profiles, sea surface wind, sea surface temperature, sea surface height, and volume transport, for different forecast time scales. The validation found certain geographic and time biases/errors, and small but systematic improvements relative to earlier regional and global modeling efforts. On the basis of these positive AMSEAS validation studies, an oil spill transport simulation was conducted using archived AMSEAS nowcasts to examine transport into the estuaries east of the Mississippi River. This effort captured the influences of Hurricane Alex and a non-tropical cyclone off the Louisiana coast, both of which pushed oil into the western Mississippi Sound, illustrating the importance of the atmospheric influence on oil spills such as DwH.

关键词： Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon ocean forecasting skill assessment

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A preliminary study of the variation of phytoplankton absorption coefficients in the northern South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2009年第5期28卷 17-29页

作者： WU Jingyu HONG Huasheng SHANG Shaoling DAI Minhan LEE Zhongping LI Shaojing State Key laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China Department of Oceanography Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China naval research Lab Code 7333 Stennis Space Center MS 39529 USA

The temporal and spatial variabilities of phytoplankton absorption coefficients （a ph （λ）） and their relationships with physical processes in the northern South China Sea were examined, based on in situ data collected from two cruise surveys during May 14 to 25, 2001 and November 2 to 21, 2002. Significant changes in the surface water in a ph values and B/R ratios （a ph （440）/a ph （675）） were observed in May, which were caused by a phytoplankton bloom on the inner shelf stimulated by a large river plume due to heavy precipitation. This is consistent with the observed one order of magnitude elevation of chlorophyll a and a shift from a pico/nano dominated phytoplankton community to one dominated by micro-algae. Enhanced vertical mixing due to strengthened northeast monsoon in November has been observed to result in higher surface a ph （675）（0.002–0.006 m-1 higher） and less pronounced subsurface maximum on the outer shelf/slope in November as compared with that in May. Measurements of a ph and B/R ratios from three transects in November revealed a highest surface a ph （675） immediately outside the mouth of the Zhujiang （Pearl） River Estuary, whereas lower a ph （675） and higher B/R ratios were featured in the outer shelf/slope waters, demonstrating the respective influence of the Zhujiang River plume and the oligotrophic water of the South China Sea. The difference in spectral shapes of phytoplankton absorption （measured by B/R ratios and bathochromic shifts） on these three transects infers that picoprocaryotes are the major component of the phytoplankton community on the outer shelf/slope rather than on the inner shelf. A regional tuning of the phytoplankton absorption spectral model （Carder et al., 1999） was attempted, demonstrating a greater spatial variation than temporal variation in the lead parameter a 0 （λ）. It was thus implicated that region-based parameterization of ocean color remote sensing algorithms in the northern South China Sea was mandatory.

关键词： phytoplankton absorption coefficient variation picoprokaryotes parameterization South China Sea

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Characterization of particle size and settling velocity of cohesive sediments affected by a neutral exopolymer

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International Journal of Sediment research 2012年第4期27卷 473-485页

作者： Xiao-ling TAN Guo-ping ZHANG Hang YIN Allen H.REED Yoko FURUKAWA Graduate research Assistant Department of Civil ＆ Environmental EngineeringLouisiana State University Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Louisiana State University Graduate research Assistant Department of Civil & Environmental EngineeringLouisiana State University research Scientist Seafloor Sciences BranchNaval Research LaboratoryStennis Space Center

In natural waters,exopolymers or extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) exuded by microorganisms interact with clay particles,resulting in the flocculation of clays and hence alteration to the properties of suspended cohesive *** investigate and further understand how neutral EPS affect cohesive sediment transport and the final sediment yield,an experimental study was conducted on laboratory-prepared clay and guar gum(used as an analog for neutral EPS) suspensions to characterize EPS-induced flocculation and the settling velocity of resultant *** different clays consisting of kaolinite,illite,Ca-montmorillonite,and Na-montmorillonite were studied to examine the influence of different layer charges on clay flocculation induced by neutral *** size was determined by a laser particle size analyzer,and settling velocity estimated by analyzing the time-series floc settling images captured by an optical *** indicate that neutral EPS promote clay-EPS flocculation for all four clays with the particle/floc size significantly increased from～0.1-60μm to as large as～600μ***' layer charge has a profound influence on the clay-EPS *** the same floc size,the settling velocity of clay-EPS flocs is typically smaller than that of pure clay flocs,which is attributed to the reduced density of flocs caused by the EPS. However,for flocs of the same composition(*** clay or hybrid clay-EPS mixture),the settling velocity increases with *** fractal dimension of these clay-EPS flocs estimated from settling velocity ranges from 1.39 to 1.47,which are smaller than that of pure clay flocs,indicating that these flocs are less compacted than the pure clay flocs.

关键词： Clay Exopolymer Flocculation Fractal dimension Particle size Settling velocity

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Development and validation of a coastal ocean forecasting system for Puerto Rico and the *** islands

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2018年第3期3卷 223-236页

作者： M.Solano M.Canals S.Leonardi naval research laboratory stennis space center MS 39529-5004 center for Ocean Science and Engineering Department of engineering Sciences and MaterialsCaribbean Coastal Ocean Observing SystemUniversity of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez Dept.Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at DallasTX USA

An ocean forecasting system has been developed for the coastal area of Puerto Rico and the *** *** paper presents the development and validation of the Puerto Rico Operational Regional Ocean Modeling System(PRO-ROMS)developed by the Caribbean Coastal Ocean Observing System(CARICOOS),which aims at improving currently available short-term forecasts of ocean currents for this region,and to resolve sub-mesoscale variability absent from the currently operational regional *** coastal ocean forecasting system is based on the Regional Ocean Modeling System(ROMS),and provides a 3-day forecast of ocean currents,water levels,temperature and *** and lateral boundary conditions are derived from the *** Oceanographic Office(NAVOCEANO)operational AmSeas forecasting system,a 3.6-km resolution application of the regional Navy Coastal Ocean Model(NCOM)that encompasses the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean *** conditions are interpolated from the Navy’s Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System(COAMPS)with the exception of surface stresses,which are computed from a 2-km application of the Weather research and Forecasting(WRF)model used by National centers for Environmental Protection’s(NCEP)National Digital Forecast Database(NDFD).Tidal variability is imposed using ROMS spectral forcing by specifying the harmonic phases and amplitudes from the TPXO global inverse tide solutions at the boundaries and sub-tidal conditions are imposed by filtering out high frequencies of barotropic variables from the lateral boundary conditions interpolated from *** results of sea surface height are validated with NOAA tide gauges,ocean currents are validated with Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers(ADCP)and High Frequency Radars(HFR).Computed statistics show improvement of the ocean current forecast in PRO-ROMS compared to AmSeas,especially at higher frequencies dominated by the tides and in small channels where the bathymetry is

关键词： Ocean modeling Operational oceanography Forecasting

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Twenty-nine million intrinsic Q-factor monolithic microresonators on thin-film lithium niobate

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Photonics research 2024年第8期12卷 I0001-I0006页

作者： XINRUI ZHU YAOWEN HU SHENGYUAN LU HANA KWARNER XUDONG LI YUNXIANG SONG LETÍCIA MAGALHÃES AMIRHASSAN SHAMS-ANSARI ANDREA CORDARO NEIL SINCLAIR MARKO LONČAR John A.Paulson School for Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusetts 02138USA State Key laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science center for Nano-optoelectronics School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China DRS Daylight Solutions San DiegoCalifornia 92127USA

The recent emergence of thin-film lithium niobate(TFLN)has extended the landscape of integrated *** has been enabled by the commercialization of TFLN wafers and advanced nanofabrication of TFLN such as high-quality dry ***,fabrication imperfections still limit the propagation loss to a few dB/m,restricting the impact of this ***,we demonstrate TFLN microresonators with a record-high intrinsic quality(Q)factor of twenty-nine million,corresponding to an ultra-low propagation loss of 1.3 dB/*** present spectral analysis and the statistical distribution of Q factors across different resonator *** work pushes the fabrication limits of TFLN photonics to achieve a Q factor within 1 order of magnitude of the material limit.

关键词： resonator lithium film

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Barotropic boundary conditions and tide forcing in split-explicit high resolution coastal ocean models

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2020年第3期5卷 249-260页

作者： M.Solano M.Canals S.Leonardi naval research laboratory Stennis Space CenterMississippiUnited States UPRM center for Applied Ocean Science and Engineering University of Puerto RicoMayagüezPuerto Rico Caribbean Coastal Ocean Observing System MayagüezPuerto Rico Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at DallasTexasUnited States

A persisting problem in ocean modeling around coastal areas has been the adequate imposition of open boundary conditions,especially in the presence of complex bathymetric features commonly found in shelf *** models with horizontal resolutions of O(1 km)can generate submesoscale current variability not captured by coarser regional models which resolve mesoscale flows approximately in geostrophic and thermal-wind *** practice,higher-resolution systems will provide analyses with enhanced spatial detail but may be less skillful at predicting the evolution of mesoscale *** study aims at assessing the role of open boundary conditions,tidal forcing and tide filtering techniques in a coastal ocean model using a split-explicit time marching scheme with horizontal resolutions of O(1 km)and its effect in coastal sea level dynamics and ocean *** experiments have been performed using the Regional Ocean Modeling System(ROMS)with different uniform horizontal resolution:3.6km,1.2km and *** and lateral boundary conditions are derived from the *** Oceanographic Office(NAVOCEANO)operational AmSeas model forecast,a 3.6-km resolution application of the regional Navy Coastal Ocean Model(NCOM)that encompasses the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean *** conditions are interpolated from the Navy’s Coastal Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System(COAMPS)model with the exception of surface stresses,which are computed from a 2-km application of the Weather research and Forecasting(WRF)model used by National center for Environmental Protection’s(NCEP)National Digital Forecast Database(NDFD).Tidal variability is imposed in two ways:1)by specifying the time evolution of sea level at the open boundaries and 2)spectrally by specifying the harmonic phases and amplitudes from the TPXO global inverse tide solutions at the ***-tidal low frequency conditions are imposed by filtering high frequencies out of the regional NCOM solut

关键词： Ocean modeling Boundary conditions Tides ROMS

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Gamma-ray bursts in the swift-Fermi era

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Frontiers of physics 2013年第6期8卷 661-678页

作者： Neil Gehrels Soebur Razzaque Astrophysics Science Division NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD 20771 USA George Mason University Fairfax VA 22030 USA Resident at space Science Division Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC 20375 USA

Gamma-ray bursts （GRBs） are among the most violent occurrences in the universe. They are pow- erful explosions, visible to high redshift, and thought to be the signature of black hole birth. They are highly luminous events and provide excellent probes of the distant universe. GRB research has greatly advanced over the past 10 years with the results from Swift, Fermi and an active followup community. In this review we survey the interplay between these recent observations and the theoretical models of the prompt GRB emission and the subsequent afterglows.

关键词： gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) Swift Fermi

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Machine learning in geosciences and remote sensing

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第1期7卷 3-10页

作者： David J.Lary Amir H.Alavi Amir H.Gandomi Annette L.Walker Hanson center for space Science University of Texas at Dallas Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Michigan State University BEACON center for the Study of Evolution in Action Michigan State University Aerosol and Radiation Section Naval Research Laboratory

Learning incorporates a broad range of complex procedures. Machine learning（ML） is a subdivision of artificial intelligence based on the biological learning process. The ML approach deals with the design of algorithms to learn from machine readable data. ML covers main domains such as data mining, difficultto-program applications, and software applications. It is a collection of a variety of algorithms（e.g. neural networks, support vector machines, self-organizing map, decision trees, random forests, case-based reasoning, genetic programming, etc.） that can provide multivariate, nonlinear, nonparametric regression or classification. The modeling capabilities of the ML-based methods have resulted in their extensive applications in science and engineering. Herein, the role of ML as an effective approach for solving problems in geosciences and remote sensing will be highlighted. The unique features of some of the ML techniques will be outlined with a specific attention to genetic programming paradigm. Furthermore,nonparametric regression and classification illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of ML for tackling the geosciences and remote sensing problems.

关键词： Machine learning Geosciences Remote sensing Regression Classification

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A 60-year sedimentary record of natural and anthropogenic impacts on Lake Chenghai,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第4期24卷 602-609页

作者： Fengyu Zan Shouliang Huo Beidou Xi Jingtian Zhang Haiqing Liao Yue Wang Kevin M.Yeager School of Environment Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental ScienceBeijing 100012China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Anhui Normal UniversityWuhu 241000China Department of Marine Science University of Southern MississippiStennis Space CenterMS 39529USA

Recent sediments from Lake Chenghai, China, were investigated at high temporal resolution to trace both natural and anthropogenic effects on the lake using total organic carbon （TOC）, total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP）, organic phosphorus （Po）, inorganic phosphorus （Pi） and organic carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes （~13Corg and 615N） in a 137Cs-dated sediment core. The results indicated that the sedimentary record covers the last 60 years, during which the lake had undergone apparent changes in nutrient sources and productivity in response to nutrient loading. Prior to the late 1980s, the nutrient contents in sediments mainly originated from algae and lake productivity was relatively stable. Since the late 1980s, increasing TOC, TN and TP concentrations together with the change of 613Corg and 615N suggested anthropogenic perturbations in nutrient loading and lake productivity. Endogenic nutrients derived from algae and anthropogenic inputs were two important sources of sedimentary nutrients. The anthropogenic nutrients mainly originated from the discharge of industrial wastewater and artificial cultivation of Spirulina after the middle 1980s, and domestic wastewater discharged from Yongsheng County since 1993.

关键词： stable isotope C/N ratio organic matter lake productivity anthropogenic impacts

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Feasibility study of assessing cotton fiber maturity from near infrared hyperspectral imaging technique

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Journal of Cotton research 2023年第4期6卷 266-276页

作者： LIU Yongliang TAO Feifei YAO Haibo KINCAID Russell USDA ARSSouthern Regional Research Center(SRRC)Cotton Structure&Quality Research UnitNew OrleansLA 70124USA Geosystems research Institute Mississippi State UniversityBuilding 1021Stennis Space CenterMS 39529USA

Background Fiber maturity is a key cotton quality property,and its variability in a sample impacts fiber processing and dyeing ***,the maturity is determined by using established protocols in laboratories under a controlled *** is an increasing need to measure fiber maturity using low-cost(in general less than $20000)and small portable *** this study,a laboratory feasibility was performed to assess the ability of the shortwave infrared hyperspectral imaging(SWIR HSI)technique for determining the conditioned fiber maturity,and as a comparison,a bench-top commercial and expensive(in general greater than $60000)near infrared(NIR)instrument was *** Although SWIR HSI and NIR represent different measurement technologies,consistent spectral characteristics were observed between the two instruments when they were used to measure the maturity of the locule fiber samples in seed cotton and of the well-defined fiber samples,*** least squares(PLS)models were established using different spectral preprocessing parameters to predict fiber *** high prediction precision was observed by a lower root mean square error of prediction(RMSEP)(0.518),and greater percentage(97.0%)of samples within the 95% agreement range in the entire NIR region(1000-2500 nm)without the moisture band at 1940 *** SWIR HSI has a good potential for assessing cotton fiber maturity in a laboratory environment.

关键词： Near infrared spectroscopy Near infrared hyperspectral imaging Fiber maturity Seed cotton Partial least squares regression

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