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Machine learning applications in healthcare clinical practice and research

World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第1期13卷 16-21页

作者： Nikolaos-Achilleas Arkoudis Stavros P Papadakos Research Unit of Radiology and Medical Imaging School of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11528Greece 2^(nd)Department of Radiology “Attikon”General University HospitalMedical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensChaidari 12462Greece Department of Gastroenterology Laiko General HospitalNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece

Machine learning(ML)is a type of artificial intelligence that assists computers in the acquisition of knowledge through data analysis,thus creating machines that can complete tasks otherwise requiring human *** its various applications,it has proven groundbreaking in healthcare as well,both in clinical practice and *** this editorial,we succinctly introduce ML applications and present a study,featured in the latest issue of the World Journal of Clinical *** authors of this study conducted an analysis using both multiple linear regression(MLR)and ML methods to investigate the significant factors that may impact the estimated glomerular filtration rate in healthy women with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Their results implicated age as the most important determining factor in both groups,followed by lactic dehydrogenase,uric acid,forced expiratory volume in one second,and *** addition,for the NAFLD-group,the 5th and 6th most important impact factors were thyroid-stimulating hormone and systolic blood pressure,as compared to plasma calcium and body fat for the NAFLD+***,the study's distinctive contribution lies in its adoption of ML methodologies,showcasing their superiority over traditional statistical approaches(herein MLR),thereby highlighting the potential of ML to represent an invaluable advanced adjunct tool in clinical practice and research.

关键词： Machine Learning Artificial Intelligence Clinical Practice Research Glomerular filtration rate Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Medicine

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Carcinosarcoma of the breast:Facing the challenge of a rare nosologic entity

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第2期13卷 14-20页

作者： Aikaterini Mastoraki Maria Tsamopoulou Foivos-Konstantinos Stamatis Alexios Strimpakos Ero Mouchtouri Christiana Panagi Evgenia Mela Sotiria Mastoraki Aristotelis Kechagias Dimitrios Schizas Department of Surgery National and Kapodistrian University of AthensLaikon General HospitalAthens 11527Greece Department of Surgery National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece Department of Medical Oncology Hygeia HospitalAthens 15123Greece Department of Radiology Henry Dunant Hospital CenterAthens 11526Greece Department of Surgery Athens Metropolitan HospitalAthens 15562Greece

Carcinosarcoma(CS),also known as metaplastic breast carcinoma with mesenchymal differentiation,is one of the five distinct subtypes of metaplastic breast *** is considered as a mixed,biphasic neoplasm consisting of a carcinomatous component combined with a malignant nonepithelial element of mesenchymal origin without an intermediate transition *** cellular origin of this neoplasm remains controversial,most researchers declare that neoplastic cells derive from a cellular structure with potential biphasic *** recent research on the therapeutic strategies against CS neoplastic disorders,surgical resection appears the only potentially curative *** CS metastasize by the lymphatic route,axillary assessment with sentinel lymph node biopsy and/or axillary lymph node dissection is always ***,the tumor also presents a hematogenous metastatic pattern including pleural,pulmonary,liver,brain and less commonly bone ***,surgical removal of breast CS does not necessarily ensure patient’s long-term ***,alternative therapies,such as radio-and chemotherapy proved insufficient and 5-year survival rate is ***,there is evidence that following surgery,the combination of radio and chemotherapy is associated with a better prognosis than either treatment *** aim of this review is to evaluate the results of surgical treatment for breast CS with special reference to the extent of its histological *** features,histogenesis,morphological and immunochemical findings are discussed,while the role of current diagnostic and therapeutic management of this aggressive neoplasm is emphasized.

关键词： Carcinosarcoma Breast Diagnostic approach Therapeutic management Prognostic parameters

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Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma:An update on epidemiology,classification,diagnosis and management

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2020年第6期19卷 515-523页

作者： Dimitrios Schizas Aikaterini Mastoraki Eleni Routsi Michail Papapanou Dimitrios Tsapralis Pantelis Vassiliu Konstantinos Toutouzas Evangelos Felekouras First Department of Surgery National and Kapodistrian University of AthensLaikon General HospitalAthensGreece Fourth Department of Surgery National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAttikon University HospitalAthensGreece Surgical Department General Hospital of IerapetraIerapetraGreece First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery National and Kapodistrian University of AthensHippocration HospitalAthensGreece

Background:Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma(CHC)is a rare subtype of primary hepatic malignancies,with variably reported incidence between 0.4%–14.2%of primary liver cancer *** study aimed to systematically review the epidemiological,clinicopathological,diagnostic and therapeutic data for this rare *** sources:We reviewed the literature of diagnostic approach of CHC with special reference to its clinical,molecular and histopathological *** analysis of the recent literature in order to evaluate the results of surgical and systemic treatment of this entity has been ***:The median age at CHC’s diagnosis appears to be between 50 and 75 *** of tumor markers[alpha fetoprotein(AFP),carbohydrate antigen 19–9(CA19–9)and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)]along with imaging patterns provides better opportunities for CHC’s preoperative *** clinicopathologic prognostic parameters possibly correlated with increased tumor recurrence and grimmer survival odds include advanced age,tumor size,nodal and distal metastases,vascular and regional organ invasion,multifocality,decreased capsule formation,stem-cell features verification and increased GGT as well as CA19–9 and CEA *** case of inoperable or recurrent disease,combinations of cholangiocarcinoma-directed systemic agents display superior results over ***-directed methods,such as transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),percutaneous ethanol injection(PEI),hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy(HAIC),radioembolization and ablative therapies,demonstrate inferior efficacy than in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)due to CHC’s common ***:CHC demonstrates an overlapping clinical and biological pattern between its malignant *** history of the disease seems to be determined by the predominant tumor *** standard for diagnosis is histology of surgical *** therapeutic int

关键词： Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma Classification Diagnostic approach Therapeutic management

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma:Clinical challenges of an intriguing link

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第3期28卷 310-331页

作者： Lampros Chrysavgis Ilias Giannakodimos Panagiota Diamantopoulou Evangelos Cholongitas Department of Experimental Physiology National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece First Department of Internal Medicine "Laiko"General Hospital of AthensNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has emerged as the most common liver disorder worldwide mainly attributed to the epidemic spread of obesity and type 2 diabetes *** it is considered a benign disease,NAFLD can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Most data regarding the epidemiology of NAFLD-related HCC are derived from cohort and population studies and show that its incidence is increasing as well as it is likely to emerge as the leading indication for liver transplantation,especially in the Western *** cirrhosis constitutes the main risk factor for HCC development,in patients with NAFLD,HCC can arise in the absence of cirrhosis,indicating specific carcinogenic molecular *** NAFLD as an underlying liver disease for HCC is often underdiagnosed due to lack of sufficient surveillance in this population,NAFLDHCC patients are at advanced HCC stage at the time of diagnosis making the management of those patients clinically challenging and affecting their prognostic *** this current review,we summarize the latest literature on the epidemiology,other than liver cirrhosis-pathogenesis,risk factors and prognosis of NAFLD-HCC ***,we emphasize the prevention of the development of NAFLD-associated HCC and we provide some insight into the open questions and issues regarding the appropriate surveillance policies for those patients.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Hepatocellular carcinoma Epidemiology Risk factors Surveillance Risk stratification

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Laplacians and Spectrum for Singular Foliations

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2014年第5期35卷 679-690页

作者： Iakovos ANDROULIDAKIS national and kapodistrian university of athens Department of Mathematics Panepistimiopolis GR15784 Athens Greece

The author surveys Connes' results on the longitudinal Laplace operator along a(regular) foliation and its spectrum, and discusses their generalization to any singular foliation on a compact manifold. Namely, it is proved that the Laplacian of a singular foliation is an essentially self-adjoint operator(unbounded) and has the same spectrum in every(faithful) representation, in particular, in L2 of the manifold and L2 of a *** author also discusses briefly the relation of the Baum-Connes assembly map with the calculation of the spectrum.

关键词： Laplacian Singular foliation Holonomy

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Apolipoprotein E elicits targetdirected miRNA degradation to maintain neuronal integrity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2577-2578页

作者： Jiazi Tan Chin-Tong Ong Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory National University of SingaporeSingapore Department of Biological Sciences National University of SingaporeSingapore

Apolipoprotein E has diverse functions in neurons:Apolipoprotein E(ApoE)is a glycoprotein that primarily regulates lipid metabolism and transport in the central nervous *** are three predominant human ApoE protein isoforms with cysteine and arginine substitutions at amino acid positions 112 and 158 that impact their lipidation and related functions(Flowers and Rebeck,2020).ApoE2 is characterized by Cys112 and Cys158,ApoE3 by Cys112 and Arg158,whereas ApoE4 contains Arg112 and Arg158.

关键词： metabolism glycoprotein maintain

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The impact of combined oral contraceptives on ocular tissues:a review of ocular effects

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第10期10卷 1604-1610页

作者： Marilita M.Moschos Eirini Nitoda Department of Ophthalmology Medical SchoolNational & Kapodistrian University of Athens

The aim of this manuscript is to review the action and adverse effects of combined oral contraceptives（COCs）on ocular *** percentage of unwanted pregnancies and the subsequent abortions make contraception crucial *** 100 million women around the world use common contraceptive methods,including intrauterine devices,combined estrogen and progestin oral contraceptives,as well as progestin only preparations（oral contraceptives,implants or injections）.COCs are widely used for contraception,but they are also indicated in menorrhagia,endometriosis,acne and hirsutism,fibroid uterus and premenstrual ***,they have been associated with high rates of cardiovascular events,venous thromboembolic disease,ischemic strokes and breast *** incidence of COCs-related ocular complications is estimated to be 1 in 230 000,including dry eye symptoms,corneal edema,lens opacities and retinal neuro-ophthalmologic or vascular *** may infer that the serious ocular complications of COCs can be prevented by eliminating the estrogen dosage and choosing third-generation *** any case,doctors should take into consideration the systemic and ocular history of the patients before selecting any method of contraception.

关键词： adverse effects ocular complications oral contraceptives

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Recovery of the injured neural system through gene delivery to surviving neurons in Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2855-2861页

作者： Chanchal Sharma Sehwan Kim Hyemi Eo Sang Ryong Kim School of Life Science Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group Kyungpook national university DaeguKorea Brain Science and Engineering Institute Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea

A critical unaddressed problem in Parkinson’s disease is the lack of therapy that slows or hampers *** medications effectively manage symptoms,they offer no long-term benefit because they fail to address the underlying neuronal *** highlights that the elusive goals of halting progression and restoring damaged neurons limit the long-term impact of current *** clinical trials using gene therapy have demonstrated the safety of various vector delivery systems,dosages,and transgenes expressed in the central nervous system,signifying tangible and substantial progress in applying gene therapy as a promising Parkinson’s disease ***,at diagnosis,many dopamine neurons remain in the substantia nigra,offering a potential window for recovery and *** propose that modulating these surviving dopamine neurons and axons in the substantia nigra and striatum using gene therapy offers a potentially more impactful therapeutic approach for future ***,innovative gene therapies that focus on preserving the remaining elements may have significant potential for enhancing long-term outcomes and the quality of life for patients with Parkinson’s *** this review,we provide a perspective on how gene therapy can protect vulnerable elements in the substantia nigra and striatum,offering a novel approach to addressing Parkinson’s disease at its core.

关键词： adeno-associated virus gene therapy neuroprotection neurorestoration neurotrophic factor nigrostriatal dopamine pathway pro-survival protein

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Sedimentary facies analysis of a high-frequency,small-scale,peritidal carbonate sequence in the Lower Jurassic of the Tripolis carbonate unit (central western Crete,Greece):Long-lasting emergence and fossil laminar dolocretes horizons

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2016年第3期5卷 241-257页

作者： Fotini A.Pomoni Vassilis Karakitsios Section of Historical Geology and Paleontology Department of Geology and GeoenvironmentNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens

Abstract The study examines a Lower Jurassic （late Liassic） cyclic lagoonal-peritidal stratigraphic unit outcropping in central western Crete （Tripolis unit）, which corresponds to the eastern （internal） part of the mainland Gavrovo-Tripotis platform, the most significant external platform of the Hetlenides. The studied Tripolis carbonate sequence consists of meter-scale, shallowing-upward successions of restricted inner- carbonate platform facies, including cyclically repeated subtidal, intertidal and supratidal facies, that are separated by erosion surfaces （elementary cycles）. Each cycle starts with relatively open-marine facies, which are overlain by shallower, more restricted facies （tidal fiat progradation）. The lithofacies association includes dotomitic intraclastic-peloidal-bioclastic wackestones-packstones/floatstones and grainstones/rudstones dominated by a restricted shallow-marine fauna （bivalves, gastropods, ostracods and seldom benthic fora- minifers）, representing a shaUow subtidal to intertidal, moderately high-energy environment within an inner- platform setting （peritidal environment to restricted lagoon）. This lithofacies association has been intermit- tently subaeriaUy exposed and has undergone diagenetic processes in an inter- or supratidal environment, exhibiting features of vadose diagenesis and pedogenesis due to long-lasting exposure along certain horizons. The peritidat facies are capped by dolocretes controlled by root-activities （laminar dolocretes, petoi- dat-pisoid dolocretes and massive dotocretes）, marking the end of each depositional cycle, and, thus, dis- tinguishing the successive episodes of a prolonged subaerial exposure period and birth of pateosol horizons. Dotocretes consist a diagenetic facies, characterized by several vadose and pedogenic fabrics, including fenestral cavities with geopetal structures, ＂flower spar＂ to blocky sparry cement in primary pores, micritic coatings, crudely pelleted watts, atveotar-septat texture, in

关键词： External Heltenides Lower Jurassic Tripotis carbonate unit Peritidat environment Cyclo-thems Penesaline dolomites Dotocrete horizons "flower spar" dolomite cement

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Targeted nanopore sequencing for the identification of novel PRMT1 circRNAs unveils a diverse transcriptional profile of this gene in breast cancer cells

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第2期11卷 589-592页

作者： Maria Papatsirou Andreas Scorilas Diamantis C.Sideris Christos K.Kontos Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology National and Kapodistrian University of AthensPanepistimiopolisAthens GR 15701Greece

Long-read sequencing with nanopore technology has been widely utilized for the identification of the full-length sequence of RNA molecules."It is especially suitable for the identification of circular RNAs(circRNAs),which are regulatory molecules that are regarded as promising non-invasive biomarkers for various human malignancies,including breast cancer.2 The impact of circRNAs derived from the protein arginine methyltransferase 1(PRMT1)gene has not been clarified yet,even though the effect of PRMT1-mediated methylation on breast cancer cell characteristics has been well established.

关键词： PRMT1 breast cancer

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