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Opportunistic infection of Aspergillus and bacteria in captive Cape vultures (Gyps coprotheres)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013年第5期3卷 401-406页

作者： Stephen Chege Judith Howlett Majid Al Qassimi Arshad Toosy Joerg Kinne Vincent Obanda Life Sciences Department Al Ain Wildlife Park and Resort Central veterinary Research laboratories veterinary services Department Kenya Wildlife Service

Objective:To describe clinical signs,pathology,diagnosis and treatment of Cape vultures in which Aspergillus fumigatus(***)and mixed species of bacteria were ***:Six Cape vultures sourced from South Africa for exhibition at Al Ain Zoo developed illness manifesting as anorexia,dyspnea,polyuria and *** vultures died manifesting"pneumonia-like syndrome".These three vultures were necropsied and gross lesions recorded,while organ tissues were collected for *** organs were swabbed for bacteriology and *** live vultures,blood was collected for hematology and biochemistry,oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected for mycology and ***:*** was isolated from the three dead vultures and two live ones that eventually *** of the dead vulture and two live vultures were co-infected with *** and mixed species of bacteria that included Clostridium perfringens,Pseudomonas,Staphylococcus,Escherichia,Proteus,Enterococcus and *** of the Cape vulture and a Lappetfaced vulture,however,were free of Aspergillus or bacterial *** necropsy,intestinal hemorrhages were observed and the lungs were overtly congested with granulomas present on caudal air *** examinations demonstrated granulomatous lesions that were infiltrated by mononuclear cells and giant ***:Aspergillosis is a persistent threat to captive birds and we recommend routine health assessments so that early diagnosis may prompt early *** is likely that prompt prophylaxis by broad spectrum antibiotics and antifungals medication contributed to the survival of some of the vultures.

关键词： Aspergillosis Cape vultures Wild birds Aspergillus Bacteria

A Duplex Real-Time PCR Assay for the Simultaneous Detection of Porcine Circovirus 2 and Circovirus 3

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Virologica Sinica 2018年第2期33卷 181-186页

作者： Xiangdong Li Mingming Qiao Ming Sun Kegong Tian national Research Center for veterinary Medicine High-Tech District Luoyang 471003 China Beijing Anheal laboratories Co. Ltd. Beijing 100094 China College of Animal Science and veterinary Medicine Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 China

Porcine circoviruses(PCV) include PCV1, PCV2, and the new-emerging PCV3. PCV2 is pathogenic to pigs, but the pathogenicity of PCV3 in pigs is debatable. Recently, there have been frequent reports of PCV2 and PCV3 co-infections in clinical samples. Thus, it would be practical to develop a duplex PCR method to detect PCV2 and PCV3 simultaneously. In this study, specific primers and probes were designed to target PCV2 cap and PCV3 rep genes. A duplex real-time PCR method was then developed to detect the two viruses. The assay was found to be highly specific, sensitive, and reproducible for PCV2/3 without cross-reactions with other swine pathogens. The sensitivity of this assay was 2.9 copies for the PCV2 plasmid and 22.5 copies for the PCV3 plasmid. The established assay was then used to detect PCV2/3 infection in 340 clinical samples collected in the first half of 2017. The results showed that the co-infection rate of PCV2/3 in the samples was 27.6%. Our study provides an important tool that can be used to perform urgently needed surveys for the two porcine circoviruses to evaluate their impact on the swine industry.

关键词： Porcine circovirus 2(PCV2) Porcine circovirus 3(PCV3) Co-infection Real-time PCR

A Molecular Approach for Genotyping of Hepatitis B Virus Using Restriction Pattern Analysis of S Amplicon in Pakistan

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2012年第1期2卷 16-23页

作者： Nazish Badar Umer Farooq Shafaqat Ali Nadia Nisar Muhammad Abubakar Javed Anwar Qureshi national veterinary laboratories Islamabad Pakistan

Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the major etiological agent causing acute and chronic liver disease worldwide with significant morbidity and mortality. The high genetic variability of HBV is reflected by eight genotypes (A to H), each with a particular geographical prevalence. The global pattern of HBV genotypes is associated with the distribution of human population among the different continents and reflects the patterns of human migrations. Objectives This study was conducted with following objectives: 1) To study the prevalence of HBV genotype in Pakistani population;2) To assess that the RFLP system is simple, rapid and standardized way of identifying HBV genotype. Study Design & Method In cross-sectional study design a total of 255 HBV ELISA positive samples were studied in order to identify the most prevalent genotypes in Pakistan. These HBV related patients visited various hospitals in Pakistan at Faisalabad, Lahore and Islamabad. Among these samples, 214 were PCR positive and rest 41 were PCR negative for HBV. S-gene of HBV PCR positive samples was amplified by regular (first round) and nested PCR (second round). Second-round PCR products were digested by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). This was carried out using five restriction enzymes (HphI, NciI, AlwI, EarI and NlaIV) that identified the genotype-specific sequences. Results & Conclusion Among (214) PCR positive samples only genotype C and D were identified in local population with 21 cases (9.81%) of genotype C and 195 (91.1%) of genotype D. Hence, the algorithm adopted in this study can be used to identify various HBV genotypes.

关键词： Hepatitis B Virus HBV Genotypes Surface Antigen Subtypes

Environmental temperatures,physiology and behavior limit the range expansion of invasive Burmese pythons in southeastern USA

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第3期7卷 271-285页

作者： Elliott R.JACOBSON David G.BARKER Tracy M.BARKER Richard MAULDIN Michael L.AVERY Richard ENGEMAN Stephen SECOR College of veterinary Medicine University of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida Vida Preciosa International(VPI) BoerneTexas US Department of Agriculture Wildlife ServicesNational Wildlife Research CenterFort CollinsColorado US Department of Agriculture Wildlife ServicesNational Wildlife Research CenterGainesvilleFlorida Department of Biological Sciences University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabamaUSA

A well-established population of Burmese pythons resides in the Everglades of southern *** in part by a report that identified much of southern USA as suitable habitat for expansion or establishment of the Burmese python,we examined the plausibility of this snake to survive winters at sites north of the *** integrated daily low and high temperatures recorded from October to February from 2005-2011 at Homestead,Orlando and Gainesville,Florida;and Aiken,South Carolina,with minimum temperatures projected for python digestion(16℃),activity(5℃)and survival(0℃).Mean low and high temperatures decreased northward from Homestead to Aiken and the number of days of freezing temperatures increased *** was impaired or inhibited for 2 months in the Everglades and up to at least 5 months in Aiken,and activity was increasingly limited northward during these *** of overwinter survivorship document that a single bout of low and freezing temperatures results in python *** capacity for Burmese pythons to successfully overwinter in more temperate regions of the USA is seemingly prohibited because they lack the behaviors to seek refuge from,and the physiology to tolerate,cold *** tropical Southeast Asia is the source of the Everglades Burmese pythons,we predict it is unlikely that they will be able to successfully expand to or colonize more temperate areas of Florida and adjoining states due to their lack of behavioral and physiological traits to seek refuge from cold temperatures.

关键词： ambient temperature Burmese python invasion snake thermal tolerance

Factors affectingin-vivo fertility of crossbred Egyptian - Italian buffalo semen

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2017年第6期6卷 264-267页

作者： GA El-Sisy KGhM Mahmoud AAE El-sokary MF Nawito YF Ahmed Department of Animal Reproduction and A.I. National Research CenterDokkiGizaEgypt General Organization for veterinary services DokkiEgypt

Objective:To assess the effect of region, season and year of insemination onin-vivo fertility of Italian-Egyptian crossbred buffalo ***: A total number of 4799 female buffaloes were inseminated by frozen semen with at least 50% post-thaw motility of Egyptian-Italian crossbred bulls in three localities in Delta, lower Egypt (El-Behira, El-Sharkia and Damietta) during the period of 2013, 2014 and 2015. The pregnancy rate after two months was evaluated during the four ***:The rate of pregnancy was significantly (P<0.0001) differ among the three localities. The effect of year of insemination on pregnancy rate was significantly higher during 2014 and 2015 than 2013 in El-Sharkia and El-Behira. But in Damietta, the rate of pregnancy was significantly higher in 2014 than 2013 and 2015. There were no significant differences among seasons in El-Behira and Damietta governorates but there was significant (P<0.05) differences in pregnancy rate in El-Sharkia. It was higher in summer, spring and autumn than in ***:Localities, year of insemination and season of the year have effects on fertility of crossbred Egyptian-Italian buffalo semen.

关键词： Artificial insemination Pregnancy rate Egyptian-Italian crossbred Buffalo bull

The aggressive invasion of exotic reptiles in Florida with a focus on prominent species： A review

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Current Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 599-612页

作者： Richard ENGEMAN Elliott JACOBSON Michael L. AVERY Walter E. MESHAKA, Jr. USDA/APHIS/Wildlife services/national Wildlife Research Ctr 4101 LaPorte Ave. Fort Collins CO 80521-2154 USA College of veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA USDA/APHIS/Wildlife services/national Wildlife Research Ctr 2820 East University Ave. Gainesville FL 32641 USA The State Museum of Pennsylvania 300 North Street Harrisburg Pennsylvania 17120 USA

Florida, along with Hawaii, has among the two worst invasive species problems in the USA, and the state is espe-cially susceptible to establishment by alien reptiles. Besides the large numbers of established non-native reptile species in Florida, many of these species present novel difficulties for management, or have other characteristics making effective management ex-tremely challenging. Moreover, initiation of management action requires more than recognition by experts that a potentially harmful species has become established. It also requires the political will along with concomitant resources and appropriate per-sonnel to develop effective methods and apply them. We review the situation in Florida, including assessment of risk for estab- lishment, and we use a subset of prominent species to illustrate in more detail the array of invasive reptile species circumstances in Florida, including routes of introduction, impacts, and potential and implemented management actions. These examples not only highlight the severity of the invasive reptile problems in the state, but they also show the diversity in resolve and response towards them and the motivating factors [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 599-612, 2011].

关键词： Argentine black and white tegus Biophysical ecology Burmese pythons Control Green and spiny-tailed iguanas,Invasive species Nile monitors Northern curlytail lizards

Re-emergence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 in Nigeria,2014–2016:Role of Social Network and Value Chain Forces in Interstate Transmission

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Virologica Sinica 2020年第4期35卷 494-498页

作者： Daniel Oladimeji Oluwayelu Clement Adebajo Meseko Adekunle Bamidele Ayinmode Adebowale Idris Adebiyi Mike Aneshimi Lawani Florence Omonele Kakulu Department of veterinary Microbiology University of IbadanIbadan 200284Nigeria Centre for Control and Prevention of Zoonoses(CCPZ) University of IbadanIbadan 200284Nigeria Virology Department National Veterinary Research InstituteVom 930103Nigeria Department of veterinary Parasitology and Entomology University of IbadanIbadan 200284Nigeria Gestational Diabetes Society of Nigeria Mother and Child Hospital AnnexAkure 340282Nigeria Department of veterinary and Pest Control services Federal Ministry of AgricultureAbuja 900247Nigeria

Dear Editor,Since 2004,high pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)due to H5N1 virus among others has caused a major veterinary health crisis,resulting in the loss of millions of poultry through death or culling in several c... 详细信息

关键词： H5N1 poultry Avian

Effect of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin enriched extenders on the quality of pre- frozen and frozen buffalo semen

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2022年第3期11卷 146-152页

作者： Asmaa A.Mostafa Mohamed S.El-Belely Sayed T.Ismail Reda I.El-Sheshtawy Mohamed I.Shahba Abassia Frozen Semen Center General Organization for Veterinary ServicesCairoEgypt Department of Theriogenology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineCairo UniversityGizaEgypt Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination National Research CentreDokkiGizaEgypt

Objective:To investigate the effects of non-permeable cryoprotectant,cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin,when added at different concentrations into cooled and frozen-thawed semen extended with Tris-citrate-fructose egg yolk glycerol and lecithin-based ***:A total of 40 ejaculates from four buffalo bulls were collected using artificial *** were extended with one of Tris-citrate-fructose egg yolk glycerol and lecithin-based extenders which contained different concentrations[0(control),0.75,1.50,2.25 and 3.00 mg/mL]of cholesterol-loaded *** extended semen samples were cooled to 5曟and then frozen slowly to-196曟in 0.25 mL ministraws before being stored in liquid nitrogen pending its *** motility,live sperm,normal sperm morphology,sperm membrane integrity and acrosome morphology were ***:Supplementation of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin improved progressive motility,viability,morphology and acrosome as well as plasma membrane integrities at 1.50-2.25 mg/mL depending upon types of used extenders and stages of pre-and post-freezing process(P<0.01).The best concentration was 1.50 mg/mL at pre-freeze stage and 2.25 mg/mL at ***,greater concentration(3.00 mg/mL)of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin had a detrimental effect compared to the control group with the two evaluated extenders(P<0.01).Conclusions:Cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin supplementation at 1.50-2.25 mg/mL concentration could improve pre-frozen and post-thawed buffalo sperm *** most suitable concentration is 1.50 mg/mL at pre-freeze stage and 2.25 mg/mL at post-freezing.

关键词： Buffalo Semen Tris Cooling Cryopreservation Cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin Semen evaluation

Impact of replacing egg yolk with lecithin on quality of pre-freeze and post-thaw buffalo spermatozoa

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2018年第6期7卷 254-260页

作者： Asmaa A.Mostafa Mohamed.S.El-Belely Sayed.T.Ismail Reda.I.El-Sheshtawy Mohamed I.Shahba Abassia Frozen Semen Center General Organization for Veterinary ServicesCairoEgypt Department of Theriogenology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineCairo UniversityGizaEgypt Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination Department National Research CentreDokkiGizaEgypt

Objective:To estimate the result of egg yolk replacement with alternative cryopreservatives such as plant-derived lecithin from soybean on sperm quality parameters pre and post freezing in buffalo ***: The control cryopreservation extender was tris-citric acid-fructose-egg yolk-glycerol (TCFYG) diluent. Semen samples were extended gradually 1:10 with TCFYG control extender and tris-citric acid-fructose-glycerol (TCFG) extender plus variable concentrations of soybean lecithin (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0%) to ensure 60 million active spermatozoa/mL of the extended semen. The diluted semen samples were refrigerated slowly (roughly for 2 h) up to 5℃ and equilibrated for 2 h. Semen was filled into 0.25 mL polyvinyl French straws (IMV, France). After equilibration period, the straws were placed horizontally on a rack and frozen in a vapor 4 cm above liquid nitrogen for 10 min and were then dipped stored in liquid nitrogen at -196℃. Results:The respective overall percentages of forward motile spermatozoa, live spermatozoa, morphologically normal spermatozoa, acrosome integrity and hypo-osmotic swelling reactivity observed primarily in fresh semen, after equilibration (pre-freeze stage) and post freezing (post-thaw stage) in TCFYG (control) extended semen declined progressively and statically (P<0.01) during these periods of study. Pre-freezing stage: replacement of egg yolk into TCFG with soybean lecithin at concentrations of 1.0% and 1.5% significantly (P<0.01) ameliorated the maintenance of (motility, viability, acrosome and membrane integrity %), meanwhile it had significantly (P<0.01) reduced the abnormality % of spermatozoa to the lowest value compared to control TCFYG and to some other concentrations in use. Post-thaw stage: the replacement of egg yolk with 1.0% soybean lecithin (SL) showed significantly (P<0.01) higher percentage of sperm progressive motility compared to 1.5% SL and TCFYG control. These values were significantly (P<0.01) higher t

关键词： Buffalo Semen Preservation Soybean lecithin