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Incidence and Mortality of Cancers in Female Genital Organs—China,2022

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China CDC weekly 2024年第10期6卷 195-202,I0003,I0004页

作者： Kexin Sun Bingfeng Han Hongmei Zeng Shaoming Wang Li Li Ru Chen Rongshou Zheng Wenqiang Wei national Central Cancer Registry National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina

Introduction:This study presented the incidence and mortality rates of cancers affecting the female genital organs in China,along with their trends spanning from 2010 to 2018.Methods:700 population-based cancer registries provided relevant cancer incidence and mortality data for the year 2018.Among these,106 registries had continuous monitoring data suitable for trend analysis from 2010 to 2018.We focused specifically on cancers affecting female genital organs(ICD10=C51-C54,C56)and projected their incidences and mortalities in China for 2022 based on data from 2018 and the trends observed from 2010 to 2018.Age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)and mortality rate(ASMR)were calculated using Segi’s world standard population.Results:In 2022,there were an estimated 296,300 new cases and 104,900 deaths from female cancers in China.ASIRs for vulva(C51),vagina(C52),cervix uteri(C53),corpus uteri(C54),and ovary(C56)were 0.32,0.23,13.83,6.84,and 5.68 per 100,000 population.ASIRs for corpus uteri and ovary cancers were higher in urban areas.ASMRs for vulva,vagina,cervix,corpus uteri,and ovary cancers were 0.14,0.08,4.54,1.05,and 2.64 per 100,000 population,respectively.ASMR for ovarian cancer was higher in urban areas.ASIRs and ASMRs for most female genital organ cancers increased from 2010 to 2018,although the rate of increase for vulvar and cervical cancers in rural areas has slowed recently.Conclusions:Tailored cancer prevention and control programs specific to each region are necessary to address the growing disease burden.

关键词： ICD10 mortality organs

Temporal and Spatial Trends in HIV Positivity Rate for VCT Clinics—China,2015–2022

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China CDC weekly 2024年第1期6卷 6-11页

作者： Yi Liu Rong Su Dongmin Li Shaorong Wang Mengjie Han national center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Introduction:Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)voluntary counseling and testing(VCT)clinics play a critical role in identifying and diagnosing HIV cases.This study aimed to describe the trend of HIV positivity rate(HPR)among Chinese VCT clinics between 2015 and 2022.Methods:This study utilized data from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention to analyze the trend in the HPR for VCT clinics from 2015 to 2022.The HPR was calculated by dividing the number of newly-reported HIV cases by the number of HIV tests,multiplied by 100%.To identify temporal and spatial trends in the HPR,we employed joinpoint regression analysis and the Getis-Ord hotspot analysis.Results:From 2015 to 2022,VCT clinics in China performed a total of 22,075,386 HIV tests,leading to the identification of 260,353 HIV cases,resulting in a HPR of 1.18%.The HPR consistently declined over the study period,with an average annual percent change(AAPC)of−7.5%(95%confidence interval:−12.6%,−2.2%,P<0.05).The number of HPR hotspots also decreased from 41 in 2015 to 23 in 2022.These HPR hotspots were primarily located in Yunnan,Sichuan,Guangdong,and Guangxi provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs).Among the 31 PLADs,16 showed a significant decrease in HPR during the study period(AAPC<0,PAAPC<0.05).Conclusions:VCT clinics in China have played a significant role in identifying HIV cases.The declining HPR observed in these clinics may indicates the progress has been made in some degree in mitigating HIV among high-risk populations.Therefore,it is crucial to further improving the utilization of VCT clinics for HIV testing.

关键词： VCT dividing Spatial

Development and validation of a novel non-invasive test for diagnosing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese children

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期20卷 413-421页

作者： Zhe-Wen Qin Qian-Nan Ren Hong-Xi Zhang Ya-Ru Liu Ke Huang Wei Wu Guan-Ping Dong Yan Ni Jun-Fen Fu Division of Endocrinology National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthNational Children’s Regional Medical CenterThe Children’s HospitalDepartment of EndocrinologyNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthNational Children’s Regional Medical CenterThe Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310052China

With the exploding prevalence of obesity,many children are at risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Using anthropometric and laboratory parameters,our study aimed to develop a model to quantitatively evaluate liver fat content(LFC)in children with obesity.Methods A well-characterized cohort of 181 children between 5 and 16 years of age were recruited to the study in the Endocrinology Department as the derivation cohort.The external validation cohort comprised 77 children.The assessment of liver fat content was performed using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Anthropometry and laboratory metrics were measured in all subjects.B-ultrasound examination was carried out in the external validation cohort.The Kruskal-Wallis test,Spearman bivariate correlation analyses,univariable linear regressions and multivariable linear regression were used to build the optimal predictive model.Results The model was based on indicators including alanine aminotransferase,homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance,triglycerides,waist circumference and Tanner stage.The adjusted R^(2)of the model was 0.589,which presented high sensitivity and specificity both in internal[sensitivity of 0.824,specificity of 0.900,area under curve(AUC)of 0.900 with a 95%confidence interval:0.783–1.000]and external validation(sensitivity of 0.918 and specificity of 0.821,AUC of 0.901 with a 95%confidence interval:0.818–0.984).Conclusions Our model based on five clinical indicators was simple,non-invasive,and inexpensive;it had high sensitivity and specificity in predicting LFC in children.Thus,it may be useful for identifying children with obesity who are at risk for developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

关键词： Biochemical markers Children Magnetic resonance spectroscopy Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Pediatric obesity

Recent progress in functional modification and crosslinking of bioprosthetic heart valves

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2024年第1期3卷 1-16页

作者： Cheng Zheng Li Yang Yunbing Wang national Engineering Research center for Biomaterials Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China

Valvular heart disease(VHD),clinically manifested as stenosis and regurgitation of native heart valve,is one of the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases with high mortality.Heart valve replacement surgery has been recognized as golden standard for the treatment of VHD.Owing to the clinical application of transcatheter heart valve replacement technic and the excellent hemodynamic performance of bioprosthetic heart valves(BHVs),implantation of BHVs has been increasing over recent years and gradually became the preferred choice for the treatment of VHD.However,BHVs might fail within 10-15 years due to structural valvular degeneration(SVD),which was greatly associated with drawbacks of glutaraldehyde crosslinked BHVs,including cytotoxicity,calcification,component degradation,mechanical failure,thrombosis and immune response.To prolong the service life of BHVs,much effort has been devoted to overcoming the drawbacks of BHVs and reducing the risk of SVD.In this review,we summarized and analyzed the research and progress on:(i)modification strategies based on glutaraldehyde crosslinked BHVs and(ii)nonglutaraldehyde crosslinking strategies for BHVs.

关键词： bioprosthetic heart valves modification crosslinking anticalcification antithrombosis

The evolution of cancer genomic medicine in Japan and the role of the national Cancer center Japan

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第1期21卷 29-44页

作者： Teruhiko Yoshida Yasushi Yatabe Ken Kato Genichiro Ishii Akinobu Hamada Hiroyuki Mano Kuniko Sunami Noboru Yamamoto Takashi Kohno Department of Genetic Medicine and Services National Cancer Center HospitalTokyo 104-0045Japan Department of Diagnostic Pathology National Cancer Center HospitalTokyo 104-0045Japan Clinical Research Support Offce Clinical Research Coordinating SectionBiobank Translational Research Support SectionNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyo 104-0045Japan Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories National Cancer Center Hospital EastChiba 277-8577Japan Division of Molecular Pharmacology National Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyo 104-0045Japan national Cancer center Research Institute Tokyo 104-0045Japan Department of Laboratory Medicine National Cancer Center HospitalTokyo 104-0045Japan Department of Experimental Therapeutics National Cancer Center HospitalTokyo 104-0045Japan Division of Genome Biology National Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyo 104-0045Japan

The journey to implement cancer genomic medicine(CGM)in oncology practice began in the 1980s,which is considered the dawn of genetic and genomic cancer research.At the time,a variety of activating oncogenic alterations and their functional significance were unveiled in cancer cells,which led to the development of molecular targeted therapies in the 2000s and beyond.Although CGM is still a relatively new discipline and it is difficult to predict to what extent CGM will benefit the diverse pool of cancer patients,the national Cancer center(NCC)of Japan has already contributed considerably to CGM advancement for the conquest of cancer.Looking back at these past achievements of the NCC,we predict that the future of CGM will involve the following:1)A biobank of paired cancerous and non-cancerous tissues and cells from various cancer types and stages will be developed.The quantity and quality of these samples will be compatible with omics analyses.All biobank samples will be linked to longitudinal clinical information.2)New technologies,such as whole-genome sequencing and artificial intelligence,will be introduced and new bioresources for functional and pharmacologic analyses(e.g.,a patient-derived xenograft library)will be systematically deployed.3)Fast and bidirectional translational research(bench-to-bedside and bedside-to-bench)performed by basic researchers and clinical investigators,preferably working alongside each other at the same institution,will be implemented;4)Close collaborations between academia,industry,regulatory bodies,and funding agencies will be established.5)There will be an investment in the other branch of CGM,personalized preventive medicine,based on the individual's genetic predisposition to cancer.

关键词： Cancer genomic medicine biobank patient-derived xenograft multi-gene panel test whole genome sequencing

Cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease induced by hypertension

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1454-1462页

作者： Weipeng Wei Denglei Ma Lin Li Lan Zhang Department of Pharmacy Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Beijing Geriatric Medical Research center Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System DrugsNational Center for Neurological DisordersNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesBeijingChina

Hypertension is a primary risk factor for the progression of cognitive impairment caused by cerebral small vessel disease,the most common cerebrovascular disease.Howeve r,the causal relationship between hypertension and cerebral small vessel disease remains unclear.Hypertension has substantial negative impacts on brain health and is recognized as a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease.Chronic hypertension and lifestyle factors are associated with risks for stro ke and dementia,and cerebral small vessel disease can cause dementia and stroke.Hypertension is the main driver of cerebral small vessel disease,which changes the structure and function of cerebral vessels via various mechanisms and leads to lacunar infarction,leukoaraiosis,white matter lesions,and intracerebral hemorrhage,ultimately res ulting in cognitive decline and demonstrating that the brain is the to rget organ of hypertension.This review updates our understanding of the pathogenesis of hypertensioninduced cerebral small vessel disease and the res ulting changes in brain structure and function and declines in cognitive ability.We also discuss drugs to treat cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive impairment.

关键词： blood-brain barrier cerebral small vessel disease cognitive impairment dementia endothelial dysfunction enlarged perivascular space hypertension lacunar infarction neuroinflammation treatment white matter high signal intensity

RARRES2 regulates lipid metabolic reprogramming to mediate the development of brain metastasis in triple negative breast cancer

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Military Medical Research 2024年第1期11卷 34-49页

作者： Yi-Qun Li Fang-Zhou Sun Chun-Xiao Li Hong-Nan Mo Yan-Tong Zhou Dan Lv Jing-Tong Zhai Hai-Li Qian Fei Ma Department of Medical Oncology National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China

Background Triple negative breast cancer(TNBC),the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer,is characterized by a high incidence of brain metastasis(BrM)and a poor prognosis.As the most lethal form of breast cancer,BrM remains a major clinical challenge due to its rising incidence and lack of effective treatment strategies.Recent evidence suggested a potential role of lipid metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer brain metastasis(BCBrM),but the underlying mechanisms are far from being fully elucidated.Methods Through analysis of BCBrM transcriptome data from mice and patients,and immunohistochemical validation on patient tissues,we identified and verified the specific down-regulation of retinoic acid receptor responder 2(RARRES2),a multifunctional adipokine and chemokine,in BrM of TNBC.We investigated the effect of aberrant RARRES2 expression of BrM in both in vitro and in vivo studies.Key signaling pathway components were evaluated using multi-omics approaches.Lipidomics were performed to elucidate the regulation of lipid metabolic reprogramming of RARRES2.Results We found that downregulation of RARRES2 is specifically associated with BCBrM,and that RARRES2 deficiency promoted BCBrM through lipid metabolic reprogramming.Mechanistically,reduced expression of RARRES2 in brain metastatic potential TNBC cells resulted in increased levels of glycerophospholipid and decreased levels of triacylglycerols by regulating phosphatase and tensin homologue(PTEN)-mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)-sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1(SREBP1)signaling pathway to facilitate the survival of breast cancer cells in the unique brain microenvironment.Conclusions Our work uncovers an essential role of RARRES2 in linking lipid metabolic reprogramming and the development of BrM.RARRES2-dependent metabolic functions may serve as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for BCBrM.

关键词： RARRES2 Lipid metabolic reprogramming Brain metastasis(BrM) Breast cancer

Emerging roles of exosomes in oral diseases progression

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International Journal of Oral Science 2024年第1期16卷 36-51页

作者： Jiayi Wang Junjun Jing Chenchen Zhou Yi Fan State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&national center for Stomatology&national Clinical Research center for Oral Diseases&Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&national center for Stomatology&national Clinical Research center for Oral Diseases&West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan UniversityChengduChina State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&national center for Stomatology&national Clinical Research center for Oral Diseases&Department of Pediatric Dentistry West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina

Oral diseases, such as periodontitis, salivary gland diseases, and oral cancers, significantly challenge health conditions due to their detrimental effects on patient's digestive functions, pronunciation, and esthetic demands. Delayed diagnosis and non-targeted treatment profoundly influence patients' prognosis and quality of life. The exploration of innovative approaches for early detection and precise treatment represents a promising frontier in oral medicine.

关键词： diseases diagnosis salivary

Magnesium promotes vascularization and osseointegration in diabetic states

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International Journal of Oral Science 2024年第1期16卷 122-133页

作者： Linfeng Liu Feiyu Wang Wei Song Danting Zhang Weimin Lin Qi Yin Qian Wang Hanwen Li Quan Yuan Shiwen Zhang State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&national center for Stomatology&national Clinical Research center for Oral Diseases&West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan UniversityChengduChina State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&national center for Stomatology&national Clinical Research center for Oral Diseases&Department of Oral Implantology West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina

Diabetes has long been considered a risk factor in implant therapy and impaired wound healing in soft and hard oral tissues.Magnesium has been proved to promote bone healing under normal conditions.Here,we elucidate the mechanism by which Mg^(2+)promotes angiogenesis and osseointegration in diabetic status.We generated a diabetic mice model and demonstrated thealveolar bone healing was compromised,with significantly decreased angiogenesis.We then developed Mg-coating implants with hydrothermal synthesis.These implants successfully improved the vascularization and osseointegration in diabetic status.Mechanically,Mg^(2+)promoted the degradation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and the nucleation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by up-regulating the expression of sestrin 2 (SESN2) in endothelial cells,thus reducing theelevated levels of oxidative stress in mitochondria and relieving endothelial cell dysfunction under hyperglycemia.Altogether,our data suggested that Mg^(2+)promoted angiogenesis and osseointegration in diabetic mice by regulating endothelial mitochondria metabolism.

关键词： healing diabetic impaired