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Leafy head formation of the progenies of transgenic plants of Chinese cabbage with exogenous auxin genes

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Cell Research 2000年第2期10卷 151-160页

作者： HE YU KE WAN XIN XUE YU DONG SUN XU HONG YU PING LIN LIU(Fax:021-64042090 E-mail: heyk@iris. ***)(national laboratory of plant molecular genetics, ShanghaiInstitute of plant Physiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200032, China) national laboratory of plant Molecular Genetics Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China

The experiment was performed to evaluate the progenies of plant lines transgenic for auxin synthesis genes derived from Ri T-DNA. Four lines of the transgenic plants were selfcrossed and the foreign auxin genes in plants of T5 generation were confirmed by Southern hybridization. Two lines, D1232 and D1653, showed earlier folding of expanding leaves than untransformed line and therefore had early initiation of leaf y head. Leaf cuttings derived from plant of transgenic line D1653 produced more adventitious roots than the control whereas the cuttings from folding leaves had much more roots than rosette leaves at folding stage, and the cuttings from head leaves had more roots than rosette leaves at heading stage. It is demonstrated that early folding of transgenic leaf may be caused by the relatively higher concentration of auxin. These plant lines with auxin transgenes can be used for the study of hormonal regulation in differentiation and development of plant organs nd for the breeding of new varietywith rapid growth trait.

关键词： Auxin genes Chinese cabbage leafy head transgenic plants

How plants sense and respond to osmotic stress

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2024年第3期66卷 394-423页

作者： Bo Yu Dai-Yin Chao Yang Zhao Shanghai Center for plant Stress Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesThe Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Key laboratory of plant Carbon Capture The Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China national Key laboratory of plant molecular genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyThe Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Drought is one of the most serious abiotic stresses to land plants.plants sense and respond to drought stress to survive under water deficiency.Scientists have studied how plants sense drought stress,or osmotic stress caused by drought,ever since Charles Darwin,and gradually obtained clues about osmotic stress sensing and signaling in plants.Osmotic stress is a physical stimulus that triggers many physiological changes at the cellular level,including changes in turgor,cell wall stiffness and integrity,membrane tension,and cell fluid volume,and plants may sense some of these stimuli and trigger downstream responses.In this review,we emphasized water potential and movements in organisms,compared putative signal inputs in cell wall-containing and cell wall-free organisms,prospected how plants sense changes in turgor,membrane tension,and cell fluid volume under osmotic stress according to advances in plants,animals,yeasts,and bacteria,summarized multilevel biochemical and physiological signal outputs,such as plasma membrane nanodomain formation,membrane water permeability,root hydrotropism,root halotropism,Casparian strip and suberin lamellae,and finally proposed a hypothesis that osmotic stress responses are likely to be a cocktail of signaling mediated by multiple osmosensors.We also discussed the core scientific questions,provided perspective about the future directions in this field,and highlighted the importance of robust and smart root systems and efficient source-sink allocations for generating future high-yield stress-resistant crops and plants.

关键词： cell volume drought membrane tension osmotic stress turgor

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Perenniality:From model plants to applications in agriculture

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molecular plant 2024年第1期17卷 141-157页

作者： Bo Zhao Jia-Wei Wang national Key laboratory of plant molecular genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences(CEMPS)Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology(SIPPE)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Shanghai 200032China School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Key laboratory of plant Carbon Capture CASShanghai 200032China New Cornerstone Science laboratory Shanghai 200032China

To compensate for their sessile nature,plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms enabling them to adapt to ever-changing environments.One such prominent feature is the evolution of diverse life history strategies,particularly such that annuals reproduce once followed by seasonal death,while perennials live longer by cycling growth seasonally.This intrinsic phenology is primarily genetic and can be altered by environmental factors.Although evolutionary transitions between annual and perennial life history strategies are common,perennials account for most species in nature because they survive well under year-round stresses.This proportion,however,is reversed in agriculture.Hence,perennial crops promise to likewise protect and enhance the resilience of agricultural ecosystems in response to climate change.Despite significant endeavors that have been made to generate perennial crops,progress is slow because of barriers in studying perennials,and many developed species await further improvement.Recent findings in model species have illustrated that simply rewiring existing genetic networks can lead to lifestyle variation.This implies that engineering plant life history strategy can be achieved by manipulating only a few key genes.In this review,we summarize our current understanding of genetic basis of perenniality and discuss major questions and challenges that remain to be addressed.

关键词： perenniality developmental plasticity flowering time poplar Arabis alpina perennial crops life history strategy

Sucrose-associated SnRK1a1-mediated phosphorylation of Opaque2 modulates endosperm filling in maize

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molecular plant 2024年第5期17卷 788-806页

作者： Tao Yang Yunqin Huang Longyu Liao Shanshan Wang Haoyu Zhang Jingying Pan Yongcai Huang Xiaoling Li Di Chen Tao Liu Xiaoduo Lu Yongrui Wu State Key laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina national Key laboratory of plant molecular genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai lnstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Institute of molecular Breeding for Maize Qilu Normal UniversityJinanChina

During maize endosperm filling,sucrose not only serves as a source of carbon skeletons for storage-reserve synthesis but also acts as a stimulus to promote this process.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying sucrose and endosperm filling are poorly understood.In this study,we found that sucrose promotes the expression of endosperm-filling hub gene Opaque2(O2),coordinating with storage-reserve accumulation.We showed that the protein kinase SnRK1a1 can attenuate O2-mediated transactivation,but sucrose can release this suppression.Biochemical assays revealed that SnRK1a1 phosphorylates O2 at serine 41(S41),negatively affecting its protein stability and transactivation ability.We observed that mutation of SnRK1a1 results in larger seeds with increased kernel weight and storage reserves,while overexpression of SnRK1a1 causes the opposite effect.Overexpression of the native O2(O2-OE),phospho-dead(O2-SA),and phospho-mimetic(O2-SD)variants all increased 100-kernel weight.Although O2-SA seeds exhibit smaller kernel size,they have higher accumulation of starch and proteins,resulting in larger vitreous endosperm and increased test weight.O2-SD seeds display larger kernel size but unchanged levels of storage reserves and test weight.O2-OE seeds show elevated kernel dimensions and nutrient storage,like a mixture of O2-SA and O2-SD seeds.Collectively,our study discovers a novel regulatory mechanism of maize endosperm filling.Identification of S41 as a SnRK1-mediated phosphorylation site in O2 offers a potential engineering target for enhancing storage-reserve accumulation and yield in maize.

关键词： maize Opaque2 SnRK1 endosperm phosphorylation sucrose

nifH Promoter Activity Is Regulated by DNA Supercoiling in Sinorhizobium meliloti

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2005年第4期37卷 221-226页

作者： Yan-Jie LIU Biao HU Jia-Bi ZHU Shan-Jiong SHEN Guan-Qiao YU national laboratory of plant molecular genetics,Institute of plant Physiology and Ecology,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200032,China national laboratory of plant molecular genetics Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China

In prokaryotes,DNA supercoiling regulates the expression of many genes;for example,theexpression of Klebsiella pneumoniae nifLA operon depends on DNA negative supercoiling in anaerobicallygrown cells,which indicates that DNA supercoiling might play a role in gene regulation of the anaerobicresponse.Since the expression of the nifH promoter in Sinorhizobium meliloti is not repressed by oxygen,itis proposed that the status of DNA supercoiling may not affect the expression of the nifH promoter.Wetested this hypothesis by analyzing nifH promoter activity in wild-type and gyr Escherichia coli in thepresence and absence of DNA gyrase inhibitors.Our results show that gene expression driven by the S.meliloti nifH promoter requires the presence of active DNA gyrase.Because DNA gyrase increases thenumber of negative superhelical turns in DNA in the presence of ATP,our data indicate that negativesupercoiling is also important for nifH promoter activity.Our study also shows that the DNA supercoiling-dependent S.meliloti nifH promoter activity is related to the trans-acting factors NtrC and NifA that activateit.DNA supercoiling appeared to have a stronger effect on NtrC-activated nifH promoter activity than onNifA-activated promoter activity.Collectively,these results from the S.meliloti nifH promoter model systemseem to indicate that,in addition to regulating gene expression during anaerobic signaling,DNA supercoilingmay also provide a favorable topology for trans-acting factor binding and promoter activation regardless ofoxygen status.

关键词： nifH DNA supercoiling gyrase Sinorhizobium meliloti gene expression

Sinorhizobium meliloti nifA mutant induces different gene expression profile from wild type in Alfalfa nodules

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Cell Research 2006年第10期16卷 818-829页

作者： Zi Ying Gong~1 Zhi Shui He~1 Jia Bi Zhu~1 Guan Qiao Yu~1 Hua Song Zou~1 ~1national laboratory of plant molecular genetics,Shanghai Institute of plant Physiology and Ecology,Shanghai Institutes.for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200032,China national laboratory of plant molecular genetics Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China

Several studies have demonstrated that the Rhizobium nifA gene is an activator of nitrogen fixation acting in nodulebacteria.To understand the effects of the Sinorhizobium meliloti nifA gene on Alfalfa,the cDNA-AFLP technique wasemployed to study the changes in gene expression in nifA mutant nodules.Among the approximately 3,000 transcript-derived fragments,37 had differential expression levels.These expression levels were subsequently confirmed by reverseNorthern blot and RT-polymerase chain reaction.Sequence analyses revealed that 21 cDNA fragments corresponded togenes involved in signal communication,protein degradation,nutrient metabolism,cell growth and development.

关键词： cDNA-AFLP gene expression nodule Sinorhizobium meliloti nifA

DNA chip-based expression profile analysis indicates involvement of the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway in multiple plant responses to hormone and abiotic treatments

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Cell Research 2004年第1期14卷 34-45页

作者： Wen Hui LIN, Rui YE, Hui MA, Zhi Hong XU, Hong Wei XUE national laboratory of plant molecular genetics, Institute of plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences and Partner Group of Max-Planck-Institute of molecular plant Physiology (MPI-MP) on 'plant molecular Physiology and Signal Transduction', 300 Fenglin Road, 200032 Shanghai, China national laboratory of plant molecular genetics Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS) Chinese Academy of Sciences Partner Group of Max-Planck-Institute of molecular plant Physiology (MPI-MP) on “plant molecular Physiology and Signal Transduction” Shanghai China

The phosphatidylinositol (PI) metabolic pathway is considered critical in plant responses to many environmental factors, and previous studies have indicated the involvement of multiple PI-related gene families during cellular responses. Through a detailed analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, 82 polypeptides were identified as being involved in PI signaling. These could be grouped into different families including PI synthases (PIS), PI-phosphate kinases (PIPK), phospholipases (PL), inositol polyphosphate phosphatases (IPPase), inositol polyphosphate kinases (IPK), PI transfer proteins and putative inositol polyphosphate receptors. The presence of more than 10 isoforms of PIPK, PLC, PLD and IPPase suggested that these genes might be differentially expressed during plant cellular responses or growth and development. Accordingly, DNA chip technology was employed to study the expression patterns of various isoforms. In total, 79 mRNA clones were amplified and used for DNA chip generation. Expression

关键词： phosphatidylinositol signal transduction DNA chip expression profile.

Isolation and functional characterization of the C-terminus of rice phos- phatidylinositol 4-kinase in vitro

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Cell Research 2003年第2期13卷 131-139页

作者： XIANG FENG KONG, ZHI HONG XU, HONG WEI XUE,national laboratory of plant molecular genetics, Institute of plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science (SIBS), The Chinese Academy of Sciences Partner Group of Max-Planck-Institute of molecular plant Physiology (MPI-MP) on 'plant molecular Physiology and Signal Transduction', 300 Fenglin Road, 200032 Shanghai, China national laboratory of plant molecular genetics Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science (SIBS) The Chinese Academy of Sciences Partner Group el Max-Planck-Institute of molecular plant Physiology (MPI-MP) on “plant molecular Physiology and Signal Transduction” Shanghai China

A partial rice (Oryza sativa L.) cDNA clone. OsPMK1c, was isolated through screening of a cDNA library constructed from tillering materials. OsPI4Klc encoded a peptide of 608 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 68.4 kDa. The OsPI4Klc peptide shared high homology and possessed the highly conserved domains present in most isolated cloned PI4-kinases, i.e. a lipid kinase unique (LKU) domain and a catalytic (CAT) domain. A region with similarity to pleckstrin homology (PH) domain was present in OsPI4K1c as well. Further comparison with genomic sequences in databases revealed that OsPI4K1c is located at the 3’-end of a putative rice PI 4-kinase coding gene OsPI4K1, and its coding region corresponded to the C-terminal half of OsPI4Kl protein. Twelve exons (49-562 bp in size) and 11 introns (77-974 bp in size) were identified in OsPI4K1c. The recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol at the D4 position of the inositol ring. OsPI4K1 transcript levels were

关键词： Oryza sativa phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of rice with the spider insecticidal gene conferring resistance to leaffolder and striped stem borer

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Cell Research 2001年第2期11卷 149-155页

作者： HUANG JIAN QIU, ZHI MING WEI, HAI LONG AN, YU XIAN ZHU national laboratory of plant molecular genetics, Institute of plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China national La national laboratory of plant molecular genetics Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China national laboratory of plant Genetic Engineering and Protein Engineering College of Life Science Peking University Beijing China

Immature embryos of rice varieties 'Xiushui11' and 'Chunjiang 11' precultured for 4d were infected and transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101/pExT7 (containing the spider insecticidal gene). The resistant cant were transferred onto the differentiation medium and plants were regenerated. The transformation frequency reached 56%-72% measured as numbers of Geneticin (G418)-resistant calli produced and 36%-60% measured as numbers of transgenic plants regenerated, respectively. PCR and Southern blot analysis of transgenic plants confirmed that the T-DNA had been integrated into the rice genome. Insect bioassays using T1 transgenic plants indicated that the mortality of the leaffolder (Cnaphalocrasis medinalis) after 7d of leaf feeding reached 38%-61% and the corrected mortality of the striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis) after 7d of leaf feeding reached 16%-75%. The insect bioassay results demonstrated that the transgenic plants expressing the spider insecticidal protein conferred enhanced resistance to these pests.

关键词： Rice Agrobacterium tumefaciens spider insecticidal gene transgenic plant Leaffolder striped stem borer insect bioassay.