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Olfactory receptors in neural regeneration in the central nervous system

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2480-2494页

作者： Rafael Franco Claudia Garrigós Toni Capó Joan Serrano-Marín Rafael Rivas-Santisteban Jaume Lillo Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiomedicineFacultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain CiberNed Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases Spanish National Health Institute Carlos ⅢMadridSpain School of Chemistry Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Department of Biochemistry and Physiology School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Laboratory of Computational Medicine Biostatistics UnitFaculty of MedicineAutonomous University of BarcelonaCampus BellaterraBarcelonaSpain

Olfactory receptors are crucial for detecting odors and play a vital role in our sense of smell,influencing behaviors from food choices to emotional *** receptors also contribute to our perception of flavor and have potential applications in medical diagnostics and environmental *** ability of the olfactory system to regenerate its sensory neurons provides a unique model to study neural regeneration,a phenomenon largely absent in the central nervous *** gained from how olfactory neurons continuously replace themselves and reestablish functional connections can provide strategies to promote similar regenerative processes in the central nervous system,where damage often results in permanent *** the molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning olfactory neuron regeneration could pave the way for developing therapeutic approaches to treat spinal co rd injuries and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's *** ctory receptors are found in almost any cell of eve ry orga n/tissue of the mammalian *** ectopic expression provides insights into the chemical structures that can activate olfactory *** addition to odors,olfactory receptors in ectopic expression may respond to endogenous compounds and molecules produced by mucosal colonizing *** analysis of the function of olfactory receptors in ectopic expression provides valuable information on the signaling pathway engaged upon receptor activation and the receptor's role in proliferation and cell differentiation *** review explo res the ectopic expression of olfa ctory receptors and the role they may play in neural regeneration within the central nervous system,with particular attention to compounds that can activate these receptors to initiate regenerative *** suggests that olfactory receptors could serve as potential therapeutic targets for enhancing neural repair and recovery following central nervous syste

关键词： adenosine receptors adrenergic receptors ectopic expression G proteincoupled receptors glia neurons

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Combinatorial therapies for spinal cord injury repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1293-1308页

作者： Carla S.Sousa Andreia Monteiro António J.Salgado Nuno A.Silva Life and health Sciences Research institute(ICVS) School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoCampus de Gualtar-gualtarBragaPortugal ICVS/3B’s Associate Lab PT Government Associated LabCampus de Gualtar-gualtarBragaPortugal

Spinal cord injuries have profound detrimental effects on individuals, regardless of whether they are caused by trauma or non-traumatic events. The compromised regeneration of the spinal cord is primarily attributed to damaged neurons, inhibitory molecules, dysfunctional immune response, and glial scarring. Unfortunately, currently, there are no effective treatments available that can fully repair the spinal cord and improve functional outcomes. Nevertheless, numerous pre-clinical approaches have been studied for spinal cord injury recovery, including using biomaterials, cells, drugs, or technological-based strategies. Combinatorial treatments, which target various aspects of spinal cord injury pathophysiology, have been extensively tested in the last decade. These approaches aim to synergistically enhance repair processes by addressing various obstacles faced during spinal cord regeneration. Thus, this review intends to provide scientists and clinicians with an overview of pre-clinical combinatorial approaches that have been developed toward the solution of spinal cord regeneration as well as update the current knowledge about spinal cord injury pathophysiology with an emphasis on the current clinical management.

关键词： electric stimulation neural tissue regeneration neuroprotection polytherapy spinal cord injury

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Status and Correlates of Hypersomnia in Hospitalized Patients with Unipolar Depression—Beijingf Henanf and Shandong,China,August 2019-March 2021

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China CDC weekly 2021年第42期3卷 879-882页

作者： Yun Chen Lyufeng Zhang Sifan Hu Hongle Zhang Qiqing Sun Mengyue Hong Yuying Qian Lin Lu Hongqiang Sun Peking University Sixth Hospital Peking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental HealthNational Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders(Peking University Sixth Hospital)National Center for Mental HealthChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Zhumadian Second People's Hospital Zhumadian Psychiatric HospitalZhumadianHenanChina Liaocheng Fourth People's Hospital LiaochengShandongChina.

Summary What is already known about this topic?Hypersomnia is an atypical characteristic of unipolar depression(UD),indicating a high risk of bipolar *** the symptom should be prioritized in patients with ***,the stat... 详细信息

关键词： Shandong Henan varied

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Neuroimaging studies in major depressive disorder with suicidal ideation or behaviour among Chinese patients:implications for neural mechanisms and imaging signatures

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General Psychiatry 2024年第5期37卷 511-521页

作者： Yun-Ai Su Chong Ye Qin Xin Tianmei Si Peking University Sixth Hospital Peking University Institute of Mental HealthNHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health(Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders(Peking University Sixth Hospital)BeijingChina Xi'an Janssen Pharmaceutical Ltd BeijingChina

Major depressive disorder(MDD)with suicidal ideation or behaviour(MDSI)is associated with an increased risk of future *** timely identification of suicide risk in patients with MDD and the subsequent implementation of interventions are crucially important to reduce their suffering and save ***,the early diagnosis of MDSI remains challenging across the world,as no objective diagnostic method is currently *** China,the challenge is greater due to the social stigma associated with mental health problems,leading many patients to avoid reporting their suicidal ***,the neural mechanisms underlying MDSl are stll unclear,which may hamper the development of effective *** thus conducted this narrative review to summarise the existing neuroimaging studies of MDSI in Chinese patients,including those involving structural magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),functional MRl,neuronal electrophysiological source imaging of the brain dynamics with electroencephalography and *** synthesising the current research efforts in neuroimaging studies of Chinese patients with MDSl,we identified potential objective neuroimaging biomarkers,which may aid in the early identification of patients with MDSI who are at high suicide-related *** findings also offer insights into the complex neural mechanisms underlying MDSI and suggest promising therapeutic ***,we propose future directions to discover novel imaging signatures,improve patient care,as well as help psychiatrists and clinical investigators plan their future research.

关键词： patients neural signature

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Application of seminal germ cell morphology and semen biochemistry in the diagnosis and management of azoospermic subjects

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2001年第1期3卷 55-62页

作者： Somnath Roy A.Banerjee H.C.Pandey G.Singh G.L.Kumari national institute of health and Family Welfare (NIHFW) New Delhi-110067 India Reproductive Health Foundation(RHF) New Delhi IndiaNational Institute of Health and Family Welfare (NIHFW) New Delhi-110067 IndiaNational Institute of Health and Family Welfare (NIHFW) New Delhi-110067 IndiaNational Institute of Health and Family Welfare (NIHFW) New Delhi-110067 IndiaReproductive Health Foundation (RHF) New Delhi India

Aim: To evaluate whether the study of seminal germ cell morphology (SGCM) and semen biochemistry could befruitfully utilized for the diagnosis and management of azoospermic subjects. Methods: In the semen, mature andimmature germ cells are contributed by the testes, 70% of glycerylphosphoryl choline (GPC) by the epididymis, fruc-tose mostly or solely by the seminal vesicles and acid phosphate (ACP) by the prostate. In 16 normal volunteers, 12vasectomized subjects and 186 azoospennic subjects, these parameters have been studied and the data have been ana-lyzed. Results: Both mature and immature germ cells are absent in the semen of vasectomized subjects as well as inobstructive azoospennia; GPC level is also significantly decreased in both these groups. In cases with non-obstructiveazoospermia immature germ cells are present and seminal GPC, ACP and fructose levels are normal. The diagnosis ofobstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia based on these parameters correlated well with 'correct' testicular biopsyfindings. In some cases of azoospermia due to hypospermatogenesis or spermatogenic developmental arrest, the SGCMstudies were very helpful in objectively monitoring the response of the germinal tissue to specific treaunents. Conclu-sion: SGCM and semen biochemical parameters are very valuable non-invasive markers for differentiating obstructivefrom non-obstructive azoospermia. The SGCM findings serve as a dependable non-invasive testicular marker with highpredictive value. (Asian J Androl 2001 Mar; 3: 55-62)

关键词： azoospermia semen biochemistry germ cells intracytoplasmic sperm injection

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Indications for and techniques of keratoplasty at Vietnam national institute of Ophthalmology

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第3期9卷 379-383页

作者： Pham Ngoc Dong Truong Nhu Han Anthony J.Aldave Hoang Thi Minh Chau Vietnam national institute of Ophthalmology HanoiVietnam Stein Eye institute the University of California Los Angeles CA 90095-7003 USA

AIM： To report the indications for and techniques of corneal transplantation at Vietnam national institute of Ophthalmology （VNIO） over a period of 12y （2002-2013）, METHODS： Records of patients who had undergone corneal transplantation at VNIO from January 1, 2002 to January 1, 2014 were reviewed to determine the indication for and type of corneal transplant performed. Patient age, gender, indication for corneal transplantation and surgical technique were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS： Corneal transplantation were underwent in 1390 eyes of 1278 patients with a mean age of 44.9±18.1y during the period under review. The most common indication was infectious corneal ulcer （n=670; 48.2%）, followed by corneal scar （n=333, 24.0% ）, corneal dystrophy （n=138, 9.9%） and failed graft （n=112, 8.1%）. Nearly all procedures performed were penetrating keratoplasty （n=1300, 93.5% ）, with a few lamellar keratoplasty procedures performed： lamellar keratoplasty （n=52, 3.7%）, Descemet＇s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty （n =27, 1.9% ） and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty （n =11, 0.8%）.CONCLUSION： While the most common indication for keratoplasty was infectious keratitis, nearly all indications for corneal transplantation were managed with penetrating keratoplasty, However, lamellar keratoplasty techniques, including deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty and Descemet＇s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty, are being performed with increasing frequency for isolated stromal and endothelial disorders, respectively,

关键词： penetratingkeratoplasty, lamellarkeratoplasty endothelial keratoplasty indication for keratoplasty technique of keratoplasty

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Mesospheric tide comparisons at low latitudes observed by two collocated meteor radars

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第1期9卷 54-68页

作者： Jian Li Wen Yi XiangHui Xue Jie Zeng HaiLun Ye JianYuan Wang JinSong Chen Na Li TingDi Chen Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment Department of Geophysics and Planetary SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology Anhui Mengcheng Geophysics National Observation and Research StationUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Hefei national Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Collaborative Innovation Center of Astronautical Science and Technology Harbin 150001China national Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment China Research Institute of Radiowave PropagationQingdao 266107China Yunnan Kunming Electromagnetic Environment national Observation and Research Station Qujing Kunming 655000China

Accurate knowledge of mesospheric winds and waves is essential for studying the dynamics and climate in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere(MLT)*** this study,we conduct a comparative analysis of the mesosphere tidal results obtained from two adjacent meteor radars at low latitudes in Kunming,China,from November 2013 to December *** two radars operate at different frequencies of 37.5 MHz and 53.1 MHz,***,overall good agreement is observed between the two radars in terms of horizontal winds and tide *** results show that the dominant tidal waves of the zonal and meridional winds are diurnal and semidiurnal ***,we conduct an exhaustive statistical analysis to compare the tidal amplitudes and vertical wavelengths recorded by the dual radar systems,which reveals a high degree of alignment in tidal *** investigation includes variances and covariances of tidal amplitudes,which demonstrate remarkable consistency across measurements from both *** finding highlights clear uniformity in the mesospheric tidal patterns observed at low latitudes by the two neighboring meteor *** of the comparative analysis specifically underscore the significant correlation in vertical wavelength measurements,validating the robustness of radar observations for tidal research.

关键词： mesosphere and lower thermosphere region meteor radar mesospheric winds tides

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Mitigating osteonecrosis of the jaw(ONJ) through preventive dental care and understanding of risk factors

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Bone Research 2020年第1期8卷 14-25页

作者： Jason TWan Douglas MSheeley Martha JSomerman Janice SLee national institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Laboratory for Oral Connective Tissue Biology National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

It is well established that alterations in phosphate metabolism have a profound effect on hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity. The present-day clinical form of osteonecrosis of the jaw(ONJ) was preceded by phosphorus necrosis of the jaw, ca. 1860. The subsequent removal of yellow phosphorus from matches in the early 20 th century saw a parallel decline in "phossy jaw" until the early 2000 s, when similar reports of unusual jaw bone necrosis began to appear in the literature describing jaw necrosis in patients undergoing chemotherapy and concomitant steroid and bisphosphonate treatment. Today, the potential side effect of ONJ associated with medications that block osteoclast activity(antiresorptive) is well known, though the mechanism remains unclear and the management and outcomes are often unsatisfactory. Much of the existing literature has focused on the continuing concerns of appropriate use of bisphosphonates and other antiresorptive medications, the incomplete or underdeveloped research on ONJ, and the use of drugs with anabolic potential for treatment of osteoporosis. While recognizing that ONJ is a rare occurrence and ONJ-associated medications play an important role in fracture risk reduction in osteoporotic patients, evidence to date suggests that health care providers can lower the risk further by dental evaluations and care prior to initiating antiresorptive therapies and by monitoring dental health during and after treatment. This review describes the current clinical management guidelines for ONJ, the critical role of dental-medical management in mitigating risks, and the current understanding of the effects of predominantly osteoclast-modulating drugs on bone homeostasis.

关键词： drugs metabolism alterations

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Elimination of murine and human T-cell epitopes in recombinant immunotoxin eliminates neutralizing and anti-drug antibodies in vivo

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第5期14卷 432-442页

作者： Ronit Mazor Devorah Crown Selamawit Addissie Youjin Jang Gilad Kaplan Ira Pastan Laboratory of Molecular Biology Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA Leidos Biomedical Research Inc National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA

Antibodies against the toxin portion of recombinant immunotoxins （RIT） reduce their efficacy and pose a potential safety risk. To overcome this problem we mutated the very immunogenic immunotoxin SSIP to produce LMB-T20, a de-immunized RIT that has the eight human T-cell epitopes in SSIP modified or removed. To determine the effect of T-cell epitope removal in vivo we mapped the T-cell epitopes in immune-competent BALB/c mice and found that these mice recognize two epitopes. One corresponds to the human immunodominant T-cell epitope and the other to a human subdominant epitope; both were eliminated in LMB-T20. We found that mice immunized with LMB-T20 did not have T-cell activation and did not develop anti-drug antibodies （ADA）, whereas mice immunized with SSIP, showed T-cell activation, and developed ADA detected by both ELISA and drug neutralizing assays. The ability of the mice treated with LMB-T20 to respond to other antigens was not compromised. We conclude that elimination of T-cell epitopes is sufficient to prevent formation of antibodies to an immunogenic foreign protein.

关键词： anti-drug antibodies deimmunization immunogenicity mouse epitopes T-cell epitopes

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Long non-coding RNAs with essential roles in neurodegenerative disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1212-1220页

作者： Wandi Xiong Lin Lu Jiali Li Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences&Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoologythe Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan ProvinceChina Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences BeijingChina national institute on Drug Dependence Peking UniversityBeijingChina PKU/McGovern institute for Brain Research Peking UniversityBeijingChina institute of mental health National Clinical Research Center for Mental DisordersKey Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth HospitalPeking UniversityBeijingChina

Recently,with the advent of high-resolution and high-throughput sequencing technologies,an increasing number of long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)have been found to be involved in the regulation of neuronal function in the central nervous system with specific spatiotemporal patterns,across different neurodegenerative ***,the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs during neurodegeneration remain poorly *** review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the biology of lncRNAs and focuses on introducing the latest identified roles,regulatory mechanisms,and research status of lncRNAs in Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,Huntington's disease,and amyotrophic lateral ***,this review discusses the potential values of lncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases,hoping to provide broader implications for developing effective treatments.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis biomarker Huntington's disease long non-coding RNAs neurodegenerative diseases Parkinson's disease therapy transcriptional regulation translational regulation

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