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China Stroke Statistics 2019:A Report From the national Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological diseases,China national Clinical Research Center for Neurological diseases,the Chinese Stroke Association,national Center for Chronic and Non-communicable disease control and prevention,Chinese Center for disease control and prevention and institute for Global Neuroscience and Stroke Collaborations

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2020年第3期5卷 211-239页

作者： Yong-Jun Wang Zi-Xiao Li Hong-Qiu Gu Yi Zhai Yong Jiang Xing-Quan Zhao Yi-Long Wang Xin Yang Chun-Juan Wang Xia Meng Hao Li Li-Ping Liu Jing Jing Jing Wu An-Ding Xu Qiang Dong David Wang Ji-Zong Zhao On behalf of China Stroke Statistics 2019 Writing Committee China national Clinical Research Center for Neurological diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina national Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina national Center for Chronic and Non-communicable disease control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Department of Neurology and Stroke Center The First Affiliated HospitalJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina Department of Neurology Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Neurovascular Division Department of NeurologyBarrow Neurological InstituteSt.Joseph's Hospital and Medical CenterPhoenixArizonaUSA 不详

China faces the greatest challenge from stroke in the world.The death rate for cerebrovascular diseases in China was 149.49 per 100000,accounting for 1.57 million deaths in 2018.It ranked third among the leading causes of death behind malignant tumours and heart disease.The age-standardised prevalence and incidence of stroke in 2013 were 1114.8 per 100000 population and 246.8 per 100000 person-years,respectively.According to the Global Burden of disease Study 2017,the years of life lost(YLLs)per 100000 population for stroke increased by 14.6%;YLLs due to stroke rose from third highest among all causes in 1990 to the highest in 2017.The absolute numbers and rates per 100000 population for all-age disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)for stroke increased substantially between 1990 and 2017,and stroke was the leading cause of all-age DALYs in 2017.The main contributors to cerebrovascular diseases include behavioural risk factors(smoking and alcohol use)and pre-existing conditions(hypertension,diabetes mellitus,dyslipidaemia and atrial fibrillation(AF)).The most prevalent risk factors among stroke survivors were hypertension(63.0%-84.2%)and smoking(31.7%-47.6%).The least prevalent was AF(2.7%-7.4%).The prevalences for major risk factors for stroke are high and most have increased over time.Based on the latest national epidemiological data,26.6%of adults aged≥15 years(307.6 million adults)smoked tobacco products.For those aged≥18 years,age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 25.2%;adjusted prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia was 5.8%;and the standardised prevalence of diabetes was 10.9%.For those aged≥40 years,the standardised prevalence of AF was 2.31%.Data from the Hospital Quality Monitoring System showed that 3010204 inpatients with stroke were admitted to 1853 tertiary care hospitals during 2018.Of those,2466785(81.9%)were ischaemic strokes(ISs);447609(14.9%)were intracerebral haemorrhages(ICHs);and 95810(3.2%)were subarachnoid haemorrhages(SAHs).The average age of patients admitted was 66 years old,and nearl

关键词： admitted smoke insurance

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Anti-OX40 Antibody Combined with HBc VLPs Delays Tumor Growth in a Mouse Colon Cancer Model

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期37卷 187-195页

作者： LIU Jia Jia SU Qiu Dong YI Yao SHEN Li Ping BI Sheng Li national institute for Viral disease control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China

Objective Combination immunotherapy strategies targeting OX40,a co-stimulatory molecule that can enhance antitumor immunity by modulating the proliferation,differentiation,and effector function of tumor-infiltrating T cells,have attracted much attention for their excellent therapeutic effects.In this study,we aimed to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of combined anti-OX40 and hepatitis B core viruslike particles(HBc VLPs)therapy using a mouse colon cancer model.Methods Humanized B-h OX40 mice were injected subcutaneously with MC38 colon tumor cells and treated with HBc VLPs+anti-h OX40 antibody.Tumor growth was monitored.Flow cytometric analysis was performed to evaluate the populations of T cell subsets in the tumors.Results The combination of anti-OX40 with HBc VLPs resulted in a significant delay in tumor growth,suggesting that a potent antitumor immunity was induced by the combination therapy.Further studies revealed that HBc VLPs+anti-OX40 treatment induced a significant increase in effector T cells(Teffs)and a significant decrease in regulatory T cells(Tregs)in the tumor microenvironment(TME),which accounted for the synergistic antitumor effect of anti-OX40 in combination with HBc VLPs.Conclusion Combination therapy of anti-h OX40 and HBc VLPs provides synergistic antitumor activity in colon cancer-bearing mice,which may represent a potential design strategy for cancer immunotherapy.

关键词： Anti-OX40 antibody Hepatitis B core virus-like particles Tumor Combination therapy

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Relationship Between Climate Change and Marmot Plague of Marmota himalayana Plague Focus—the Altun Mountains of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,China,2000–2022

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China CDC weekly 2024年第4期6卷 69-74,I0006页

作者： Qun Duan Xiaojin Zheng Zhiqiang Gan Dongyue Lyu Hanyu Sha Xinmin Lu Xiaoling Zhao Asaiti Bukai Ran Duan Shuai Qin Li Wang Jinxiao Xi Di Wu Peng Zhang Deming Tang Zhaokai He Huaiqi Jing Biao Kan Xin Wang national institute for communicable disease control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Akesai Kazak Autonomous County Center for disease control and prevention Jiuquan CityGansu ProvinceChina Jiuquan Center for disease control and prevention Jiuquan CityGansu ProvinceChina Gansu Provincial Center for disease control and prevention Lanzhou CityGansu ProvinceChina

Introduction:Plague is a zoonotic disease that occurs naturally in specific geographic areas.Climate change can influence the populations of the plague host or vector,leading to variations in the occurrence and epidemiology of plague in animals.Methods:In this study,we collected meteorological and plague epidemiological data from the Marmota himalayana plague focus in the Altun Mountains of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.The data spanned from 2000 to 2022.We describe the climatic factors and plague epidemic conditions and we describe their analysis by Pearson’s correlation.Results:During the period from 2000 to 2022,the isolation rates of Yersinia pestis(Y.pestis)from marmots and fleas were 9.27%(451/4,864)and 7.17%(118/1,646),respectively.Additionally,we observed a positive rate of F1 antibody of 11.25%(443/3,937)in marmots and 18.16%(142/782)in dogs.With regards to climate,there was little variation,and a decreasing trend in blowing-sand days was observed.The temperature in the previous year showed a negative correlation with the Y.pestis isolation rate in marmots(r=−0.555,P=0.011)and the positive rate of F1 antibody in marmots(r=−0.552,P=0.012)in the current year.The average annual precipitation in the previous two years showed a positive correlation with marmot density(r=0.514,P=0.024),while blowingsand days showed a negative correlation with marmot density(r=−0.701,P=0.001).Furthermore,the average annual precipitation in the previous three years showed a positive correlation with the isolation rate of Y.pestis from marmots(r=0.666,P=0.003),and blowing-sand days showed a negative correlation with marmot density(r=−0.597,P=0.009).Conclusions:The findings of this study indicate that there is a hysteresis effect of climate change on the prevalence of plague.Therefore,monitoring climate conditions can offer significant insights for implementing timely preventive and control measures to combat plague epidemics.

关键词： Plague epidemiology Plateau

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Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency in Children Aged 6 to 17 Years—Western and Central Rural Areas,China,2012–2021

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China CDC weekly 2024年第3期6卷 51-55页

作者： Peipei Xu Juan Xu Wei Cao Titi Yang Qian Gan Hongliang Wang Ruihe Luo Hui Pan Qian Zhang national institute for Nutrition and Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

What is already known about this topic?Vitamin A deficiency(VAD)is a leading global nutritional concern,ranking among the top four major nutritional deficiencies worldwide.The prevalence of VAD is unevenly distributed across various regions,both within China and globally.What is added by this report?The report adds valuable insights into the vitamin A nutritional status of rural students aged 6–17 years who participated in the Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rural Compulsory Education Students(NIPRCES).Over the decade from 2012 to 2021,there was a modest improvement in vitamin A status.The prevalence of VAD and sub-clinical VAD(SVAD)declined as the students aged.Throughout the majority of the survey years,the incidence of VAD was higher among males and western regions compared to females and central regions,respectively.What are the implications for public health practice?A comprehensive approach,incorporating dietary diversification,nutrition education,and food fortification,should be implemented to prevent VAD and SVAD especially in males,younger children and children in western areas.

关键词： vitamin Rural younger

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Comparative Study on the Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Different Post-exposure Intramuscular Rabies Vaccination Regimens in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期37卷 178-186页

作者： SONG Yun HE Ying LU Xue Xin ZHANG Xiao Mei JIANG XIAO Lin SONG Qing HUANG Xue Yong MA Hong Xia YU Peng Cheng ZHU Wu Yang Henan Provincial Center for disease control and prevention Infectious Disease Prevention and Control InstituteHenan Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease PathogensZhengzhou 450000HenanChina national institute for Viral disease control and prevention China CDCKey Laboratory of BiosafetyNational Health CommissionBeijing 102206China Shandong Provincial Center for disease control and prevention Jinan 250014ShandongChina Qingdao Chengyang District Center for disease control and prevention Qingdao 266108ShandongChina

Objective This study aimed to compare the current Essen rabies post-exposure immunization schedule(0-3-7-14-28)in China and the simple 4-dose schedule(0-3-7-14)newly recommended by the World Health Organization in terms of their safety,efficacy,and protection.Methods Mice were vaccinated according to different immunization schedules,and blood was collected for detection of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies(RVNAs)on days 14,21,28,35,and 120after the first immunization.Additionally,different groups of mice were injected with lethal doses of the CVS-11 virus on day 0,subjected to different rabies immunization schedules,and assessed for morbidity and death status.In a clinical trial,185 rabies-exposed individuals were selected for post-exposure vaccination according to the Essen schedule,and blood was collected for RVNAs detection on days 28and 42 after the first immunization.Results A statistically significant difference in RVNAs between mice in the Essen and 0-3-7-14 schedule groups was observed on the 35th day(P0.05)in RVNAs levels at any time point.The post-exposure immune protective test showed that the survival rate of mice in the control group was 20%,whereas that in the immunization groups was 40%.In the clinical trial,the RVNAs positive conversion rates on days 28(14 days after 4 doses)and 42(14 days after 5 doses)were both 100%,and no significant difference in RVNAs levels was observed(P>0.05).Conclusion The simple 4-dose schedule can produce sufficient RVNAs levels,with no significant effect of a delayed fourth vaccine dose(14–28 d)on the immunization potential.

关键词： Rabies Post-exposure immunization Essen regimen RVNAs

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An Outbreak of Serogroup Y Meningococcal Meningitis in a Private Secondary Vocational School-Guangzhou City,Guangdong Province,China,2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第12期6卷 242-246,I0005页

作者： Xiang Zeng Qing He Yilan Li Yong Zhou Xiaoping Shao Pei Hu Jian Liang Yudan Song Chao Ma Lijie Zhang Limei Sun Lei Luo Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Zhuhai Center for disease control and prevention Zhuhai CityGuangdong ProvinceChina Guangdong Center for disease control and prevention Guangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina Guangzhou Center for disease control and prevention Guangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina institute of Public Health Guangzhou Medical University&Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and PreventionGuangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of the national Immunization Programme Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

What is already known about this topic?The inclusion of meningococcal vaccines in the national Immunization Program(NIP)over several years has significantly reduced the incidence of meningococcal meningitis in China to historic lows.Worldwide,there has been a diversification of meningococcal serogroups,leading to a shift in dominant serogroups in China from serogroup A to serogroups C and B,accompanied by a rise in reports of serogroups Y and W.What is added by this report?An outbreak of serogroup Y Neisseria meningitidis(Nm)in a secondary vocational school involved a single confirmed severe case and 24 individuals with laboratory-confirmed Nm carriage.Epidemiological investigation revealed that the outbreak was localized to the classroom of the confirmed case.Prolonged close contact within a confined space was identified as a significant risk factor for Nm transmission.The genotype sequence identified was type 1655(ST-1655),which is categorized under clonal complex 23(CC-23)and bears resemblance to 8 previously confirmed cases of serogroup Y meningococcal meningitis within Guangdong Province.This suggests that serogroup Y infections continue to sporadically emerge and have become prevalent strains.What are the implications for public health practice?This outbreak underscores the critical need to enhance surveillance of meningococcal serogroups and population carrier,and advocate for vaccination with MenY-containing vaccines.

关键词： break Secondary Guangdong

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Acute Effects of Low Temperatures and Cold Waves on Elderly Infectious Pneumonia Mortality—Jinan City,Shandong Province,China,2014-2022

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China CDC weekly 2024年第5期6卷 77-82,I0002-I0005页

作者： Huiyun Chang Mingjun Li Ying Wang Liangliang Cui Tiantian Li Jinan Municipal Center for disease control and prevention Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan CityShandong ProvinceChina Chinese Filed Epidemiology Training Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health National Institute of Environmental HealthChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?The mortality rate due to pneumonia varies depending on the infectious agents present in a low-temperature environment.What is added by this report?This study aimed to examine the relationship between low temperatures and cold waves and the risk of mortality from infectious pneumonia in the elderly.The findings indicate a significant increase in the risk of infectious pneumonia.

关键词： environment Shandong finding

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Development of a High-throughput Sequencing Platform for Detection of Viral Encephalitis Pathogens Based on Amplicon Sequencing

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期37卷 294-302页

作者： ZHANG Ya Li SU Wen Zhe WANG Rui Chen LI Yan ZHANG Jun Feng LIU Sheng Hui HU Dan He XU Chong Xiao YIN Jia Yu YIN Qi Kai HE Ying LI Fan FU Shi Hong NIE Kai LIANG Guo Dong TAO Yong XU Song Tao MA Chao Feng WANG Huan Yu Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine Xianyang 712000ShaanxiChina national Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious diseases National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China Guangzhou Center for disease control and prevention Guangzhou 510000GuangdongChina Shandong Center for disease control and prevention Jinan 250000ShandongChina Department of Ophthalmology Beijing Chaoyang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100020China Xi'an Center for disease control and prevention Xi’an 710054ShaanxiChina

Objective Viral encephalitis is an infectious disease severely affecting human health.It is caused by a wide variety of viral pathogens,including herpes viruses,flaviviruses,enteroviruses,and other viruses.The laboratory diagnosis of viral encephalitis is a worldwide challenge.Recently,high-throughput sequencing technology has provided new tools for diagnosing central nervous system infections.Thus,In this study,we established a multipathogen detection platform for viral encephalitis based on amplicon sequencing.Methods We designed nine pairs of specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR)primers for the 12 viruses by reviewing the relevant literature.The detection ability of the primers was verified by software simulation and the detection of known positive samples.Amplicon sequencing was used to validate the samples,and consistency was compared with Sanger sequencing.Results The results showed that the target sequences of various pathogens were obtained at a coverage depth level greater than 20×,and the sequence lengths were consistent with the sizes of the predicted amplicons.The sequences were verified using the national Center for Biotechnology Information BLAST,and all results were consistent with the results of Sanger sequencing.Conclusion Amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing technology is feasible as a supplementary method for the pathogenic detection of viral encephalitis.It is also a useful tool for the high-volume screening of clinical samples.

关键词： Viral encephalitis Amplicon sequencing High-throughput sequencing Multipathogen detection

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Analysis of Epidemiological and Issues Encountered in Case Reports on Echinococcosis—China,2022

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China CDC weekly 2024年第6期6卷 100-104页

作者： Yan Kui Shuai Han Xiaojuan Zhang Guangzhong Shi Yale Yu Ruirui Li Peizheng Zhan Hongju Duan Wenbo Luo Benfu Li Shaoqi Ning Yalan Zhang Aiya Zhu Jingbo Xue national institute of Parasitic diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research)National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyWorld Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical DiseasesNational Center for International Research on Tropical DiseasesShanghaiChina Gansu Provincial Center for disease control and prevention Lanzhou CityGansu ProvinceChina The Center for disease control and prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumuqi CityXinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionChina Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Center for disease control and prevention Urumuqi CityXinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionChina Sichuan Provincial Center for disease control and prevention Chengdu CitySichuan ProvinceChina Qinhai institute for Endemic disease control and prevention Xining CityQinghai ProvinceChina Ningxia Center for disease control and prevention Yinchuan CityNingxia Hui Autonomous RegionChina Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Comprehensive disease control and prevention Hohhot CityInner Mongolia AutonomousChina Yunnan institute of Parasitic diseases Puer CityYunnan ProvinceChina Shaanxi Provincial Center for disease control and prevention Xi'an CityShaanxi ProvinceChina Henan Provincial Center for disease control and prevention Zhengzhou CityHenan ProvinceChina Guizhou Provincial Center for disease control and prevention Guiyang CityGuizhou ProvinceChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Echinococcosis is classified as a Class C infectious disease in China.It is endemic in 370 counties located in the agricultural and pastoral regions of western China.What is added by this report?This report provides a comprehensive overview of the cases of echinococcosis reported in China in 2022.Following a thorough evaluation conducted by provincial CDCs.

关键词： China Ech counties

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Species-level Microbiota of Biting Midges and Ticks from Poyang Lake

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期37卷 266-277,I0001-I0003页

作者： GONG Jian WANG Fei Fei LIU Yang Qing PU Ji DONG Ling Zhi ZHANG Si Hui HUANG Zhen Zhou HUANG Yu Yuan LI Ya Ben YANG Cai Xin TAO Yuan Meihui ZHAO Li Jun JIN Dong LIU Li Yun YANG Jing LU Shan Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan 030001ShanxiChina national Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious diseases National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal-Origin and Vector-Borne diseases Nanchang Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanchang 330038JiangxiChina Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100730China

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the bacterial communities of biting midges and ticks collected from three sites in the Poyang Lake area,namely,Qunlu Practice Base,Peach Blossom Garden,and Huangtong Animal Husbandry,and whether vectors carry any bacterial pathogens that may cause diseases to humans,to provide scientific basis for prospective pathogen discovery and disease prevention and control.Methods Using a metataxonomics approach in concert with full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing and operational phylogenetic unit(OPU)analysis,we characterized the species-level microbial community structure of two important vector species,biting midges and ticks,including 33 arthropod samples comprising 3,885 individuals,collected around Poyang Lake.Results A total of 662 OPUs were classified in biting midges,including 195 known species and 373 potentially new species,and 618 OPUs were classified in ticks,including 217 known species and 326 potentially new species.Surprisingly,OPUs with potentially pathogenicity were detected in both arthropod vectors,with 66 known species of biting midges reported to carry potential pathogens,including Asaia lannensis and Rickettsia bellii,compared to 50 in ticks,such as Acinetobacter lwoffii and Staphylococcus sciuri.We found that Proteobacteria was the most dominant group in both midges and ticks.Furthermore,the outcomes demonstrated that the microbiota of midges and ticks tend to be governed by a few highly abundant bacteria.Pantoea sp7 was predominant in biting midges,while Coxiella sp1 was enriched in ticks.Meanwhile,Coxiella spp.,which may be essential for the survival of Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann,were detected in all tick samples.The identification of dominant species and pathogens of biting midges and ticks in this study serves to broaden our knowledge associated to microbes of arthropod vectors.Conclusion Biting midges and ticks carry large numbers of known and potentially novel bacteria,and carry a wide range of potentially pathogenic bacteria,which m

关键词： Biting midge Tick Microbiota Pantoea Coxiella

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