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Divergent responses of runoff to climate change in the upper basins of the Third Pole dominated by westerlies and monsoon

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2592-2614页

作者： Qikai SUN Fengge SU He SUN State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101China

The diverse climates,distribution of snow and glaciers,and geographic locations directly affect the runoff response to climate change in the upper basins of the Third *** present,a comprehensive analysis of runoff variations and their distinct responses to climate change in the westerlies-and monsoon-dominated upper basins is still *** study comprehensively analyzed annual runoff variations in westerlies-dominated basins(the upper basins of the Aksu(UAKS),Syr Darya(USRD),Yarkant(UYK),Hotan(UHT),Amu Darya(UAMD),and Indus(UI))and monsoon-dominated basins(the upper basins of the Yangtze(UYA),Yellow(UYE),Lancang(ULC),Nujiang(UNJ),and Yarlung Zangbo(UYZ))of the Third Pole from 1961 *** multi-source meteorological data and large-scale circulation factors,this study investigated the divergent responses of runoff in the upper basins to climate change,and explored the large-scale circulation mechanisms underlying runoff variations in these upper *** results showed that:(1)The annual runoff in the majority of upper basins(except for the UYE and UYZ)exhibited an increasing trend,and the annual runoff in the UAKS,UYK,and UI showed a significant increasing trend from1961 to *** annual runoff in the upper basins of the Third Pole changed abruptly from decreasing to increasing between the 1980s and 2000s,with the exception of the UYE.(2)The runoff in the monsoon-dominated upper basins has been controlled primarily by changes in precipitation over the past 55 *** contrast,the runoff in the westerlies-dominated upper basins exhibited three distinct long-term responses to climate change:temperature-dominated(UYK and UHT),precipitation-dominated(USRD and UAMD),and the combined influence of precipitation and temperature(UAKS and UI).Since the 1960s,the sensitivity of runoff to warm season temperature changes in the most westerlies-dominated upper basins has decreased,while the response of runoff to precipitation changes has intensified.(3)The stud

关键词： Upper basins of the Third Pole Climate change Westerlies and monsoon Runoff variations Large-scale circulation factors

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Applications of mercury stable isotopes for tracing volcanism in the geologic record

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1436-1458页

作者： Qing GONG Ming-Xing LING Wang ZHENG State Key Laboratory of Nuclear resources and environment East China University of TechnologyNanchang 330013China School of Earth System Science Institute of Surface-Earth System ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

Mercury(Hg)enrichments in ancient sediments have been used as a proxy of volcanism,especially large igneous province(LIP)***,considering the existence of other potential Hg sources besides volcanoes and the diverse factors(e.g.,organic matters,clay minerals,sulfide minerals and Fe oxides)that can affect Hg sequestration,there are considerable uncertainties to simply regard sedimentary Hg anomalies as signatures of volcanic *** stable isotopes,a promising tool for tracing the origins and transformations of Hg,have been increasingly used for determining the causes of Hg spikes and understanding the geochemical behavior of Hg in the geologic *** date,lots of researches have applied Hg concentrations and Hg isotopes to identify LIP volcanisms linking with significant geological events such as mass extinctions,ocean anoxic events and other environmental perturbations that mainly occurred in the ***,the results in previous studies clearly show that not all Hg enrichments are derived from volcanic inputs,which emphasize the need for more caution in using Hg as a fingerprint of *** a better understanding of Hg isotopes in the future,there will be important implications for Hg isotopes to reconstruct volcanic activities in the rock records and their impacts on biological evolution.

关键词： Mercury stable isotopes Large igneous province Mass extinction event Ocean anoxic event

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Thermal performance of cast-in-place piles with artificial ground freezing in permafrost regions

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第4期21卷 1307-1328页

作者： WANG Xinbin CHEN Kun YU Qihao GUO Lei YOU Yanhui JIN Mingyang State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

During the construction of cast-in-place piles in warm permafrost,the heat carried by concrete and the cement hydration reaction can cause strong thermal disturbance to the surrounding *** the bearing capacity of the pile is quite small before the full freeze-back,the quick refreezing of the native soils surrounding the cast-in-place pile has become the focus of the infrastructure construction in *** solve this problem,this paper innovatively puts forward the application of the artificial ground freezing(AGF)method at the end of the curing period of cast-in-place piles in permafrost.A field test on the AGF was conducted at the Beiluhe Observation and Research Station of Frozen Soil Engineering and environment(34°51.2'N,92°56.4'E)in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau(QTP),and then a 3-D numerical model was established to investigate the thermal performance of piles using AGF under different engineering ***,the long-term thermal performance of piles after the completion of AGF under different conditions was *** experiment results demonstrate that AGF is an effective method to reduce the refreezing time of the soil surrounding the piles constructed in permafrost terrain,with the ability to reduce the pile-soil interface temperatures to below the natural ground temperature within 3 *** results further prove that AGF still has a good cooling effect even under unfavorable engineering conditions such as high pouring temperature,large pile diameter,and large pile ***,the application of this method is meaningful to save the subsequent latency time and solve the problem of thermal disturbance in pile construction in *** research results are highly relevant for the spread of AGF technology and the rapid building of pile foundations in permafrost.

关键词： Permafrost engineering Cast-in-place pile Artificial ground freezing Thermal performance.

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A long-term daily gridded snow depth dataset for the Northern Hemisphere from 1980 to 2019 based on machine learning

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Big Earth Data 2024年第2期8卷 274-301页

作者： Yanxing Hu Tao Che Liyun Dai Yu Zhu Lin Xiao Jie Deng Xin Li Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research StationNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina College of resources and environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security Institute of International Rivers and Eco-SecurityYunnan UniversityKunmingChina national Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze RiverCollege of ForestrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina

A high-quality snow depth product is very import for cryospheric science and its related *** long time-series snow depth products covering the Northern Hemisphere can be divided into two categories:remote sensing snow depth products and reana-lysis snow depth ***,existing gridded snow depth products have some *** sensing-derived snow depth products are temporally and spatially discontinuous and tend to underestimate snow depth,while reanalysis snow depth products have coarse spatial resolutions and great *** overcome these problems,in our previous work we proposed a novel data fusion framework based on Random Forest Regression of snow products from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System(AMSR-E),Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2(AMSR2),Global Snow Monitoring for Climate Research(GlobSnow),the Northern Hemisphere Snow Depth(NHSD),ERA-Interim,and Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications,ver-sion 2(MERRA-2),incorporating geolocation(latitude and longitude),and topographic data(elevation),which were used as input indepen-dent *** than 30,000 ground observation sites were used as the dependent variable to train and validate the model in different time *** fusion framework resulted in a long time series of continuous daily snow depth product over the Northern Hemisphere with a spatial resolution of 0.25°.Here,we compared the fused snow depth and the original gridded snow depth products with 13,272 observation sites,showing an improved precision of our *** evaluation indices of the fused(best original)dataset yielded a coeffi-cient of determination R2 of 0.81(0.23),Root Mean Squared Error(RMSE)of 7.69(15.86)cm,and Mean Absolute Error(MAE)of 2.74(6.14)*** of the bias(88.31%)between the fused snow depth and in situ observations was in the range of−5 cm to 5 *** accuracy assessment of independent snow observation sites-Sodank

关键词： Snow depth datasets machine learning data fusion Northern Hemisphere

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Study on crustal thickness and the prediction of prolific depressions:the Bohai Basin as an example

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第4期43卷 92-104页

作者： Mengke Cai Gongcheng Zhang Wanyin Wang Dingding Wang College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710054China China national Offshore Oil Corporation(CNOOC)Research institute Co. Ltd.Beijing 100028China Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and environment Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China national Engineering Research Center of Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration Beijing 100028China Department of Earth Environment and Resources SciencesUniversity of Naples FedericoⅡNaples 80138Italy

The deep crustal structure is closely related to oil and gas *** the oil and gas enrichment of depressions based on the Moho depth and crustal thickness is a promising research topic with significant implications for guiding exploration in petroliferous *** this study,seismic data were used as a constraint on the use of satellite gravity anomaly inversion to obtain the distribution of Moho depth and crustal thickness in the Bohai *** factors were calculated to analyze the differential distribution of deep crustal structural *** indicators,including the minimum Moho depth,minimum crustal thickness,sum of Moho stretching factors,and sum of crustal stretching factors,were *** component analysis was applied to reduce the dimensionality of the multi-indicator system and obtain an oil and gas enrichment score for quantitative prediction of favorable prolific *** deviation between the inverted Moho depth and seismic constraints was small;thus,the data effectively reflect the variations in the characteristics of each *** analysis revealed significant statistical features related to the minimum Moho depth/crustal thickness and the sum of Moho/crustal stretching factors associated with prolific *** on the oil and gas enrichment score,the depressions were classified into four categories related to their different deep crustal structural *** active ClassⅠ,ClassⅡ,and ClassⅢdepressions are predicted to be favorable prolific *** study expands the research on quantitatively predicting favorable prolific depressions in the Bohai Basin using the deep crustal structure and can contribute to reducing production costs and improving exploration efficiency in future explorations.

关键词： Bohai Basin satellite gravity anomaly deep crustal structure Moho depth crustal thickness favorable prolific depression

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Causal Analysis Between Rice Growth and Cadmium Accumulation and Transfer under Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation

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Rice science 2024年第2期31卷 226-236页

作者： ZHAO Ting WANG Li YANG Jixian MA Fang State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and environment School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China

Cadmium(Cd)contamination in rice has been a serious threat to human *** investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)on the Cd translocation in rice,a controlled pot experiment was *** results indicated that AMF significantly increased rice biomass,with an increase of up to 40.0%,particularly in root biomass by up to 68.4%.Notably,the number of prominent rice individuals also increased,and their plasticity was enhanced following AMF *** led to an increase in the net photosynthetic rate and antioxidant enzyme activity of *** the AMF treatment group,the Cd concentration in the rice roots was significantly higher(19.1%‒68.0%)compared with that in the control ***,the Cd concentration in the rice seeds was lower in the AMF treatment group,indicating that AMF facilitated the sequestration of Cd in rice roots and reduced Cd accumulation in the *** coefficients varied across different treatments,suggesting that AMF inoculation reduced the direct impact of soil Cd concentration on the total Cd accumulation in *** translocation of Cd was consistently associated with simultaneous growth dilution and compensatory accumulation as a result of mycorrhizal *** study quantitatively analyzed this process through path analysis and clarified the causal relationship between rice growth and Cd transfer under the influence of AMF.

关键词： cadmium transfer dilution effect heavy metal immobilization mycorrhizal effect path analysis phenotypic plasticity

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Evaluation of a hepatic biomarker of nutritional imbalance in juvenile red drum(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed 60% soybean meal-based diets using NMR-based metabolomics

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 45-61页

作者： Fabio Casu Aaron M.Watson Justin Yost T.Gibson Gaylord Daniel W.Bearden Michael R.Denson Marine resources Research institute South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Bozeman Fish Technology Center United States Fish and Wildlife Service Marine Biochemical Sciences Group Chemical Sciences Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Hollings Marine Laboratory

A 12-week feeding trial with juvenile red drum(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed high-soybean meal(SBM) diets was conducted to investigate a putative biomarker of nutritional imbalance, N-formimino-L-glutamate(FIGLU). Three fishmeal-free, 60% SBM pelleted diets(named B12, Fol, and Met, respectively) were tested to evaluate the effects on growth performance and tissue metabolite profiles of supplementation of vitamin B12(0.012 mg/kg), folate(10 mg/kg), methionine(1 g/kg) respectively, above basal supplementation levels. A fourth SBM-based diet(named B12/Fol/Met) was formulated with a combination of B12, folate, and methionine to attain the above-mentioned target concentrations. A fifth 60% SBM diet(named FWS) with methionine supplementation(1 g/kg above basal supplementation levels), enriched with taurine, lysine and threonine as well as minerals, was also tested. This diet contained formulation targets and additives which have allowed for replacing fishmeal with plant proteins in rainbow trout feeds. Control diets included a fishmeal-based diet(named FM), an unsupplemented basal 60% SBM diet(named SBM60), and a “natural” diet(named N) made up of equal parts of fish(cigar minnows), squid and shrimp as a positive reference for growth performance. Formulated feeds contained approximately 37% total crude protein, approximately 14% total crude lipid and were energetically balanced. Standard growth performance metrics were measured, and tissues(liver, muscle) were collected at week 12 to evaluate diet-induced metabolic changes using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)-based *** results show that the FWS diet outperformed all other SBM diets and the FM diet under all performance metrics(P<0.05). FIGLU was not detected in fish fed the N diet but was detected in those fed the SBM diets and the FM diet. Fish fed the FWS diet and the Met diet showed lower hepatic levels of FIGLU compared with the other SBM-based diets(P<0.05), suggesting that among the different supplementatio

关键词： Aquaculture Metabolomics Nuclear magnetic resonance Red drum Soybean meal N-Formimino-L-glutamate

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A demand forecasting model for urban air mobility in Chengdu,China

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Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation 2024年第3期3卷 11-23页

作者： Wenqiu Qu Jie Huang Chenglong Li Xiaohan Liao State Key Laboratory of resources and environment Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of resources and environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Civil Aviation Flight University of China Guanghan618307China The Research Center for UAV Applications and Regulation CASBeijing 100101China

The successful application of new technologies such as remotely piloted aircraft systems,distributed electric propulsion systems,and automatic control systems on electric vertical take-off and landing(eVTOL)aircraft has prompted Urban Air Mobility(UAM)to be mentioned *** is a newly raised transport mode of using eVTOL aircraft to transport people and cargo in urban areas,which is thought to share some of the traffic on the *** of the prerequisites for UAM to operate on a regular basis is that its demand can support the operating costs,so forecasting UAM demand is *** conduct UAM demand forecasting based on the four-step method,focusing on improving the third-step modal split,and propose a demand forecasting model based on the logit *** model combines a nested logit(NL)model with a multinomial logit(MNL)model to solve the problem of non-existent UAM sharing *** use Chengdu,China as an example,and focus on forecasting the UAM traffic demand in 2030 with the help of the four-step *** results show that UAM is suitable for shared operation during the early *** a fully shared operation,the UAM share rate increases by 0.73%for every kilometer increase in ***,UAM is more competitive than other modes for delivery distances exceeding 15 ***,using the distributions of the share rate and traffic flow pattern from the simulation,we propose the routes that can be prioritized for UAM operations in Chengdu.

关键词： Urban air mobility Four-step method Demand forecasting Logit model Share rate

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First-principles study on the heterogeneous formation of environmentally persistent free radicals(EPFRs)overα-Fe2O3(0001)surface:Effect of oxygen vacancy

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 279-289页

作者： Wenxiao Pan Shuming He Qiao Xue Xian Liu Jianjie Fu Kang Xiao Aiqian Zhang State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China School of environment Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310012China College of resources and environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone national Research Station University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China

Metal oxides with oxygen vacancies have a significant impact on catalytic activity for the transformation of organic pollutants in waste-to-energy(WtE)incineration *** study aims to investigate the influence of hematite surface oxygen point defects on the formation of environmentally persistent free radicals(EPFRs)from phenolic compounds based on the first-principles *** oxygen-deficient conditions were considered:oxygen vacancies at the top surface and on the *** simulations indicate that the adsorption strength of phenol on theα-Fe_(2)O_(3)(0001)surface is enhanced by the presence of oxygen ***,the presence of oxygen vacancies has a negative impact on the dissociation of the phenol molecule,particularly for the surface with a defective point at the top ***-kinetic parameters were established over a temperature range of300-1000 K,and lower reaction rate constants were observed for the scission of phenolic O-H bonds over the oxygen-deficient surfaces compared to the pristine *** negative effects caused by the oxygen-deficient conditions could be attributed to the local reduction of FeⅢto FeⅡ,which lower the oxidizing ability of surface reaction *** findings of this study provide us a promising approach to regulate the formation of EPFRs.

关键词： EPFR formation Phenol dissociation Oxygen-vacancy impact Hematite surface First-principles calculation

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Rapid Energy Exchange between In Situ Formed Bromine Vacancies and CO_(2)Molecules Enhances CO_(2)Photoreduction

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Research 2024年第2期2023卷 763-771页

作者： Qin Ren Ye He Hong Wang Yanjuan Sun Fan Dong Research Center for environmental and Energy Catalysis Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China School of resources and environment University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China

Photocatalytic reduction of CO_(2)into fuels provides a prospective tactic for regulating the global carbon balance utilizing renewable solar ***,CO_(2)molecules are difficult to activate and reduce due to the thermodynamic stability and chemical *** this work,we develop a novel strategy to promote the adsorption and activation of CO_(2)molecules via the rapid energy exchange between the photoinduced Br vacancies and CO_(2)*** in situ continuous wave-electron paramagnetic resonance(cw-EPR)and pulsed EPR technologies,we observe that the spin-spin relaxation time(T_(2))of BiOBr is decreased by 198 ns during the CO_(2)photoreduction reaction,which is further confirmed by the broadened EPR *** result reveals that there is an energy exchange interaction between in situ formed Br vacancies and CO_(2)molecules,which promotes the formation of high-energy CO_(2)molecules to facilitate the subsequent reduction *** addition,theoretical calculations indicate that the bended CO_(2)adsorption configuration on the surface of BiOBr with Br vacancies caused the decrease of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the CO_(2)molecule,which makes it easier for CO_(2)molecules to acquire electrons and get *** situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy further shows that the activated CO_(2)molecules are favorably converted to key intermediates of COOH*,resulting in a CO generation rate of 9.1μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)and a selectivity of 100%.This study elucidates the underlying mechanism of CO_(2)activation at active sites and deepens the understanding of CO_(2)photoreduction reaction.

关键词： reaction. adsorption activation

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