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Model gradient: unified model and policy learning in model-based reinforcement learning

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第4期18卷 117-128页

作者： chengxing JIA Fuxiang ZHANG Tian XU Jing-cheng PANG Zongzhang ZHANG Yang YU national Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Polixir Technologies Nanjing 210000China

Model-based reinforcement learning is a promising direction to improve the sample efficiency of reinforcement learning with learning a model of the *** model learning methods aim at fitting the transition data,and commonly employ a supervised learning approach to minimize the distance between the predicted state and the real *** supervised model learning methods,however,diverge from the ultimate goal of model learning,i.e.,optimizing the learned-in-the-model *** this work,we investigate how model learning and policy learning can share the same objective of maximizing the expected return in the real *** find model learning towards this objective can result in a target of enhancing the similarity between the gradient on generated data and the gradient on the real *** thus derive the gradient of the model from this target and propose the Model Gradient algorithm(MG)to integrate this novel model learning approach with policy-gradient-based policy *** conduct experiments on multiple locomotion control tasks and find that MG can not only achieve high sample efficiency but also lead to better convergence performance compared to traditional model-based reinforcement learning approaches.

关键词： reinforcement learning model-based reinforcement learning Markov decision process

Intelligent representation method of image flatness for cold rolled strip

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第5期31卷 1177-1195页

作者： Yang-huan Xu Dong-cheng Wang Hong-min Liu Bo-wei Duan national Engineering Research Center for Equipment and Technology of Cold Strip Rolling Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004HebeiChina national Key Laboratory of Metal Forming Technology and Heavy Equipment China National Heavy Machinery Research Institute Co.Ltd.Xi’an710018ShaanxiChina State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004HebeiChina

Real flatness images are the bases for flatness detection based on machine vision of cold rolled *** characteristics of a real flatness image are analyzed,and a lightweight strip location detection(SLD)model with deep semantic segmentation networks is *** interference areas in the real flatness image can be eliminated by the SLD model,and valid information can be *** this basis,the concept of image flatness is proposed for the first *** image flatness representation(IFAR)model is established on the basis of an autoencoder with a new *** optimal structure of the bottleneck layer is 16×16×4,and the IFAR model exhibits a good representation ***,interpretability analysis of the representation factors is carried out,and the difference and physical meaning of the representation factors for image flatness with different categories are *** flatness with new defect morphologies(bilateral quarter waves and large middle waves)that are not present in the original dataset are generated by modifying the representation factors of the no wave ***,the SLD and IFAR models are used to detect and represent all the real flatness images on the test *** average processing time for a single image is 11.42 ms,which is suitable for industrial *** research results provide effective methods and ideas for intelligent flatness detection technology based on machine vision.

关键词： Cold rolled strip Image flatness Location detection Representation learning Bottleneck layer

用于图像隐写和多密钥信息加密的单尺寸超表面（英文）

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Engineering 2024年第10期41卷 61-70页

作者： Congling Liang Tian Huang Qi Dai Zile Li Shaohua Yu Electronic Information School Wuhan University Suzhou Institute of Wuhan university Peng cheng Laboratory

With the escalating flow of information and digital communication, information security has become an increasingly important issue. Traditional cryptographic methods are being threatened by advancing progress in computing, while physical encryption methods are favored as a viable and compelling ***, which are known for their extraordinary ability to manipulate optical parameters at the nanoscale, exhibit significant potential for the revolution of optical devices, making them a highly promising candidate for optical encryption applications. Here, a single-sized metasurface with four independent channels is proposed for conducting steganography and multi-key information encryption. More specifically, plaintext is transformed into a ciphertext image, which is encoded into a metasurface, while the decryption key is discretely integrated into another channel within the same metasurface. Two different keys for steganographic image unveiling are also encoded into the metasurface and can be retrieved with different channels and spatial positions. This distributed multi-key encryption approach can enhance security, while strategically distributing images across distinct spatial zones serves as an additional measure to reduce the risk of information leakage. This minimalist designed metasurface, with its advantages of high information density and robust security, holds promise across applications including portable encryption, high-camouflaged image display, and high-density optical storage.

关键词： Metasurface Multi-channel Steganography Encryption

A large language model-powered literature review for high-angle annular dark field imaging

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第9期33卷 76-81页

作者： Wenhao Yuan cheng Peng Qian He Department of Material Science and Engineering College of Design and EngineeringNational University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1EA#03-09117575Singapore Centre for Hydrogen Innovations National University of SingaporeE81 Engineering Drive 3117580Singapore

High-angle annular dark field(HAADF)imaging in scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)has become an indispensable tool in materials science due to its ability to offer sub-°A resolution and provide chemical information through *** study leverages large language models(LLMs)to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of a large amount of HAADF-related literature(more than 41000 papers).By using LLMs,specifically ChatGPT,we were able to extract detailed information on applications,sample preparation methods,instruments used,and study *** findings highlight the capability of LLMs to provide a new perspective into HAADF imaging,underscoring its increasingly important role in materials ***,the rich information extracted from these publications can be harnessed to develop AI models that enhance the automation and intelligence of electron microscopes.

关键词： large language models high-angle annular dark field imaging deep learning

Discovery of Partial Differential Equations from Highly Noisy and Sparse Data with Physics-Informed Information Criterion

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 247-259页

作者： Hao Xu Junsheng Zeng Dongxiao Zhang BIC-ESAT EREand SKLTCSCollege of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871P.R.China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100088P.R.China Eastern Institute for Advanced Study Eastern Institute of TechnologyNingbo 315200ZhejiangP.R.China national Center for Applied Mathematics Shenzhen(NCAMS) Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055GuangdongP.R.China Department of Mathematics and Theories Peng Cheng LaboratoryShenzhen 518000GuangdongP.R.China

Data-driven discovery of partial differential equations(PDEs)has recently made tremendous progress,and many canonical PDEs have been discovered successfully for proof of ***,determining the most proper PDE without prior references remains challenging in terms of practical *** this work,a physics-informed information criterion(PIC)is proposed to measure the parsimony and precision of the discovered PDE *** proposed PIC achieves satisfactory robustness to highly noisy and sparse data on 7 canonical PDEs from different physical scenes,which confirms its ability to handle difficult *** PIC is also employed to discover unrevealed macroscale governing equations from microscopic simulation data in an actual physical *** results show that the discovered macroscale PDE is precise and parsimonious and satisfies underlying symmetries,which facilitates understanding and simulation of the physical *** proposition of the PIC enables practical applications of PDE discovery in discovering unrevealed governing equations in broader physical scenes.

关键词： process canonical proof

Tetradentate Pt(Ⅱ)complex as a singlet exciton sensitizing host for highly efficient green fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes

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Science China Materials 2024年第8期67卷 2618-2627页

作者： Unhyeok Jo Seung Chan Kim Chan Hee Ryu Kang Mun Lee Jae-Min Kim Jun Yeob Lee School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwon-siGyeonggi-do 16419Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion TechnologyKangwon National UniversityChuncheonGangwon 24341Republic of Korea Department of Advanced Materials Engineering Chung-Ang University4726Seodong-daeroDaedeok-myeonAnseong-siGyeonggi-do 17546Republic of Korea SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology Sungkyunkwan University2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwonGyeonggi 16419Republic of Korea SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology Sungkyunkwan University2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwonGyeonggi 16419Republic of Korea

Efficient green fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes were designed with a phosphorescent metal complex as a singlet exciton sensitizing host(SESH)for achieving high efficiency and low efficiency roll-off through exciton and polaron *** Pt(Ⅱ)complex(Pt-Trz)possessing a tetradentate ligand with a bulky blocking group not only suppresses the severe formation of excimer or dimer itself but also transfers radiative excitons to fluorescent dopant *** SESH assisted fluorescence(SESHF)device with Pt-Trz as the host exhibits the maximum external quantum efficiency of 13.3%and a lower efficiency roll-off compared with exciplex host device which is a general approach for harvesting triplet *** exciton dynamics modeling unravels that the SESHF device effectively utilizes triplet excitons in the host by intersystem crossing and resonance energy transfer from the triplet state of the host to the singlet state of the terminal *** quenching rates of the SESHF device are reduced by 11 times for triplet-triplet annihilation and 1.8 times for tripletpolaron annihilation compared with the exciplex device,which demonstrates that Pt-Trz could be a platform to be used as an efficient host for fluorophores.

关键词： singlet annihilation polaron

Improving constraint onΩ_(m)from SDSS using marked correlation functions

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第8期67卷 207-224页

作者： Limin Lai Jiacheng Ding Xiaolin Luo Yizhao Yang Zihan Wang Keshi Liu Guanfu Liu Xin Wang Yi Zheng Zhaoyu Li Le Zhang Xiao-Dong Li School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai CampusZhuhai 519082China Department of Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Astronomy Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China CSST Science Center for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area SYSUZhuhai 519082China Peng cheng Laboratory Shenzhen 518000China

Large-scale structure(LSS)surveys will increasingly provide stringent constraints on our cosmological ***,the density-marked correlation function(MCF)has been introduced,offering an easily computable density-correlation *** have demonstrated that MCFs offer additional,independent constraints on cosmological models beyond the standard two-point correlation(2PCF).In this study,we apply MCFs for the first time to SDSS CMASS data,aiming to investigate the statistical information regarding clustering and anisotropy properties in the Universe and assess the performance of various weighting schemes in MCFs,and finally obtain constraints onΩ_(m).Upon analyzing the CMASS data,we observe that,by combining different weights(α=[-0.2,0,0.2,0.6]),the MCFs provide a tight and independent constraint on the cosmological parameterΩ_(m),yieldingΩ_(m)=0.293±0.006 at the 1σlevel,which represents a significant reduction in the statistical error by a factor of 3.4 compared to that from *** constraint is consistent with recent findings from the small-scale clustering of BOSS galaxies(Zhai et ***.J.948,99(2023))within the 1σ***,we also find that our estimate is lower than the Planck measurements by about 2.6σ,indicating the potential presence of new physics beyond the standard cosmological model if all the systematics are fully *** method outlined in this study can be extended to other surveys and datasets,allowing for the constraint of other cosmological ***,it serves as a valuable tool for forthcoming emulator analysis on the Chinese Space Station Telescope(CSST).

关键词： large scale structure of universe dark energy cosmological parameters marked weighted correlation function

Lp Boundedness of Fourier Integral Operators in the Class S1,0

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2023年第1期39卷 37-98页

作者： Ing-Lung HWANG Department of Mathematics “National Chung Cheng University of Taiwan”

We prove the following properties:(1) Let a ∈ Λ1,0,k,k’m0(Rn×Rn) with m0=-1|1/p-1/2|(n-1),n≥2(1 n/p,k’> 0;2≤p≤∞,k>n/2,k’>0 respectively).Suppose the phase function S is positively homogeneous in ξ-variables,non-degenerate and satisfies certain *** the Fourier integral operator T is *** the method of(1),we can obtain the Lp-boundedness of the Fourier integral operator if(2) the symbol a ∈ Λ1,δ,k,k’m0, 0≤δ≤1,with m0,k,k’ and S given as in(1).Also,the method of(1) gives:(3) a ∈ Λ1,δ,k,k’0,0≤δ<1 and k,k’given as in(1),then the Lp-boundedness of the pseudo-differential operators holds,1

关键词： Fourier integral operator L p -boundedness 35S30

Tuning electronic structure of RuO_(2)by single atom Zn and oxygen vacancies to boost oxygen evolution reaction in acidic medium

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 94-102,I0003页

作者： Qing Qin Tiantian Wang Zijian Li Guolin Zhang Haeseong Jang Liqiang Hou Yu Wang Min Gyu Kim Shangguo Liu Xien Liu College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042ShandongChina Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Advanced Materials Engineering Chung-Ang UniversityAnseong-siGyeonggi-do 17546SeoulRepublic of Korea Beamline Research Division Pohang Accelerator Laboratory(PAL)Pohang 37673Gyeongsangbuk-doRepublic of Korea

The poor stability of RuO_(2)electrocatalysts has been the primary obstacles for their practical application in polymer electrolyte membrane *** dramatically enhance the durability of RuO_(2)to construct activity-stability trade-off model is full of significance but ***,a single atom Zn stabilized RuO_(2)with enriched oxygen vacancies(SA Zn-RuO_(2))is developed as a promising alternative to iridium oxide for acidic oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Compared with commercial RuO_(2),the enhanced Ru–O bond strength of SA Zn-RuO_(2)by forming Zn-O-Ru local structure motif is favorable to stabilize surface Ru,while the electrons transferred from Zn single atoms to adjacent Ru atoms protects the Ru active sites from ***,the optimized surrounding electronic structure of Ru sites in SA ZnRuO_(2)decreases the adsorption energies of OER intermediates to reduce the reaction *** a result,the representative SA Zn-RuO_(2)exhibits a low overpotential of 210 mV to achieve 10 mA cm^(-2)and a greatly enhanced durability than commercial RuO_(2).This work provides a promising dual-engineering strategy by coupling single atom doping and vacancy for the tradeoff of high activity and catalytic stability toward acidic OER.

关键词： Electrocatalyst Acidic oxygen evolution reaction Electronic structure engineering Durability Reaction barrier