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HIV Infection and Associated Factors Among Out-of-School MSM Aged 16–24 Years—6 Cities and Tianjin Municipality,China,2022–2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第3期6卷 45-50页

作者： Hui Liu Qiyu Zhu Lei Zhang Yujing Liu Peng Xu Mengjie Han national center for aids/std control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Chinese Association of std and aids prevention and control BeijingChina Beijing Chaoyang Kangzhong Health and Education center BeijingChina

What is already known about this topic?Approximately 80%of newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)cases among individuals aged 15–24 years in China are attributed to out-ofschool youth.What is added by this report?This study presents findings on HIV prevalence and comprehensive insights into HIV service utilization,risky behaviors,and prevention knowledge among young out-of-school men who have sex with men(MSM)aged 16–24 years in China.This population exhibits a disproportionately high burden of HIV,with only 51.6%of HIV cases previously diagnosed.What are the implications for public health practice?HIV services should be expanded to include these key populations.Tailored interventions are needed to remove barriers to regular HIV services faced by young key populations.

关键词： prevention remove expanded

Characteristics of the HIV/aids Epidemic among People Aged≥50 Years in China during 2018–2021

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期37卷 399-405页

作者： HOU Yu Shan JIN Yi Chen CAI Chang TANG Hou Lin QIN Qian Qian LYU Fan national center for aids/std control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China

Objective This study aimed to determine the current epidemiological status of PLWHA aged≥50 years in China from 2018 to 2021.It also aimed to recommend targeted interventions for the prevention and treatment of HIV/aids in elderly patients.Methods Data on newly reported cases of PLWHA,aged≥50 years in China from 2018 to 2021,were collected using the CRIMS.Trend tests and spatial analyses were also conducted.Results Between 2018 and 2021,237,724 HIV/aids cases were reported among patients aged≥50 years in China.The main transmission route was heterosexual transmission(91.24%).Commercial heterosexual transmission(CHC)was the primary mode of transmission among males,while non-marital non-CHC([NMNCHC];60.59%)was the prevalent route in women.The proportion of patients with CHC decreased over time(Z=67.716,Paids cases exhibited spatial clustering.Based on these results,the expansion of HIV testing,treatment,and integrated behavioral interventions in high-risk populations is recommended to enhance disease detection in key regions.

关键词： HIV/aids Aged≥50 years China

Field Evaluation of Alternative Testing Strategies for the Detection of HIV Infection in Beijing

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2007年第4期20卷 265-268页

作者： FA-XIN HEI YAN JIANG WEI-DONG SUN QI-YUN ZHANG QIN ZHANG JING-RONG YE HAI-LIN LIU HONG-YAN LU AND XIONG HE Division of std/aids prevention Beijing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100013 China national center for aids/std control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China

To identify a cost-efficient altemative antibody testing strategy for screening and confirmation of HIV infection by rapid simple tests （RSTs） and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays （ELISAs）. Methods Four RSTs （RST1, RST2, RST3, and RST4 ） and five ELISAs （ELISA1, ELISA2, ELISA3, ELISA4, and ELISA5） were evaluated in two phases by using banked and serum specimens prospectively collected at regional hospitals and voluntary counseling and testing （VCT） centers in Beijing. A total of 200 banked serum specimens were included in the first phase, including 62 HIV-positive, 127 HIV-negative and 11 indeterminate specimens. All specimens were tested by four RSTs and five ELISAs respectively. The second phase involved prospective testing of 389 routine specimens, including 92 HIV-positive, 287 HIV-negative, and 10 indeterminate specimens. All the specimens were tested by two RSTs （RST2 and RST4） and three ELISAs （ELISA1, ELISA3, and ELISA4）, which were selected for their respective excellent sensitivity and/or specificity. Westem blot （WB） was used as a gold standard for confirming the reactivity of all the specimens. Results Sensitivity, specificity, and efficacy were calculated for each assay in two phases. In the first phase, four assays （ELISA4, RST2, RST3, and RST4） had a specificity of 100%. For the determination of efficacy, ELISA4, RST2, and RST4 were selected in the second phase. ELISA1 and ELISA3 which have a sensitivity of 95.9% and 93.2% respectively also entered this phase. In the second phase, all the five assays （ELISA1, ELISA3, ELISA4, RST2, and RST4） had a sensitivity and specifity of over 90%. ELISA1 had a sensitivity of 99% and ELISA4 a specificity of 99%. Conclusion The sensitivity ELISA1 and the specificit of ELISA4 are comparable to ELISA/WB standard strategy. Application of this alternative testing strategy provides a cost-effective method for determining HIV prevalence in Beijing.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus type-l Altemative testing strategy Rapid simple test Enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay

CTL Responses to Regulatory Proteins Tat and Rev in HIV-1 B’/C Virus-Infected Individuals

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2008年第4期21卷 314-318页

作者： MING-MING JIA KUN-XUE HONG JIAN-PING CHEN HONG-WEI LIU SHA LIU XIAO-QING ZHANG HONG-JING ZHAO YI-MING SHAO Branch of aids State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control national center for aids/std control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China

Objective To characterize HIV-1 specific CTL responses to regulatory proteins Tat and Rev in HIV-B＇/C virus-infected ART-naive individuals. Methods HIV-1-specific CTL responses were analyzed by IFN-7 ELISPOT assay using overlapping peptides spanning the consensus sequences of HIV-1 clade C Tat and Rev proteins. Statistical analysis and graphical presentation were performed using SIGMAPLOT 10.0 and SIGMASTAT 3.5. For samples with a positive response, the magnitude of CTL responses was compared between HIV-1 C proteins by Wilcoxon rank sum test, and the significance threshold was P〈0.05. Results Tat and Rev were frequently recognized, with 23% and 52% of the tested individuals having detectable responses to these proteins, respectively. Several immunodominant regions were detected in Rev. No significant correlation was observed between the magnitude and breadth of CTL responses to regulatory proteins and the control of virus replication in this study. Conclusion Tat and Rev can serve as targets for HIV-l-specific CTL, and several immunodominant regions are detectable in Rev. Further characterization of epitopes and their role in virus control may shed light on pathogenesis of HIV- 1 natural infection and also be useful for the design and testing of candidate vaccines.

关键词： HIV-1 Immune responses ELISPOT Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes

Estimation and Projection of the HIV Epidemic Trend among the Migrant Population in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2011年第4期24卷 343-348页

作者： MENGXiaoJun WANG Lu Susan CHAN Kathleen Heather REILLY PENG ZhiHang GUO Wei DING GuoWei DING ZhengWei QIN QianQian national center for aids/std control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206 China Department of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029 Jiangsu China

Objective The migrant population is a vulnerable group for HIV infection in China.Understanding potential epidemic trends among migrants is critical for developing HIV preventative measures in this population.Methods The Estimation and Projection Package （EPP） model was used to process prefecture and county-level surveillance data to generate HIV prevalence and epidemic trends for migrant populations in China.Results The prevalence of HIV among migrants in 2009 was estimated at 0.075% （95% CI：0.042%,0.108%） in China.The HIV epidemic among migrants is likely to increase over the next 5 years,with the prevalence expected to reach 0.110% （95% CI：0.070%,0.150%） by 2015.Conclusion Although the 2009 estimates for the HIV/aids epidemic in China indicate a slower rate of increase compared with the national HIV/aids epidemic,it is estimated to persistently increase among migrants over the next 5 years.Migrants will have a strong impact on the overall future of the HIV epidemic trend in China and evidence-based prevention and monitoring efforts should be expanded for this vulnerable population.

关键词： China Transients and migrants Estimation and projection package HIV/aids

Living Conditions and Palliative Care Needs among End-of-Life Former Commercial Plasma Donors Affected with HIV/aids in Rural Henan of China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2010年第4期23卷 279-286页

作者： Yu SHENG ZE-QI QIU YUN HE NAOMI JUNIPER YAN ZHANG School of Nursing Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100144 China center for Disease control and prevention Zhengzhou 450016 Henan China national center for aids/std control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease control and prevention Beijing 102206 China

Objective China began providing antiretroviral therapy to people living with HIV/aids （PLWHA） in 2003. This study was to investigate the living conditions, including quality of life and happiness, and need for palliative care of end-of-life PLWHA in rural Henan. Methods One hundred end-of-life aids patients were selected from Weishi, Zhenping and Tanghe counties in Henan, using convenience sampling. The World Health Organization Quality of Life for HIV （WHOQOL-HIV） BREF Chinese Version was used to measure the quality of life and the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness （MUNSH） was employed to measure subjective welfare. Qualitative interviews and focus group discussions were undertaken to learn about the palliative care provided and the specific needs of the end-of-life patients. Results Patients’ overall quality of life was moderate （12.62±1.97）. Highest scores were in the spirituality/religion/personal beliefs, higher than the average scores in the Chinese population （P0.01）, while psychological （13.58±2.06） and environment （12.50±3.28） domain scores were similar to the latter （P0.05）. Both independence （12.15±2.15） and physiological （14.04±3.16） domain scores were lower than the average of the people living with HIV/aids in other studies （P0.01）; however, all were in the moderate range. The average MUNSH score was 21.00±6.20, which was also moderate. The in-depth interviews indicated that the Henan Provincial Government’s policy of treatment and care had a beneficial impact on end-of-life aids patients, although the care components could be improved. Conclusions Living conditions of the end-of-life aids patients were moderate, and the HIV/aids palliative care model used was beneficial to them. Care could be improved by assisting the family unit as a whole.

关键词： Living conditions People living with HIV/ aids PLWHA End-of-life China Plasma donors

Nef Mutations in Long-term Non-progressors from Former Plasma Donors Infected with HIV-1 Subtype B in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2008年第6期21卷 485-491页

作者： SHU-HUA WANG HUI XING XIANG HE FENG-XIA ZHU ZHE-FENG MENG Yu-HUA RUAN YI-MING SHAO State Key Laboratory for Infection Diseases prevention and control National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China The General Hospital of Civil Aviation Administration of China Beijing 100025 China

Objective To study the specific amino acid variation in Nef that may be related to disease progression after infection with HIV-1 subtype B, a predominant strain circulating in China, and to determine whether changes in Nef secondary structure may influence different stages of aids development based on the concept that the Nef gene of HIV infection dramatically alter the severity of viral infection and virus replication and disease progression, and that long-term non-progressors （LTNP） of HIV infection are commonly associated with either a deletion of the Nef gene or the defective Nef alleles. Methods The study subjects were divided into LTNPI（n=14）, LTNP2 （n=16） and slow progressor （SP, n=19） groups for mutational analysis of the Nef sequence. The data were obtained by using Bioedit, MEGA, Anthewin and SAS software. Results Residues in Nef TA48/49 and K151 occurred more frequently in the LTNP group while AA48/49 was more frequently observed in the SP group. Of the differences observed in the secondary structure comparison using Nef consensus sequences of these three groups, one was roughly corresponding to the Nef48/49 mutation site. Conclusion TA48/49, Kiss, and AA48/49 in the Nef gene might be associated with the different stages of HIV infection, and there may be a link between the Nef secondary structure and the progression of HIV- 1 infection.

关键词： HIV-1 Nef Long-term nonprogressors Sequence mutations Secondary structure prediction

Disease Progression Patterns of SHIV-KB9 in Rhesus Macaques of Chinese Origin in Comparison with Indian Macaques

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2008年第4期21卷 302-307页

作者： QIANG LIU GUI-BO YANG HUI ZHAO QIANG WEI HUI XING CHUAN QIN YI-MING SHAO State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases prevention and control National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China Institute of Laboratory Animal Science Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences （CAMS） and Peking Union Medical College （PUMC） Beijing 100021 China

Objective To develop a model of SHIV-KB9/Chinese origin rhesus （Ch Rh） macaques for vaccine research and to compare the pathogenesis of SHIV-KB9 in Ch Rh macaques with that reported in Indian rhesus （Ind Rh） macaques. Methods Seven mamu-A＊01 negative Ch Rh macaques were inoculated intravenously with 1-10000 MID50 of SHIV-KB9. The monkeys were monitored for viral load, CD4, CDS, SHIV-specific antibody and virus genetic variation. The results were compared with those previously observed in Ind Rh macaques. Results As compared to that observed in Ind Rh macaques, SHIV-KB9 in Ch Rh macaques displayed three identical disease progression patterns. However, the primary pattern was not identical between the two subspecies. The level of plasma viremia differed in SHIV-KB9-infected Ch Rh macaques which exhibited different outcomes from those in Ind Rh macaques. Generally, the values of viral load and the maintenance of CD4^＋ T cells were associated with humoral responses. Otherwise, the viral genetic distances （divergence, diversity） were larger in animals （M419, M425） with their CD4^＋ T cells profoundly depleted. Conclusion The model of SHIV-KB9/Ch Rh macaques displays a relatively slow progression to aids compared with Ind Rh macaques, which may more accurately reflect the potential of candidate vaccines in humans.

关键词： SHIV-KB9 Rhesus macaque Subspecies Viral load CD4/CD8 ratio Antibody titer Gene variation

In Vitro Anti-HIV Activity of a Chinese Fungus Extract

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2006年第3期19卷 169-172页

作者： ZI-CHUN XIANG YAN JIANG SHUN-KING GUO Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Peking Union Medical College ＆ Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100094 China national center for aids/std control and prevention （NCaids） Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of the mycelium extract from a Chinese fungus （MI） on HIV-I and its mode of action. Methods Several in vitro methods including time of action, time of addition and PCR were used to test the mode of action of M 1. Results M 1 inhibited acute HIV infection in vitro and was effective when it was added 12 h after infection. PCR analysis of infected cells demonstrated that MI delayed the appearance of late product of reverse transcription and HIV was blocked before its RNA expression. Conclusion The target of M 1 is post-integration of proviral DNA.

关键词： Fungus extract Anti-HIV-1 activity PCR