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Growth performance,gastrointestinal weight,microbial metabolites and apparent retention of components in broiler chickens fed up to 11%rice bran in a corn-soybean meal diet without or with a multi-enzyme supplement

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第1期5卷 41-48页

作者： Juan Sanchez Aizwarya Thanabalan Tanka Khanal Rob Patterson Bogdan A.Slominski Elijah Kiarie department of Animal biosciences University of Guelph Canadian Bio-Systems Inc. department of Animal Science University of Manitoba

We investigated the effects of adding up to 11% rice bran(RB) in corn-soybean meal diets fed to broiler chickens without or with a multi-enzyme supplement(MES). The MES supplied xylanase, b-glucanase invertase, protease, cellulase, a-amylase and mannanase with targeted activity of 2,500, 300, 700, 10,0001,200, 24,000, and 20 U/kg of feed, respectively. The study used a two-phase feeding program(starter d 0 to 24; finisher, d 25 to 35) with RB added at 5% and 11%, respectively creating 4 diets in each phase diets were iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous and contained phytase(500 FTU/kg) and TiO_2 as a digestibility marker. Three hundred and sixty d-old male Ross 708 broiler chicks were placed in cages based on BW(15 birds/cage) and allocated to 4 diets(n = 6). Birds had free access to feed and water. Body weight and feed intake were recorded. Excreta samples were collected 3 d prior to the end of each phase for apparent retention(AR) of components. Samples of birds were sacrificed on d 24 and 35 for gut weight and ceca digesta for organic acid content. There was no interaction(P > 0.10) between RB and MES on BWG and FCR in starter or finisher phase. In finisher phase, birds fed MES had better BWG(961 versus 858 g) and FCR(1.69 versus 1.86) than birds fed non-MES diets(P ding RB reduced(P = 0.02) BWG in finisher phase resulting in lower d 35 BW. Birds fed RB had higher(P 0.01) gizzard weight on d 24 and 35 than non-RB birds. An interaction(P 0.01) between RB and MES on concentrations of propionic and iso-butyric acids in ceca digesta showed that MES reduced these acids in non-RB diet. The AR of gross energy was higher(P ds in starter and finisher phases. In conclusion independently, RB increased gizzard weight and reduced final BW whereas MES improved growth and energy utilization.

关键词： Broiler chickens Growth performance Gut weight Microbial activity Multi-enzyme supplement Rice bran

Modelling sulphate-enhanced cadmium uptake by Zea mays from nutrient solution under conditions of constant free Cd^(2+) ion activity

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第7期22卷 1080-1085页

作者： Ulrico J.López-Chuken Scott d.Young division of Environmental Sciences School of ChemistryUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León division of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences School of Biosciencesthe University of Nottingham

A controlled hydroponic experiment was undertaken to investigate Cd uptake in relation to the activity of Cd species in solution other than the free ion （Cd^2＋） by maintaining a constant Cd^2＋ activity under variable SO4^2- and Cl^- concentrations exposed to maize （Zea mays vat. Cameron） plants. The objectives of these experiments were：（1） to distinguish and quantify the different uptake rates of free and inorganic-complexed Cd from nutrient solution, and （2） to model the uptake of Cd by maize with a Biotic Ligand Model （BLM） in a system which facilitates the close examination of root characteristics. Results of the current experiments suggest that, in addition to the free ion, CdSO4^0 complexes are important factors in determining Cd uptake in nutrient solution by maize plants. Higher nominal SO4^2- concentrations in solution generally resulted in a greater Cd accumulation by maize plants than predicted by the Cd^2＋ activity. A better integration of the complete dataset for the 3 harvest times （6, 9 and 11 days after treatment） was achieved by including consideration of both the duration of Cd exposure and especially the root surface area to express Cd uptake. Similarly, the fit of the BLM was also improved when taking into account exposure time and expressing uptake in terms of root morphological parameters.

关键词： free ion activity model biotic ligand model root surface area Cd complexation metal exposure time hydroponics plant uptake

Effect of interferon plus ribavirin therapy on hepatitis C virus genotype 3 patients from Pakistan:Treatment response,side effects and future prospective

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第2期8卷 85-89页

作者： Yasir Waheed Atta ur Rahman School of Applied biosciences National University of Sciences & Technology(NUST)Islamabad 44000Pakistan

More than 10 million people are suffering from hepatitis C virus(HCV) in Pakistan,The available treatment option is a combination of interferon and *** response is linked with several factors and also induces a number of side *** searched in *** Medi Net and Coogle Scholar for the articles presenting the effect of interferon plus ribavirin therapy on HCV patients from Pakistan,their side effects and future *** major prevalent HCV genotype in Pakistan is *** interferon alpha plus ribavirin showed sustained virological response of 54%-64%while pegylaled interferon alpha plus ribavirin showed sustained virological response of 58%-75%.IL-28 B CC genotype is linked with better sustained virological *** on patients with HCV genotype 3 infections showed no correlation between treatment response and interferon sensitivity determining region *** therapy is linked with a number of side effects like thyroid *** disorders,weight loss,gastrointestinal tract side effects and neuropsychiatric side *** side effects of clubbing of fingers and seizures were also observed in a couple of *** alpha plus ribavirin therapy showed better response rate in HCV genotype 3 patients from Pakistan with number of side effects.A couple of interferon free therapies are light of hope for the patients living with HCV.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Interferon therapy Genotype 3

Effects of Ovariectomy and 17<i>β</i>-Estradiol Replacement on dopamine d2 Receptors in Female Rats: Consequences on Sucrose, Alcohol, Water Intakes and Body Weight

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2018年第1期8卷 1-25页

作者： Abdoulaye Ba Seydou Silué Brahima Bamba Lociné Bamba Serge-Vastien Gahié Université Félix Houphouë t-Boigny UFR Biosciences Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire

Background: Mechanisms underlying overeating-induced obesity in post-menopausal woman include functional lack of 17β-estradiol dysregulating dopamine d2 receptors, thereby inducing food addiction, glucose craving or alcohol dependence through reward circuitry. This study aimed at further understanding 17β-estradiol and dopamine d2 receptors interferences in the etiology of woman obesity. Method: Seventy-two Wistar female rats weighing 200 - 205 g, individually-housed, were divided into non-ovariectomized control (C = 6 groups) and ovariectomized rats (OVX = 6 groups) which were concurrently subjected to the following treatments: Non-drug-treated (dMSO vehicle), 17β-estradiol (E2, 5 μg/kg, s.c.), sulpiride (SUL, 20 mg/kg, i.p.), bromocriptine (BR, 0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), E2 + SUL or E2 + BR, designating the 6 constitutive groups of either control or ovariectomy. Within each experimental group, consumption of different solutions (10% alcohol, 10% sucrose and water) as well as food intake and body weight were daily measured, for 10 consecutive days. Results: This study indicated that d2S was a specific inducer of alcohol and food intakes, but reduced sugar consumption. In addition, 17β- estradiol regulated the body weight set point, modulating d2S functions towards increased food intake at lower weights and decreased food intake at higher weights. d2S met the slow genomic actions induced by 17β-estradiol. Conversely, d2L inhibited alcohol and food intakes, but induced specifically sugar consumption, thereby regulating blood glucose levels and promoting energy expenditure in reducing body weight. Indeed, 17β-estradiol exerted a tonic inhibition on d2L which was released by OVX, exacerbating sugar intake and increasing body weight. d2L mediated the rapid metabolic effects of 17β-estradiol. Conclusion: Our results supported physiological data reporting that activation of the mostly expressed presynaptically d2S-class autoreceptors decreased dopamine release stimulating food int

关键词： 17β-Estradiol dopamine d2 Receptors Bromocriptine Sulpiride Water Sucrose Alcohol Intakes Obesity

What really matters-response and resistance in cancer therapy

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Cancer drug Resistance 2018年第4期1卷 200-203页

作者： Tim R.Fenton Michelle d.Garrett Mark N.Wass Martin Michaelis School of biosciences University of KentCanterbury CT27NJUK

From 10th to 12th September of 2018,we held the first British Association of Cancer Research(BACR)Special Conference on“Response and Resistance in Cancer Therapy”at the University of Kent,Canterbury,*** conference theme is the subject of this Special Issue of Cancer drug Resistance and we hope this editorial and the following contributions,will give you an insight into this important topic.

关键词： Cancer really Therapy

Neurobiology of Neuronal Network Alteration in Intellectual disability Related to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum disorders

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2022年第3期12卷 43-81页

作者： Abdoulaye Bâ Université Félix Houphouë t-Boigny UFR Biosciences Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire

The molecular and cellular mechanisms by which alcohol produces its deleterious effects on neuronal networks are only now beginning to be understood. This review focused on alcohol-induced neurobiological alterations on neuronal network components underlying information processing, for further understanding of intellectual disability related to FASd. Abnormal neurodevelopmental events related to alcohol-damaged fetal brain included neurogenesis inhibition, aberrant migration, impaired differentiation, exacerbated apoptosis, impaired axon outgrowth and branching altering synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity, abnormal GABAergic interneurons triggering synaptic inhibitory/excitatory imbalance, reduced myelinogenesis causing injured white matter in prefrontal lobe and atrophied corpus callosum compromising interhemispheric information transfer, the whole compromising neuronal network scaffolding which may lead to biased information processing with deficits in executive function. What added to these abnormalities are smaller gray matter and reduced hippocampus, resulting in cognition and memory failures. As a whole, these developmental disorders may underlie intellectual disability related to FASd. In rodents, these neuronal network components matured mainly during the second and third trimesters equivalents of human gestation. Transferability of results from animal to human was also discussed. It was hoped that the understanding of alcohol-induced neuronal networks failure mechanisms during the developing brain may lay a foundation for prospective new treatments and interventions.

关键词： Fetal Alcohol Spectrum disorders Intellectual disability Neuronal Network Axogenesis Synaptogenesis Myelinogenesis

Measurement of copy number variation in single cancer cells using rapid-emulsification digital droplet MdA

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Microsystems & nanoengineering 2017年第1期3卷 260-266页

作者： Samuel C.Kim Gayatri Premasekharan Iain C.Clark Hawi B.Gemeda Pamela L.Paris Adam R.Abate department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences University of CaliforniaSan Francisco(UCSF)California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences(QB3)San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA 94158USA department of Urology Division of Hematology&OncologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan Francisco(UCSF)San FranciscoCA 94158USA

Uniform amplification of low-input dNA is important for applications across biology,including single-cell genomics,forensic science,and microbial and viral ***,the requisite biochemical amplification methods are prone to bias,skewing sequence proportions and obscuring signals relating to copy *** droplet multiple displacement amplification enables uniform amplification but requires expert knowledge of microfluidics to generate monodisperse *** addition,existing microfluidic methods are tedious and labor intensive for preparing many ***,we introduce rapid-emulsification multiple displacement amplification,a method to generate monodisperse droplets with a hand-held syringe and hierarchical droplet *** conventional microfluidic devices require >10 min to emulsify a sample,our system requires tens of seconds and yields data of equivalent *** demonstrate the approach by using it to accurately measure copy number variation(CNV)in single cancer cells.

关键词： amplification bias copy number variation ddMdA droplet microfluidics multiple displacement amplification

dose and duration dependent cytotoxicity of aroclor 1254 in the testis of mice

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2017年第3期6卷 112-115页

作者： Shweta Pathak Jalpa Raja Rahul Kundu UGC-CAS department of biosciences Saurashtra UniversityRajkot-360005GujaratIndia

Objective:To evaluate the dose and duration dependent cytotoxicity of aroclor 1254 on mice ***: The study tests the hypothesis that in vivo exposure of very low dose aroclor 1254, comparable to that of possible human exposure from different environmental sources, will provoke dose and duration dependent histological damage in the mice testis. Male mice were orally administered with the two doses 0.1 and 1 mg/kg b.w /d. of aroclor 1254 for 7, 14, 21 and 28 ***:Results showed the degenerative changes in the testis of mice, namely, atrophied seminiferous tubules, expanded space in interstitial and necrosis in the germinal epithelial cells of seminiferous tubules, of the seminiferous tubules and deceleration of ***: Therefore, the results of the present study suggested that the sub-acute exposure of very low doses of aroclor 1254, can subsequently mediate the cytoskeleton dysfunction in the testis of mice.

关键词： PCBs Aroclor 1254 Histopathology Testis Mice

Lipid and Fatty Acid Compositions of Cod (Gadus morhua),Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) and Halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus)

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2010年第4期9卷 381-388页

作者： ZENG duan MAI Kangsen AI Qinghui Joyce E. Milley Santosh P. Lall The Key Laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of Education of China Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 P. R. China National Research Council of Canada Institute for Marine Biosciences 1411 Oxford Street Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 3Z1 Canada

This study was conducted to compare lipid and fatty acid composition of cod,haddock and *** groups of cod（276 g±61 g）,haddock（538 g±83 g）and halibut（3704 g±221 g）were maintained with commercial feeds mainly based on fish meal and marine fish oil for 12 weeks prior to *** fatty acid compositions of muscle and liver were determined by GC/FId after derivatization of extracted lipids into fatty acid methyl esters（FAME）.Lipids were also fractionated into neutral and polar lipids using Waters silica Sep-Pak（R）.The phospholipid fraction was further separated by high-performance thin-layer chromatography（HPTLC）and the FAME profile was *** of the present study showed that cod and haddock were lean fish and their total muscle lipid contents were 0.8% and 0.7%,respectively,with phospholipid constituting 83.6% and 87.5% of the total muscle lipid,*** was a medium-fat fish and its muscle lipid content was 8%,with 84% of the total muscle lipid being neutral *** liver lipid contents of cod,haddock and halibut were 36.9%,67.2% and 30.7%,respectively,of which the neutral lipids accounted for the major fraction（88.1%-97.1%）.Polyunsaturated fatty acids were the most abundant in cod and haddock muscle neutral *** fatty acid level was the highest in halibut muscle neutral *** acid compositions of phospholipid were relatively *** summary,the liver of cod and haddock as lean fish was the main lipid reserve organ,and structural phospholipid is the major lipid form in ***,as a medium-fat fish,halibut stored lipid in both their liver and muscle.

关键词： cod haddock halibut lipid fatty acids neutral lipid phospholipid liver muscle