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Elevated brain temperature under severe heat exposure impairs cortical motor activity and executive function

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 233-244页

作者： Xiang Ren Tan Mary C.Stephenson Sharifah Badriyah Alhadad Kelvin W.Z.Loh Tuck Wah Soong Jason K.W.Lee Ivan C.C.Low Health and Social Sciences Singapore Institute of TechnologySingapore 138683Singapore Human Potential Translational Research Programme Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117549Singapore Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117593Singapore Heat Resilience and Performance Centre Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117510Singapore N.1 Institute for Health National University of SingaporeSingapore 117456Singapore Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise(CREATE) Singapore 138602Singapore

Background:Excessive heat exposure can lead to hyperthermia in humans,which impairs physical performance and disrupts cognitive *** heat is a known physiological stressor,it is unclear how severe heat stress affects brain physiology and ***:Eleven healthy participants were subjected to heat stress from prolonged exercise or warm water immersion until their rectal temperatures(T_(re))attained 39.5℃,inducing exertional or passive hyperthermia,*** a separate trial,blended ice was ingested before and during exercise as a cooling *** were compared to a control condition with seated rest(normothermic).Brain temperature(T_(br)),cerebral perfusion,and task-based brain activity were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging ***:T_(br)in motor cortex was found to be tightly regulated at rest(37.3℃±0.4℃(mean±SD))despite fluctuations in T_(re).With the development of hyperthermia,T_(br)increases and dovetails with the rising T_(re).Bilateral motor cortical activity was suppressed during high-intensity plantarflexion tasks,implying a reduced central motor drive in hyperthermic participants(T_(re)=38.5℃±0.1℃).Global gray matter perfusion and regional perfusion in sensorimotor cortex were reduced with passive *** function was poorer under a passive hyperthermic state,and this could relate to compromised visual processing as indicated by the reduced activation of left lateral-occipital ***,ingestion of blended ice before and during exercise alleviated the rise in both T_(re)and T_(bc)and mitigated heat-related neural ***:Severe heat exposure elevates T_(br),disrupts motor cortical activity and executive function,and this can lead to impairment of physical and cognitive performance.

关键词： Brain functional activity Cognition Heat stress Hyperthermia Motor function

Retinal Vascular Imaging Application in Women’s Reproductive Health:Clinical Implications and Future Directions

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Maternal-Fetal medicine 2024年第2期6卷 92-96页

作者： Beth Shi Yu Lim ling-Jun Li yong loo lin school of medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore Department of Obstetrics&Gynaecology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 119228Singapore Global Centre for Asian Women’s Health Human Potential Translational Research ProgrammeYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore nus Bia-Echo Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity and Equality(ACRLE) Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117456Singapore Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye CentreSingapore 168751Singapore

Over the past two decades,population-based studies employing semiautomatic computer-assisted programs have uncovered associations between retinal microvascular features and various systemic *** the recognition of retinal imaging in cardiometabolic health grows,there is increasing evidence supporting its application in women’s health,particularly during the reproductive *** review aims to summarize the indications of retinal imaging in women’s health and intergenerational health,where suboptimal retinal imaging has been found to mirror pathological systemic changes,such as suboptimal hemodynamic circulation,inflammation,endothelial dysfunction,oxidative stress,and hypoxia in *** from Singapore Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes and Singapore Preconception Study of Long-Term Maternal and Child Outcomes cohorts have reported serial changes in retinal conventional microvascular features(e.g.,retinal arteriolar narrowing,retinal venular widening)and retinal geometric microvascular features(e.g.,sparse fractal dimension,enlarged branching angle,and increased curvature tortuosity)during the preconception and antenatal *** morphological abnormalities were found to be related to female fertility,maternal antenatal health conditions,postnatal maternal cardiometabolic health,and intergenerational health in the *** the compelling evidence of the ability to detect microvascular changes through noninvasive methods at an early stage,retinal imaging holds the potential to facilitate timely interventions,mitigate the progression of complications,and prevent adverse pregnancy *** ahead,the convergence of artificial intelligence and advanced imaging techniques heralds a promising era in women’s health research and clinical practice.

关键词： Retinal vascular imaging Reproductive health

Mitochondria-specific near-infrared photoactivation of peroxynitrite upconversion luminescent nanogenerator for precision cancer gas therapy

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第1期14卷 378-391页

作者： Hui Yu Aliya Tiemuer Xufeng Yao Mingyuan Zuo Hai-Yan Wang Yi Liu Xiaoyuan Chen Department of Biomedical Engineering School of EngineeringChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 211198China school of Mechanical Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China Departments of Diagnostic Radiology SurgeryChemical and Biomolecular Engineeringand Biomedical EngineeringYong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore 119074Singapore Clinical Imaging Research Centre Centre for Translational MedicineYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117599Singapore Nanomedicine Translational Research Program Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Agency for ScienceTechnologyand Research(A*STAR)ProteosSingapore 138673Singapore

Gas therapy is emerging as a highly promising therapeutic strategy for cancer ***,there are limitations,including the lack of targeted subcellular organelle accuracy and spatiotemporal release precision,associated with gas *** this study,we developed a series of photoactivatable nitric oxide(NO)donors NRh-R-NO(R=Me,Et,Bn,iPr,and Ph)based on an N-nitrosated upconversion luminescent rhodamine *** the irradiation of 808 nm light,only NRh-Ph-NO could effectively release NO and NRh-Ph with a significant turn-on frequency upconversion luminescence(FUCL)signal at 740 nm,ascribed to lower N-N bond dissociation *** also investigated the involved multistage near-infrared-controlled cascade release of gas therapy,including the NO released from NRh-Ph-NO along with one NRh-Ph molecule generation,the superoxide anion O_(2)^(⋅−)produced by the photodynamic therapy(PDT)effect of NRh-Ph,and highly toxic peroxynitrite anion(ONOO‒)generated from the co-existence of NO and O_(2)^(⋅−).After mild nano-modification,the nanogenerator(NRh-Ph-NO NPs)empowered with superior biocompatibility could target *** an 808 nm laser irradiation,NRh-Ph-NO NPs could induce NO/ROS to generate RNS,causing a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and initiating apoptosis by caspase-3 activation,which further induced tumor immunogenic cell death(ICD).In vivo therapeutic results of NRh-Ph-NO NPs showed augmented RNS-potentiated gas therapy,demonstrating excellent biocompatibility and effective tumor inhibition guided by real-time FUCL ***,this versatile strategy defines the targeted RNS-mediated cancer therapy.

关键词： Near infrared Photo-triggered Mitochondrion Upconversion luminescent bioimaging Peroxynitrite Nanogenerator Gas therapy In vivo

Promoting Healthy Longevity Should Start Young: A Life Course Journey

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Maternal-Fetal medicine 2024年第1期6卷 1-4页

作者： Cuilin Zhang Claire Guivarch Global Centre for Asian Women's Health Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117549Singapore Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117549Singapore Bia-Echo Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity and Equality(ACRLE) Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117549Singapore Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthBoston 02115USA

Introduction Throughout a woman’s life,several unique health characteristics are related to an increased risk of later disease morbidity and/or premature mortality(Fig.1).For instance,these include early age at menarche1,2(ie,“short,irregular or long menstrual cycles”)3,4,a history of infertility5,pregnancy loss6,several major pregnancy complications(eg,preeclampsia,gestational hypertension,gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and preterm delivery)7–9,and menopause characteristics(eg,long menopause transition period,early age at menopause,and the presence of vasomotor symptoms).

关键词： Population health Longevity Women's health

Research progress of ferroptosis regulating lipid peroxidation and metabolism in occurrence and development of primary liver cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第6期16卷 2335-2349页

作者： Yu-Jie Shu Bo Lao Ying-Yang Qiu Department of Gastroenterology Yinzhou District Second HospitalNingbo 315199Zhejiang ProvinceChina yong loo lin school of medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore 119077Singapore

As a highly aggressive tumor,the pathophysiological mechanism of primary liver cancer has attracted much *** recent years,factors such as ferroptosis regulation,lipid peroxidation and metabolic abnormalities have emerged in the study of liver cancer,providing a new perspective for understanding the development of liver *** regulation,lipid peroxidation and metabolic abnormalities play important roles in the occurrence and development of liver *** regulation of ferroptosis is involved in apoptosis and necrosis,affecting cell survival and *** peroxidation promotes oxidative damage and promotes the invasion of liver cancer *** abnormalities,especially the disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism,directly affect the proliferation and growth of liver cancer *** of ferroptosis regulation and lipid peroxidation may help to discover new therapeutic targets and improve therapeutic *** understanding of metabolic abnormalities can provide new ideas for the prevention of liver cancer,and reduce the risk of disease by adjusting the metabolic *** review focuses on the key roles of ferroptosis regulation,lipid peroxidation and metabolic abnormalities in this process.

关键词： Ferroptosis Lipid peroxidation Primary liver cancer Lipid metabolism Review

明明白白老顽童:生活方式干预促进老年人认知功能

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科学通报 2024年第24期69卷 3489-3491页

作者：王秀封磊北京市垂杨柳医院神经内科 yong loo lin school of medicine National University of Singapore

随着年龄的增加,人的认知功能不断衰退.随着人口快速老龄化,认知功能下降越来越成为严重的社会问题.但是与年龄相关的记忆衰退并不意味着一定会进展为痴呆.认知功能下降在某种程度上可以逆转或保持稳定状态.我们如何在老龄阶段保持良好...

随着年龄的增加,人的认知功能不断衰退.随着人口快速老龄化,认知功能下降越来越成为严重的社会问题.但是与年龄相关的记忆衰退并不意味着一定会进展为痴呆.认知功能下降在某种程度上可以逆转或保持稳定状态.我们如何在老龄阶段保持良好的认知,做一个明白的老顽童,是一个重要而具有挑战性的问题.

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Advocacy inquiry and circular questioning to maintain psychological safety in training,feedback,and conversations with residents

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Emergency and Critical Care medicine 2024年第1期4卷 35-38页

作者： Fatimah Lateef Department of Emergency medicine Singapore General HospitalSingaporeEmergency Medicine ResidencySingHealthSingaporeDuke-NUS Graduate Medical SchoolYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore and Lee Kong Chian Medical SchoolNanyang Technological UniversitySingHealth Duke NUS Institute of Medical Simulation(SIMS)SingaporeDuke NUS Global Health InstituteSingapore.

Training of emergency physicians through an emergency medicine residency program takes 5 years,that is,3 years in junior residency and 2 years in senior *** this period,residents will be exposed to a variety of educational methodologies and meet a spectrum of faculty,supervisors,and teachers,who will have different personalities,styles,and approaches to teaching and nurturing *** is important to ensure the maintenance of psychological safety for these residents throughout their training journey and into the future years of practice s an emergency ***,interactions(which involve questioning),and presentations will be an important part of this training *** article looks at two modes of questioning:advocacy inquiry and circular questioning,which can be applied as *** two methods are examples in which faculty may consider adopting in their many interactions,follow-up,feedback,tutorials,facilitation,partnerships,and counseling sessions with *** two techniques offer options to maintain psychological safety,which can facilitate learners sharing and opening *** can be included in the faculty’s armamentarium of questioning techniques and applied where applicable.

关键词： Advocacy Circular questions Emergency medicine Inquiry Residents

CRISPR beyond: harnessing compact RNA-guided endonucleases for enhanced genome editing

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年

作者： Feizuo Wang Shengsheng Ma Senfeng Zhang Quanquan Ji Chunyi Hu Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science National University of Singapore Cancer Science Institute of Singapore National University of Singapore Department of Biochemistry Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Precision medicine Translational Research Programme (TRP) Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore

The CRISPR-Cas system, an adaptive immunity system in prokaryotes designed to combat phages and foreign nucleic acids, has evolved into a groundbreaking technology enabling gene knockout, large-scale gene insertion, base editing, and nucleic acid detection. Despite its transformative impact, the conventional CRISPR-Cas effectors face a significant hurdle—their size poses challenges in effective delivery into organisms and cells. Recognizing this limitation, the imperative arises for the development of compact and miniature gene editors to propel advancements in gene-editing-related therapies. Two strategies were accepted to develop compact genome editors: harnessing OMEGA(Obligate Mobile Element-guided Activity) systems, or engineering the existing CRISPR-Cas system. In this review, we focus on the advances in miniature genome editors based on both of these strategies. The objective is to unveil unprecedented opportunities in genome editing by embracing smaller, yet highly efficient genome editors, promising a future characterized by enhanced precision and adaptability in the genetic interventions.

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Enhanced recovery after surgery in elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第12期12卷 2040-2049页

作者： Mei-Hua Sun Liu-Sheng Wu Ying-Yang Qiu Jun Yan Xiao-Qiang Li Department of Thoracic Surgery Peking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen 518036Guangdong ProvinceChina school of medicine Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China yong loo lin school of medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore 119077Singapore

BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate the clinical outcomes of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)in the perioperative period in elderly patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer(NSCLC).AIM To investigate the potential enhancement of video-assisted thoracic surgery(VATS)in postoperative recovery in elderly patients with *** We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of 85 elderly NSCLC patients who underwent ERAS(the ERAS group)and 327 elderly NSCLC patients who received routine care(the control group)after VATS at the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital between May 2015 and April *** propensity score matching of baseline data,we analysed the postoperative stay,total hospital expenses,postoperative 48-h pain score,and postoperative complication rate for the 2 groups of patients who underwent lobectomy or sublobar *** After propensity score matching,ERAS significantly reduced the postoperative hospital stay(6.96±4.16 vs 8.48±4.18 d,P=0.001)and total hospital expenses(48875.27±18437.5 vs 55497.64±21168.63 CNY,P=0.014)and improved the satisfaction score(79.8±7.55 vs 77.35±7.72,P=0.029)relative to those for routine *** significant between-group difference was observed in postoperative 48-h pain score(4.68±1.69 vs 5.28±2.1,P=0.090)or postoperative complication rate(21.2%vs 27.1%,P=0.371).Subgroup analysis showed that ERAS significantly reduced the postoperative hospital stay and total hospital expenses and increased the satisfaction score of patients who underwent lobectomy but not of patients who underwent sublobar *** ERAS effectively reduced the postoperative hospital stay and total hospital expenses and improved the satisfaction score in the perioperative period for elderly NSCLC patients who underwent lobectomy but not for patients who underwent sublobar resection.

关键词： Enhanced recovery after surgery Non-small cell lung cancer Perioperative care Propensity score Video-assisted thoracic surgery