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Impacts of weaning age on dietary needs of whey permeate for pigs at 7 to 11 kg body weight

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第2期13卷 593-600页

作者： Ki Beom Jang Marcos Elias Duarte Jerry M.purvis Sung Woo Kim Department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA n.g.purvis farm inc RobbinsNC 27325USA.

Background:Whey permeate is an effective lactose source for nursery pigs and the most benefits are obtained when pigs are at 7 to 11 kg *** weaning ages could cause different length of early-weaner phases until 7 kg BW and thus it would influence the dietary need of whey permeate during 7 to 11 kg BW of *** study aimed to evaluate if weaning ages would affect the dietary needs of whey permeate for optimum growth performance of pigs at 7 to 11 kg ***:A total of 1,632 pigs were weaned at d 21(d 21.2±1.3)or d 25(d 24.6±1.1)after *** pigs had a common early-weaner feeds until they reached 7 kg *** pigs reached 7 kg BW within a weaning age group,they were allotted in a randomized complete block design(2×4 factorial).Two factors were weaning age groups(21 and 25 d of age)and varying whey permeate levels(7.50%,11.25%,15.00%,and 18.75%).Data were analyzed using the gLM and nLIn procedures of SAS for slope-ratio and broken-line analyses to determine the growth response to whey permeate and optimal daily whey permeate intake for the growth of the pigs weaned at different ***:Pigs weaned at 21 d of age had a common diet for 11 d to reach 7 kg BW whereas pigs weaned at 25 d of age needed 2 *** g:F of pigs weaned at 25 d of age responded to increased daily whey permeate intake greater(Pn pigs weaned at 21 d of *** were obtained(Pnd 60 g/d daily whey permeate intake or 17.0%and 14.4%of whey permeate for g:F of pigs weaned at 21 and 25 d of age,***:Pigs weaned at an older age with a short early-weaner phase had a greater growth response to whey permeate intake compared with pigs weaned at a younger age with a long early-weaner *** weaning ages affected dietary needs of whey permeate for optimum growth performance of pigs from 7 to 11 kg BW.

关键词： growth performance nursery pigs Weaning age Whey permeate

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Predetermination of potential plastic hinges on reinforced concrete frames using gFRP reinforcement

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2022年第5期16卷 624-637页

作者： Dominik KUERES Dritan TOPUZI Maria Anna POLAK Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Schoeck Canada inc. OttawaON K1P 5G3Canada

In the past,glass fiber-reinforced polymer(gFRP)-reinforcement has been successfully applied in reinforced concrete(RC)structures where corrosion resistance,electromagnetic neutrality,or cuttability were *** investigations suggest that the application of gFRP in RC structures could be advantageous in areas with seismic activity due to their high deformability and ***,especially the low modulus of elasticity of gFRP limited its wide application as gFRP-reinforced members usually exhibit considerably larger deformations under service loads than comparable steel-reinforced *** overcome the aforementioned issues,the combination of steel and gFRP reinforcement in hybrid RC sections has been investigated in the *** on this idea,this paper presents a novel concept for the predetermination of potential plastic hinges in RC frames using gFRP *** analyze the efficiency of the concept,nonlinear finite element simulations were *** results underscore the high efficiency of hybrid steel-gFRP RC sections for predetermining potential plastic hinges on RC *** results also indicate that the overall seismic behavior of RC structures could be improved by means of gFRP as both the column base shear force during the seismic activity as well as the plastic deformations after the earthquake were considerably less pronounced than in the steel-reinforced reference structure.

关键词： glass fiber-reinforced polymer gFRP hybrid section plastic hinge seismic design reinforced concrete

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Robust Machine Learning Mapping of sEMg Signals to Future Actuator Commands in Biomechatronic Devices

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第1期21卷 270-287页

作者： Ali nasr Sydney Bell Rachel L.Whittaker Clark R.Dickerson John McPhee Systems Design Engineering University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L 3G1Canada Kinesiology and Health Sciences University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L3G3Canada

A machine learning model for regression of interrupted Surface Electromyography(sEMg)signals to future control-oriented signals(e.g.,robot’s joint angle and assistive torque)of an active biomechatronic device for high-level myoelectric-based hierarchical control is proposed.A Recurrent neural network(Rnn)was trained using output data,initially obtained from offline optimization of the biomechatronic(human–robot)device and shifted by the prediction *** input of the Rnn consisted of interrupted sEMg signals(to mimic signal disconnections)and previous kinematic signals of the assistive *** Rnn with a 0.1-s prediction horizon could predict the control-oriented joint angle and assistive torque with 92%and 86.5%regression accuracy,respectively,for the test *** proposed approach permits a fast,predictive,and direct estimation of control-oriented signals instead of an iterative process that optimizes assistive torque in the inverse dynamic simulation of a multibody human–robot *** with these interrupted input signals significantly improves the regression accuracy in the case of sEMg signal *** Robust Predictive Control-oriented Machine Learning(Robust-MusclenET)model can support volitional high-level myoelectric-based control of biomechatronic devices,such as exoskeletons,prostheses,and assistive/resistive *** work should study the application to prosthesis control as well as the repeatability of the high-level controller with electrode *** low-level hierarchical controller that manages the human–robot interaction,the assistance/resistance strategy,and the actuator coordination should also be studied.

关键词： Myoelectric-based control-Surface electromyography Machine learning Multibody system dynamics Exoskeleton Bionic

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Proximity Based Automatic Data Annotation for Autonomous Driving

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2020年第2期7卷 395-404页

作者： Chen Sun Jean M.Uwabeza Vianney Ying Li Long Chen Li Li Fei-Yue Wang Amir Khajepour Dongpu Cao Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of WaterlooWaterloo ON N2L3G1Canada Department of geography and Environmental Management University of WaterlooWaterloo ON N2L3G1Canada School of Data and Computer Science Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082Chinaand also with Waytous Inc.Qingdao 266109China

The recent development in autonomous driving involves high-level computer vision and detailed road scene ***,most autonomous vehicles employ expensive high quality sensor-set such as light detection and ranging(LIDAR)and HD maps with high level *** this paper,we propose a scalable and affordable data collection and annotation framework image-to-map annotation proximity(I2MAP),for affordance learning in autonomous driving *** provide a new driving dataset using our proposed framework for driving scene affordance learning by calibrating the data samples with available tags from online database such as open street map(OSM).Our benchmark consists of 40000 images with more than40 affordance labels under various day time and weather even with very challenging heavy *** implemented sample advanced driver-assistance systems(ADAS)functions by training our data with neural networks(nn)and cross-validate the results on benchmarks like KITTI and BDD100K,which indicate the effectiveness of our framework and training models.

关键词： Affordance learning autonomous vehicles data synchronization scene understanding

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Three-Dimensional Parallel Simulation of Formation of Spinning Detonation in a narrow Square Tube

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第11期29卷 136-139页

作者： HUAng Yue JI Hua LIEn Fue-Sang TAng Hao College of Energy&Power Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 2100162Waterloo CFD Engineering Consulting Inc.WaterlooOntario N2T 2N7Canada 3Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntario N2L 3G1Canada

Four different formation processes of spinning detonation in a narrow square tube are investigated by three-dimensional parallel ***-resolution simulations are performed with a Riemann solver of the HLLC-type,high-order,parallel AMR reactive flow *** simulations clearly show that the detonation structure transforms from rectangular and diagonal modes into spinning mode respectively during the propagation *** wave dynamic and periodic oscillation of the front plays a significant role in the spinning detonations'formation.

关键词： diagonal narrow oscillation

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near-neutral pH corrosion of mill-scaled X-65 pipeline steel with paint primer

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第14期47卷 166-178页

作者： Shidong Wang Lyndon Lamborn Karina Chevil Erwin gamboa Weixing Chen Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonT6G 2G6Canada Enbridge Pipelines inc. EdmontonT5J 3N7Canada TC Energy Corporation CalgaryT2P 5H1Canada

The corrosion behaviour of mill-scaled X65 pipeline steel with and without a primer layer was studied in a simulated near-neutral pH soil *** revealed a three-stage corrosion process of the mill-scaled pipeline steel *** first stage included an initial preferential dissolution of goethite(γ-FeOOH)and lepidocrocite(?-FeOOH)in mill *** second stage was marked by enhanced localized corrosion and pit-formation because of either galvanic corrosion or acidic dissolution in areas enclosed by mill *** final stage was general corrosion after the mill scale flaked off the steel *** the primer layer was applied,localized corrosion was significantly enhanced on the steel surface and persisted for an extended period as compared to the mill-scaled *** precipitation of siderite(FeCO3)was observed at flawed locations of mill scale,although the bulk chemistry is not favorable for its formation on the steel surface free of mill *** local precipitation of siderite formed a capped mill scale enclosure where localized corrosion can be further enhanced.

关键词： Pipeline steel Primer paint Mill scale Localized corrosion Siderite precipitation

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Traditional and emerging Fusarium mycotoxins disrupt homeostasis of bovine mammary cells by altering cell permeability and innate immune function

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Animal nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 388-397页

作者： Ran Xu Umesh K.Shandilya Alexandros Yiannikouris niel A.Karrow Department of Animal Biosciences University of GuelphGuelphON N1G 2W1Canada Alltech inc. Center for Animal Nutrigenomics and Applied Animal NutritionNicholasvilleKY 40356USA

High incidence of traditional and emerging Fusarium mycotoxins in cereal grains and silages can be a potential threat to feed safety and *** biodegradation of Fusarium mycotoxins by rumen microflora following ingestion of mycotoxin-contaminated feeds can lead to their circulatory transport to target tissues such as mammary *** bovine udder plays a pivotal role in maintaining milk yield and composition,thus,human ***,toxic effects of Fusarium mycotoxins on bovine mammary gland are rarely *** this study,the bovine mammary epithelial cell line was used as an in-vitro model of bovine mammary epithelium to investigate effects of deoxynivalenol(DOn),enniatin B(EnB)and beauvericin(BEA)on bovine mammary gland *** indicated that exposure to DOn,EnB and BEA for 48 h significantly decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner(Pn at 0.39μmol/L and BEA at 2.5μmol/L for 48 h also decreased paracellular flux of FITC-40 kDa dextran(Pnone of the mycotoxins affected transepithelial electrical resistance after 48 h *** qPCR was performed for assessment of expression of gene coding tight junction(TJ)proteins,toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)and cytokines after 4,24 and 48 h of ***,EnB and BEA significantly upregulated the TJ protein zonula occludens-1,whereas markedly downregulated claudin 3(Pn at 1.35μmol/L for 4 h significantly increased expression of occludin(Pn,EnB and BEA significant downregulated TLR4(Pn contrast,EnB markedly increased expression of cytokines interleukin-6(IL-6)(Pnecrosis factorα(TnF-a)(Pnd transforming growth factor-β(TgF-β)(Pgnificantly upregulated IL-6(Pnd TgF-β(P=0.01),but downregulated TnF-α(Pggest that DOn,EnB and BEA can disrupt mammary gland homeostasis by inducing cell death as well as altering its paracellular permeability and expres

关键词： Fusarium mycotoxin Invitro cell culture Bovine mammary epithelial cells Epithelial paracellular permeability Innate immunity

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Fabrication of sharp silicon hollow microneedles by deep-reactive ion etching towards minimally invasive diagnostics

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Microsystems & nanoengineering 2019年第1期5卷 292-302页

作者： Yan Li Hang Zhang Ruifeng Yang Yohan Laffitte Ulises Schmill Wenhan Hu Moufeed Kaddoura Eric J.M.Blondeel Bo Cui Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo200 University Avenue WestWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada ExVivo Labs inc. 3 Regina Street NorthWaterlooON N2J 2Z7Canada

Microneedle technologies have the potential for expanding the capabilities of wearable health monitoring from physiology to *** paper presents the fabrication of silicon hollow microneedles by a deep-reactive ion etching(DRIE)process,with the aim of exploring the feasibility of microneedle-based in-vivo monitoring of biomarkers in skin *** devices shall have the ability to allow the sensing elements to be integrated either within the needle borehole or on the backside of the device,relying on capillary filling of the borehole with dermal interstitial fluid(ISF)for transporting clinically relevant biomarkers to the sensor *** modified DRIE process was utilized for the anisotropic etching of circular holes with diameters as small as 30μm to a depth of>300μm by enhancing ion bombardment to efficiently remove the fluorocarbon passivation ***,isotropic wet and/or dry etching was utilized to sharpen the needle due to faster etching at the pillar top,achieving tip radii as small as 5μ*** sharp microneedles have been demonstrated to be sufficiently robust to penetrate porcine skin without needing any aids such as an impact-insertion applicator,with the needles remaining mechanically intact after repetitive *** capillary filling of DRIE-etched through-wafer holes with water has also been demonstrated,showing the feasibility of use to transport the analyte to the target sites.

关键词： sharp needle utilized

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High-Performance Quasi-Solid-State Pouch Cells Enabled by in situ Solidification of a novel Polymer Electrolyte

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第4期6卷 15-21页

作者： Qingwen Lu Changhong Wang Danni Bao Hui Duan Feipeng Zhao Kieran Doyle-Davis Qiang Zhang Rennian Wang Shangqian Zhao Jiantao Wang Huan Huang Xueliang Sun glabat Solid-State Battery inc. 700 Collip CircleLondon ON N6G 4X8Canada Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western OntarioLondon ON N6A 5B9Canada China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co LtdBeijing 101407China

Conventional lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)with liquid electrolytes are challenged by their big safety concerns,particularly used in electric ***-solid-state batteries using solid-state electrolytes have been proposed to significantly improve safety yet are impeded by poor interfacial solid–solid contact and fast interface *** a compromising strategy,in situ solidification has been proposed in recent years to fabricate quasi-solid-state batteries,which have great advantages in constructing intimate interfaces and cost-effective mass *** this work,quasi-solid-state pouch cells with high loading electrodes(≥3 m Ah cm^(-2))were fabricated via in situ solidification of poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate-based polymer electrolytes(PEgDA-PEs).Both single-layer and multilayer quasi-solid-state pouch cells(2.0 Ah)have demonstrated stable electrochemical performance over500 *** superb electrochemical stability is closely related to the formation of robust and compatible interphase,which successfully inhibits interfacial side reactions and prevents interfacial structural *** work demonstrates that in situ solidification is a facile and cost-effective approach to fabricate quasi-solid-state pouch cells with both excellent electrochemical performance and safety.

关键词： high areal capacity high-energy-density pouch cells in situ solidification poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate-based polymer electrolyte

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Biomimicry and Theory of Structures-Design Methodology Transfer from Trees to Moment Frames

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2014年第4期11卷 638-648页

作者： Mark grigorian MgA Structural Engineering inc. 111 n. Jackson St. glendale CA. 91206 USA

Currently, there are only three classical and a handful of emerging design methodologies available to structural engineers worldwide. none of these methodologies can explain the design concepts involved in the realization of natural structures such as trees, nor can they fully address the design needs of contemporary engineering structures. The recently developed Performance Control （PC） incorporates both the essence of the classical concepts and the newer procedures and addresses the observed performance of the structure during its known history of loading, PC attempts to mimic nature by applying the known theories of structures to the design of case-specific frameworks, rather than investigating their results for compliance against prescriptive criteria. Parametric examples have been provided to illustrate the applications of the conceptual design similarities between trees and manmade moment frames. It has been shown that an understanding of the structural performance of trees can enhance the structural design of moment frames, and that bioinspired PC can lead to minimum weight moment frames under lateral loading. The analogous performances of the natural and manmade structures may help explain the structural response of trees to similar loading scenarios.

关键词： performance control biomimetics trees moment frames lateral loading

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