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Ligninolytic enzymes production by endophytic fungus Diaporthe phaseolorum(Desm.)*** the influence of different carbon and nitrogen sources

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Studies in Fungi 2021年第1期6卷 531-542页

作者： Kumar V Prasher IB mycology and plant pathology lab. Department of BotanyPanjab University ChandigarhChandigarh-160014India

Endophytic fungi are being investigated for their ability to create industrially relevant secondary *** recent years,there has been a surge in interest in these fungi as a source of novel enzymes,particularly hydrolytic *** present study investigated the effect of different carbon,organic and inorganic nitrogens on the growth and ligninolytic enzyme production by the endophytic fungus Diaporthe *** fungus was isolated from the leaves of Dillenia indica and analyzed by morpho-molecular *** fungus showed promising results for in vitro production of ligninolytic *** was the most favorable carbon compound for growth among all the carbon compounds *** displayed maximum lignin peroxidase(Lip)activity in fructose(3.5 U/ml),followed by pectin(2.60 U/ml)and glucose(2.53 U/ml).Glucose gave the highest manganese peroxidase(MnP)activity i.e.,6.88 U/ml followed by starch,sucrose and ***,the maximum laccase activity was 44.5 U/ml in *** nitrate and L-asparagine were the best inorganic and organic nitrogen for *** the case of ligninolytic enzyme production,ammonium acetate and ammonium phosphate were the best media for LiP and MnP,whereas laccase production was highest in ammonium nitrate supplemented *** organic nitrogen sources,medium supplemented with DL-tryptophan gave the highest Lip production,whereas MnP and laccase production was observed in the medium containing L-tyrosine and *** the best of our knowledge,this is the first report related to the growth and ligninolytic enzyme production by Diaporthe *** findings from the study will assist researchers in improving the production of ligninolytic enzymes by this fungus under in vitro conditions on an industrial scale.

关键词： Hydrolytic enzymes Industrially In vitro Manganese peroxidase Morpho molecular analysis

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Rice plant growth and yield: foliar application of plasma activated water

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Plasma Science and Technology 2021年第7期23卷 134-143页

作者： M M RASHID Mamunur RASHID M M HASAN M R TALUKDER Plasma Science and Technology lab Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringUniversity of RajshahiRajshahi 6205Bangladesh plant pathology and mycology lab Department of BotanyUniversity of RajshahiRajshahi 6205Bangladesh plant pathology lab Department of Agronomy and Agricultural ExtensionUniversity of RajshahiRajshahi 6205Bangladesh

Plasma activated water(PAW)was prepared for 10 min to be applied one toﬁve times as a foliar spray to rice plants,to investigate plant growth,yield and the concentrations of total soluble protein and sugar in the rice grains *** results reveal that(1)the plant height,stem diameter,dry weight,chlorophyll and total carotene concentrations were improved by∼15%,∼25%,∼24%,∼47%and∼45%,respectively,with respect to control,(2)defense mechanisms of the plants treated with PAW were improved,(3)concentrations of total soluble protein and sugar were enhanced in the rice grains of PAW treated plants and(4)yield was increased by∼14%.

关键词： plasma agriculture plasma activated water rice plant growth rice yield total soluble protein

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Isolation and Structural Speculation of Herbicide-Active Compounds from the Metabolites of Pythium aphanidermatum

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第6期12卷 1026-1032页

作者： ZHANG Li-hui ZHANG Jin-lin LIU Ying-chao CAO Zhi-yan HAN Jian-min YANG Juan DONG Jin-gao Mycotoxin and Molecular plant pathology lab Agricultural University of Hebei

Natural herbicides, or environment-friendly bioherbicides have been attracted more and more attentions. Isolation and structural identification of natural herbicide-active compounds from plant pathogens has been proved to be an effective approach for novel lead discovery of the pesticide development. In this study, the metabolites of the mutant strain PAM1, which obtained from PA1 of Pythium aphanidermatum （Eds.） Fitzp by ultraviolet radiation were separated and identified by HPLC, NMR, and IR. The results revealed that three active compounds including 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid and two indole derivatives, exhibited inhibition activity on the elongation of radical and coleoptile of Digtaria sanguinalis （L.） Scop.

关键词： herbicidal principles compounds P. aphanidermatum

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Changes of woody species diversity, horizontal and vertical distribution of stems across interior to outside within a primate rich habitat of Northeast India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第4期27卷 787-798页

作者： Koushik Majumdar Bal Krishan Choudhary Badal Kumar Datta plant Taxonomy and Biodiversity lab. Department of Botany Tripura University

The interior forest of protected area（PA）recover quickly in terms of greater diversity and structural complexity than peripheral and outsides, which may be due to high plant-frugivore interactions in the interior forest than the disturbed outsides. To describe the structural and functional differences in tree communities from interior to outside forests with in small PA, we quantitatively analyzed the vegetation of Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary, a rich primate habitat of Northeast India. Vegetation was sampled at C10 cm girth at breast height by 10 m 9 500 m sized20 line transects（10 ha） laid in the interior（N = 7）,peripheral（N = 7） and outside（N = 6） zones of this sanctuary. All transects were ordinated by Principal Component Analysis based on correlation between diversity and existing disturbance indices. We found significant differences（P ／ 0.05） in taxonomic richness and diversity indices between the habitat. Van diagram confirmed greater unique species richness in the interior zone（64） than peripheral（28） and outside（6） zones. Overall density（ha-1） did not differed across the zones, but basal area（m2ha-1） was significantly（P ／ 0.01） high in peripheral zone. Vertical distribution of stem density was linearly declined across zones（r2adj[ 0.70; P ／ 0.01） with increase in the canopy height. Horizontal distribution of adult stems showed significant inverse quadratic relationship（r2adj[ 0.80; P ／ 0.001）, which suggests very low density of canopy forming voluminous trees in the interior *** protection, restoration and management of interior regions are required to preserve local plant genetic diversity and also to maintain suitable habitat for threatened wildlife.

关键词： interior outside habitat restoration Northeast disturbance quickly inverse preserve quadratic

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pyrG is required for maintaining stable cellular uracil level and normal sporulation pattern under excess uracil stress in Aspergillus nidulans

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2013年第5期56卷 467-475页

作者： SUN XianYun ZHU JuFen BAO Li HU ChengCheng JIN Cheng HARRIS Steven D. LIU HongWei LI ShaoJie State Key lab.ratory of mycology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Department of plant pathology University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNebraska 68588-0660USA

Tight control of the intracellular uracil level is believed to be important to reduce the occurrence of uracil incorporation into DNA. The pyrG gene ofAspergillus niduIans encodes orotidine 5＇-phosphate decarboxylase, which catalyzes the conversion of orotidine monophosphate （OMP） to uridine monophosphate （UMP）. In this study, we found that pyrG is critical for maintaining uracil at a low concentration in A. nidulans cells in the presence of exogenous uracil. Excess uracil and its derivatives had a stronger inhibitory effect on the growth of the pyrG89 mutant with defective OMP decarboxylase activity than on the growth of wild type, and induced sexual development in the pyrG89 mutant but not in wild type. Analysis of transcriptomic responses to excess uracil by digital gene expression profiling （DGE） revealed that genes related to sexual development were transcrip- tionally activated in the pyrG89 mutant but not in wild type. Quantitative analysis by HPLC showed that the cellular uracil level was 6.5 times higher in the pyrG89 mutant than in wild type in the presence of exogenous uracil. This study not only provides new information on uracil recycling and adaptation to excess uracil but also reveals the potential effects of OMP decarboxylase on fungal growth and development.

关键词： orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase stress uracil sexual development

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The mycobiota of discoloured needles of the Swiss stone pine(Pinus cembra L.) in the Tatra Mountains(Poland)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第12期15卷 2614-2621页

作者： Wojciech PUSZ Anna BATURO-CIESNIEWSKA Tomasz ZWIJACZ-KOZICA Department of plant Protection Diuision of Plant Pathology and MycologyWroclaw Uniuersity of Environmental and Life SciencesGrunwaldzki Sq.24aWroclaw50-363Poland Department of Biology and plant Protection Division of Molecular Phytopathology and MycologyUniuersity of Science and TechnologyKordeckiego Str.2085-225BydgoszczPoland Tatra National Park Kuznice 134-500ZakopanePoland

The Swiss stone Pine(Pinus cembra L.) is an alpine species, fairly commonly occurring in the Alps and the Carpathians, close to the timberline. Natural sites of the Swiss stone pine in Poland are found exclusively in the Tatra Mountains, within the area of the Tatra National Park(TNP). In 2017, the health status of the needles of P. cembra was determined and their mycological analysis was carried out. As a result, 11 species of fungi were isolated from the needles showing disease symptoms, manifested by various shades of discoloration. The most frequently observed species was Fusarium oxysporum. It probably does not bring on disease symptoms, but may affect the development of other frequently isolated species(such as Sydowia polyspora, Lophodermium sp. and Lophodermium conigenum) that are pathogenic to Pinus spp.

关键词： Pathogenic fungi Swiss stone pine Tatra National Park plant pathology Healthiness status of pine

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Signaling events during initiation of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2014年第3期56卷 250-261页

作者： Alexa M.Schmitz Maria J.Harrison Boyce Thompson Institute for plant Research plant pathology and plant-Microbe Biology Cornell University

Under nutrient-limiting conditions, plants will enter into symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi for the enhancement of mineral nutrient acquisition from the surrounding soil. AM fungi live in close, intracellular association with plant roots where they transfer phosphate and nitrogen to the plant in exchange for carbon. They are obligate fungi, relying on their host as their only carbon source. Much has been discovered in the last decade concerning the signaling events during initiation of the AM symbiosis, including the identification of signaling molecules generated by both partners. This signaling occurs through symbiosis-specific gene products in the host plant, which are indispensable for normal AM development. At the same time, plants have adapted complex mechanisms for avoiding infection by pathogenic fungi, including an innate immune response to general microbial molecules, such as chitin present in fungal cell walls. How it is that AM fungal colonization is maintained without eliciting a defensive response from the host is still uncertain. In this review, we present a summary of the molecular signals and their elicited responses during initiation of the AM symbiosis, including plant immune responses and their suppression.

关键词： Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi chitin chitooligosaccharide cutin LysM MAMP-triggered immunity Myc-LCO Nod factor strigolactones symbiosis

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Nuclear Trafficking During plant Innate Immunity

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Molecular plant 2008年第3期1卷 411-422页

作者： Jun Liu Gitta Coaker Department of plant pathology The University of California Davis CA USA

Land plants possess innate immune systems that can control resistance against pathogen infection. Conceptually, there are two branches of the plant innate immune system. One branch recognizes conserved features of microbial pathogens, while a second branch specifically detects the presence of pathogen effector proteins by plant resistance （R） genes. Innate immunity controlled by plant R genes is called effector-triggered immunity. Although R genes can recognize all classes of plant pathogens, the majority can be grouped into one large family, encoding proteins with a nucleotide binding site and C-terminal leucine rich repeat domains. Despite the importance and number of R genes present in plants, we are just beginning to decipher the signaling events required to initiate defense responses. Recent exciting discoveries have implicated dynamic nuclear trafficking of plant R proteins to achieve effector-triggered immunity. Furthermore, there are several additional lines of evidence implicating nucleo-cyctoplasmic trafficking in plant disease resistance, as mutations in nucleoporins and importins can compromise resistance signaling. Taken together, these data illustrate the importance of nuclear trafficking in the manifestation of disease resistance mediated by R genes.

关键词： DISEASE-RESISTANCE GENES POWDERY MILDEW FUNGUS POTATO-VIRUS-X IMPORTIN-ALPHA DEFENSE RESPONSE EXPORT RECEPTOR PROTEIN-KINASES

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Postulation of Leaf Rust Resistance Genes in Seven Chinese Spring Wheat Cultivars

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第9期12卷 1580-1588页

作者： SHI Li-hong ZHANG Na HU Ya-ya WEI Xue-jun YANG Wen-xiang LIU Da-qun Department of plant pathology College of Plant Protection/Biological Control Center for Plant Diseases and Plant Pests of HebeiAgricultural University of Hebei

To detect the leaf rust resistance genes in the 7 Chinese spring wheat clultivars Shenmian 99025, Shenmia 99042, Shenmian 85, Shenmian 91, Shenmian 96, Shenmian 1167 and Shenmian 962, Thatcher, Thatcher backgrounded near-isogenic lines and 15 pathotypes of P. triticina were used for gene postulate at the seedling stage, and 9 of the 15 pathotypes were used in the field tests. Molecular markers closely linked to, or co-segregated with resistance genes Lrl, Lr9, LrlO, Lrl9, Lr20, Lr21, Lr24, Lr26, Lr28, Lr29, Lr32, Lr34, Lr35, Lr37, Lr38, and Lr47 were screened to assist detection of the resistance genes. As results, 4 known resistance genes, including Lrl, Lr9, Lr26, and Lr34, and other unknown resistance genes were postulated singly or in combination in the tested cultivars. Shenmian 85, Shenmian 91, Shenmian 96, Shenmian 962, Shenmian 1167, and Shenmian 99042 are potentially useful for wheat production and breeding programs. The result suggested that combining gene postulation, molecular markers and pedigrees is effective and more accuracy method to know the resistance genes in cultivars.

关键词： gene postulation molecular marker Triticum aestivum Puccinia triticina resistance gene

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Field evaluation of Streptomyces rubrogriseus HDZ-9-47 for biocontrol of Meloidogyne incognita on tomato

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第6期16卷 1347-1357页

作者： JIN Na XUE Hui LI Wen-jing WANG Xue-yan LIU Qian LIU Shu-sen LIU Pei ZHAO Jian-lon JIAN Heng Department of plant pathology China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100193 P.R.China

Streptomyces rubrogriseus HDZ-9-47,isolated from eggs of Meloidogyne spp.,was evaluated as a potential biocontrol agent of Meloidogyne incognita under in vitro and protective *** observations showed that HDZ-9-47 parasitized eggs of *** within 7 *** vitro,the culture filtrate of HDZ-9-47 caused 97.0%mortality of second-stage juveniles（J2s）of *** and inhibited more than 50%egg *** the field,compared with the control,the rootknot index and J2s density in the treatment of drench the broth contained 1012 HDZ-9-47 spores were respectively reduced by 51.1 and 80.7%at 90 days post transplantation,which were better than that in other application doses and *** addition,reduction rates of root-knot index and J2s density of the treatment of combined application of HDZ-9-47 with biofumigation was 87.1 and 91.0%,respectively,better than either of HDZ-9-47 or biofumigation used alone or fosthiazate *** tomato yield also increased by 16.1%.Together,our results suggest that HDZ-9-47 could be an effective biocontrol agent of ***,and that application of HDZ-9-47 combined with cabbage residue biofumigation was a promising and sustainable option for *** control.

关键词： Meloidogyne incognita Streptomyces rubrogriseus biocontrol parasitism nematicidal metabolites control efficacy

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