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Novel insights into autophagy in gastrointestinal pathologies,mechanisms in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and acute liver failure

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第27期30卷 3273-3277页

作者： Tsvetelina Velikova Milena Gulinac Medical Faculty Sofia University St Kliment OhridskiSofia 1407Bulgaria Department of General and Clinical pathology Medical University of PlovdivPlovdiv 4002Bulgaria

In this editorial,we comment on three articles published in a recent issue of World Journal of *** is a pressing need for new research on autophagy's role in gastrointestinal(GI)disorders,and also novel insights into some liver conditions,such as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)and acute liver failure(ALF).Despite advancements,understanding autophagy's intricate mechanisms and implications in these diseases remains ***,MAFLD's pathogenesis,encompassing hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysregulation,require further ***,the mechanisms underlying ALF,a severe hepatic dysfunction,are poorly *** studies exploring the interplay between autophagy and GI disorders,as well as defined mechanisms of MAFLD and ALF,are crucial for identifying therapeutic targets and enhancing diagnostic and treatment strategies to mitigate the global burden of these diseases.

关键词： Gastrointestinal diseases Autophagy Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease High-normal alanine aminotransferase level Silent information regulator sirtuin 1 Acute liver failure

Stable diffusion gradients in microfluidic conduits bounded by fluid walls

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 357-367页

作者： Federico Nebuloni Cyril Deroy Peter R.Cook Edmond J.Walsh Department of Engineering Science Osney Thermo-Fluids InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxford OX20ESUK Sir William Dunn School of pathology University of OxfordOxford OX13REUK

Assays mimicking in vitro the concentration gradients triggering biological responses like those involved in fighting infections and blood clotting are essential for biomedical *** assays prove especially attractive as they allow precise control of gradient shape allied to a reduction in *** microfluidic devices are fabricated using solid plastics that prevent direct access to responding ***-walled microfluidics allows the manufacture of circuits on standard Petri dishes in seconds,coupled to simple operating methods;cell-culture medium sitting in a standard dish is confined to circuits by fluid walls made of an immiscible *** develop and experimentally validate an analytical model of diffusion between two or more aqueous streams flowing at different rates into a fluid-walled conduit with the cross-section of a circular *** solid walls,fluid walls morph during flows as pressures fall,with wall shape changing down the *** model is validated experimentally for Fourier numbers<0.1 using fluorescein diffusing between laminar *** enables a priori prediction of concentration gradients throughout a conduit,so allowing rapid circuit design as well as providing bioscientists with an accurate way of predicting local concentrations of bioactive molecules around responsive and nonresponsive cells.

关键词： walls diffusion attractive

Gastroesophageal signet ring cell carcinoma morbidity and mortality: A retrospective review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第6期16卷 1629-1636页

作者： Megan Grinlinton Chris Furkert Andrew Maurice Neville Angelo Michael Booth Department of General Surgery North Shore HospitalAuckland 0620New Zealand Department of pathology North Shore HospitalAuckland 0620New Zealand

BACKGROUND Upper gastrointestinal(GI)signet ring cell carcinomas(SRCC)confer a poor *** benefit of operative intervention for this patient group is contro-versial in terms of overall *** To investigate factors relating to survival in patients with upper GI *** A retrospective,tertiary,single-centre review of patients who were diagnosed with oesophageal,gastroesophageal junction and gastric SRCC was *** primary outcome was to compare mortality of patients who underwent operative management with those who had nonoperative ***-dary outcomes included assessing the relationship between demographic and histopathological factors,and *** One hundred and thirty-one patients were *** one-year survival for the operative group was 81%and for the nonoperative group was 19.1%.The five-year survival in the operative group was 28.6%vs 1.5%in the nonoperative *** difference in overall survival between groups was statistically significant(HR 0.19,95%CI(0.13-0.30),P<0.001).There was no difference in survival when ad-justing for age,smoking status or *** multivariate analysis,patients who underwent surgical management,those with a lower stage of disease,and those with a lower Charlson Comorbidity Index(CCI)had significantly improved *** Well-selected patients with upper GI SRCC appear to have reasonable medium-term survival following *** surgery to a carefully selected patient group may improve the outcome for this disease.

关键词： Signet ring cell carcinoma Gastric cancer Oesophageal cancer Poorly cohesive gastric cancer Diffuse gastric cancer

APTAnet: an atom-level peptide-TCR interaction affinity prediction model

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Biophysics Reports 2024年第1期10卷 1-14页

作者： Peng Xiong Anyi Liang Xunhui Cai Tian Xia School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Institute of pathology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology

The prediction of affinity between TCRs and peptides is crucial for the further development of TIL(Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes) immunotherapy. Inspired by the broader research of drug-protein interaction(DPI), we propose an atom-level peptide-TCR interaction(PTI) affinity prediction model APTAnet using natural language processing methods. APTAnet model achieved an average ROC-AUC and PR-AUC of 0.893 and 0.877, respectively, in ten-fold cross-validation on 25,675 pairs of PTI ***, experimental results on an independent test set from the McPAS database showed that APTAnet outperformed the current mainstream models. Finally, through the validation on 11 cases of real tumor patient data, we found that the APTAnet model can effectively identify tumor peptides and screen tumor-specific TCRs.

关键词： Immunotherapy TCR Antigen Natural language processing Transfer learning

Identification of collagen subtypes of gastric cancer for distinguishing patient prognosis and therapeutic response

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Cancer Innovation 2024年第4期3卷 87-102页

作者： Di Wang Jing Zhang Jianchao Wang Zhonglin Cai Shanfeng Jin Gang Chen Department of Molecular pathology Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical UniversityFujian Cancer HospitalFuzhouChina Department of pathology Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical UniversityFujian Cancer HospitalFuzhouChina Department of Urology Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New AreaShanghaiChina

Background:Gastric cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease,presenting a major obstacle to personalized *** markers of the immune checkpoint blockade response are needed for precise patient ***,therefore,divided patients with gastric cancer according to collagen gene expression to indicate their prognosis and treatment ***:We collected data for 1250 patients with gastric cancer from four *** the TCGA‐STAD cohort,we used consensus clustering to stratify patients based on expression levels of 44 collagen genes and compared the prognosis and clinical characteristics between collagen *** then identified distinct transcriptomic and genetic alteration signatures for the *** analyzed the associations of collagen subtypes with the responses to chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and targeted *** also established a platform‐independent collagen‐subtype *** verified the findings in three validation cohorts(GSE84433,GSE62254,and GSE15459)and compared the collagen subtyping method with other molecular subtyping ***:We identified two subtypes of gastric adenocarcinoma:a highexpression collagen subtype(CS‐H)and a low‐expression collagen subtype(CS‐L).Collagen subtype was an independent prognostic factor,with better overall survival in the CS‐L *** inflammatory response,angiogenesis,and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase(PI3K)/Akt pathways were transcriptionally active in the CS‐H subtype,while DNA repair activity was significantly greater in the CS‐L ***3CA was frequently amplified in the CS‐H subtype,while PIK3C2A,PIK3C2G,and PIK3R1 were frequently deleted in the CS‐L ***‐H subtype tumors were more sensitive to fluorouracil,while CS‐L subtype tumors were more sensitive to immune checkpoint ***‐L subtype was predicted to be more sensitive to HER2‐targeted drugs,and CS‐H subtype was predicted to be more sensitive to vascular endothelial growth factor and PI3K pathway‐target

关键词： biomarker cancer classification collagen gastric cancer phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase

A Case Report of Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis with Associated Opportunistic Infection of Pneumocystis jirovecii and Molluscum Contagiosum

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 68-71页

作者： Sapna Patel Deepika Gurumurthy Smitha Rani Sheela Devi Department of pathology JSSAHERMysoreKarnatakaIndia2Department of Forensic MedicineJSSAHERMysoreKarnatakaIndia

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis(PAP)is an idiopathic rare diffuse pulmonary disease,first described in 1958 by Rosen et *** estimated prevalence is about 1 in 3.7-6.9×10^(6) with a male:female ratio of 1:1-2:*** of the patient’s age ranges between 20 and 50 *** on microscopy is characterized by the presence of massive insoluble,amorphous,phospholipid-rich protein deposits in the bronchial and alveolar *** patients with acquired PAP present with cough and exertional *** has been studied that there is increased risk of superinfection in PAP with opportunistic organisms like pneumocystis and vice *** diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia rests on the demonstration of the organism within the alveoli by special stains like Grocott Methenamine Silver *** contagiosum(MC)is a common superficial skin infection caused by the *** is characterized by painless papules commonly seen in children and immunocompromised ***,we present a 34-year-old female who had complaints of severe difficulty in breathing and was brought dead to our *** external examination,she had multiple warts over chest,abdomen,and over *** examination was *** of kidney,lung,and skin biopsy of genital warts sent for histopathological examination revealed acute tubular necrosis,*** with PAP,and MC respectively.

关键词： Bronchoalveolar lavage molluscum contagiosum Pneumocystis jirovecii pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

Mitochondrial DNA methylation and mitochondria-related epigenetics in neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 405-406页

作者： Fabio Coppedè Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies Laboratory of Medical GeneticsUniversity of PisaPisaItaly、Interdepartmental Research Center of Biology and Pathology of AgingUniversity of PisaPisaItaly

Mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles referred to as the powerhouse of the cell because they are primarily involved in oxidative phosphorylation and energy *** are particularly abundant in tissues with high energy demands,including muscle,liver,and brain,and mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)damage,and impaired mitochondrial dynamics have often been associated with neurodegeneration.

关键词： impaired neurodegeneration oxidative

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Unraveling the routes to distant metastases in colorectal cancer:Tumor deposits and lymph node metastases as the gateway

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Cancer Communications 2024年第10期44卷 1209-1213页

作者： Nelleke Pietronella Maria Brouwer Ayse Selcen Oguz Erdogan Shannon van Vliet Natasja Rutgers Nikki Knijn Gesina van Lijnschoten Jessica Juliana Tan Johannes Hendrik Willem de Wilt Niek Hugen Gina Brown Femke Simmer Iris Dionne Nagtegaal Department of pathology Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenGelderlandThe Netherlands Department of pathology PathologyDNAArnhemGelderlandThe Netherlands Department of pathology Eurofins/Laboratoria voor Pathologie en Medische Microbiologie NederlandEindhovenNoord-BrabantThe Netherlands GI Cancer Imaging Research Unit The Royal Marsden HospitalSuttonLondonUnited Kingdom Department of Surgery Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenGelderlandThe Netherlands Department of Surgery Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamNoord-HollandThe Netherlands Department of Surgery Rijnstate HospitalArnhemGelderlandThe Netherlands Imperial College London Hammersmith Campus LondonLondonUnited Kingdom

Currently,lymph node metastases(LNM)are seen as the gateway to distant metastases in CRC and play a crucial role in the Tumor Node Metastasis(TNM)staging system[1,2].Tumor deposits(TD)have been identified as another histological feature with a strong prognostic impact but are currently only deemed clinically relevant in the absence of LNM[2,3].TD are clusters of tumor cells in the fat surrounding the bowel and are often associated with nerves,vessels and lymphatic tissue,giving the cancer cells access to multiple routes of spread[4].

关键词： metastases cancer gateway

Nitrogen availability mediates the effects of roots and mycorrhizal fungi on soil organic carbon decomposition:A meta-analysis

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 289-296页

作者： Tongshuo BAI Yunpeng QIU Shuijin HU Ecosystem Ecology Laboratory College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Department of Entomology&Plant pathology North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh NC 27695USA

Plant roots and their associated mycorrhizal fungi critically mediate the decomposition of soil organic carbon(C),but the general patterns of their impacts over a broad geographical range and the primary mediating factors remain *** on a synthesis of 596 paired observations from both field and greenhouse experiments,we found that living roots and/or mycorrhizal fungi increased organic C decomposition by 30.9%,but low soil nitrogen(N)availability(i.e.,high soil C:N ratio)critically mitigated this promotion *** addition,the positive effects of living roots and/or mycorrhizal fungi on organic C decomposition were higher under herbaceous and leguminous plants than under woody and non-leguminous plants,***,there was no significant difference between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and ectomycorrhizal fungi in their effects on organic C ***,roots and/or mycorrhizal fungi significantly enhanced the decomposition of leaf litter but not root *** findings advance our understanding of how roots and their symbiotic fungi modulate soil C dynamics in the rhizosphere or mycorrhizosphere and may help improve predictions of soil global C balance under a changing climate.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ectomycorrhizal fungi leaf litter leguminous plant mycorhizosphere rhizosphere root litter soil C:N ratio

维普期刊数据库