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Geological characteristics and ‘‘sweet area'' evaluation for tight oil

petroleum Science 2015年第4期12卷 606-617页

作者： Cai-Neng Zou Zhi Yang Lian-Hua Hou Ru-Kai Zhu Jing-Wei Cui Song-Tao Wu Sen-Hu Lin Qiu-Lin Guo She-Jiao Wang Deng-Hua Li Petro China research Institute of petroleum Exploration and development

Tight oil has become the focus in exploration and development of unconventional oil in the world, especially in North America and China. In North America, there has been intensive exploration for tight oil in marine. In China, commercial exploration for tight oil in conti- nental sediments is now steadily underway. With the dis- covery of China＇s first tight oil field--Xin＇anbian Oilfield in the Ordos Basin, tight oil has been integrated officially into the category for reserves evaluation. Geologically, tight oil is characterized by distribution in depressions and slopes of basins, extensive, mature, and high-quality source rocks, large-scale reservoir space with micro- and nanopore throat systems, source rocks and reservoirs in close contact and with continuous distribution, and local ＂sweet area.＂ The evaluation of the distribution of tight oil ＂sweet area＂ should focus on relationships between ＂six features.＂ These are source properties, lithology, physical properties, brittleness, hydrocarbon potential, and stress anisotropy. In North America, tight oil prospects are distributed in lamellar shale or marl, where natural fractures are fre- quently present, with TOC 〉 4 %, porosity 〉 7 %, brittle mineral content 〉 50 %, oil saturation of 50 %-80 %, API 〉 35~, and pressure coefficient 〉 1.30. In China, tight oil prospects are distributed in lamellar shale, tight sand- stone, or tight carbonate rocks, with TOC 〉 2 %, poros- ity 〉 8 %, brittle mineral content 〉 40 %, oil saturation of 60 %-90 %, low crude oil viscosity, or high formation pressure. Continental tight oil is pervasive in China and its preliminary estimated technically recoverable resources are about （20-25） × lO8^ t.

关键词： Tight oil Geological features "Sweet area"evaluation Tight reservoirs Unconventional oil and gas Shale oil

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Methods for seismic sedimentology research on continental basins

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petroleum Science 2015年第1期12卷 67-80页

作者： Ping-Sheng Wei Ming-Jun Su Petrochina research Institute of petroleum Exploration & development-Northwest

In contrast to marine deposits, continental deposits in China are characterized by diverse sedimentary types, rapid changes in sedimentary facies, complex lithology, and thin, small sand bodies. In seismic sedimentology studies on continental lacustrine basins, new thinking and more detailed and effective technical means are needed to generate lithological data cubes and conduct seismic geo- morphologic analyses. Based on a series of tests and studies, this paper presents the concepts of time-equivalent seismic attributes and seismic sedimentary bodies and a ＂four-step approach＂ for the seismic sedimentologic study of conti- nental basins： Step 1, build a time-equivalent stratigraphic framework based on vertical analysis and horizontal corre- lation of lithofacies, electrofacies, seismic facies, and pale- ontological combinations; Step 2, further build a sedimentary facies model based on the analysis of single- well facies with outcrop, coring, and lab test data; Step 3, convert the seismic data into a lithological data cube reflecting different lithologies by means of seismic tech- niques; and Step 4, perform a time-equivalent attribute analysis and convert the planar attribute into a sedimentary facies map under the guidance of the sedimentary facies model. The whole process, highlighting the verification and calibration of geological data, is an iteration and feedback procedure of geoseismic data. The key technologies include the following：（1） a seismic data-lithology conversion technique applicable to complex lithology, which can convert the seismic reflection from interface types to rock layers; and （2） time-equivalent seismic unit analysis and a time- equivalent seismic attribute extraction technique. Finally, this paper demonstrates the validity of the approach with an example from the Qikou Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin and subsequent drilling results.

关键词： Continental basin Seismic sedimentology Four-step approach Time-equivalent seismic attribute Seismic sedimentary body Lithology conversion processing

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“Exploring petroleum inside source kitchen”: Shale oil and gas in Sichuan Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第7期63卷 934-953页

作者： Caineng ZOU Zhi YANG Shasha SUN Qun ZHAO Wenhua BAI Honglin LIU Songqi PAN Songtao WU Yilin YUAN PetroChina research Institute of petroleum Exploration and development Beijing 100083China

The Sichuan Basin is rich in shale oil and gas resources,with favorable geological conditions that the other shale reservoirs in China cannot ***,the basin is an ideal option for fully"exploring petroleum inside source kitchen"with respect to onshore shale oil and gas in *** paper analyzes the characteristics of shale oil and gas resources in the United States and China,and points out that maturity plays an important role in controlling shale oil and gas *** shale oil and gas exhibit high proportions of light hydrocarbon and wet gas,whereas Chinese marine and transitional shale gas is mainly dry gas and continental shale oil is generally heavy.A comprehensive geological study of shale oil and gas in the Sichuan Basin reveals findings with respect to the following three ***,there are multiple sets of organic-rich shale reservoirs of three types in the basin,such as the Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation and Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Silurian Longmaxi Formation marine shale,Permian Longtan Formation transitional shale,Triassic Xujiahe Formation lake-swamp shale,and Jurassic lacustrine *** shale gas enrichment is mainly controlled by four elements:Deep-water shelf facies,moderate thermal evolution,calcium-rich and silicon-rich rock association,and closed roof/***,the"sweet section"is generally characterized by high total organic carbon,high gas content,large porosity,high brittle minerals content,high formation pressure,and the presence of lamellation/bedding and natural ***,the"sweet area"is generally characterized by very thick organic-rich shale,moderate thermal evolution,good preservation conditions,and shallow burial depth,which are exemplified by the shale oil and gas in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation,Longtan Formation,and Daanzhai Member of the Ziliujing ***,the marine,transitional,and continental shale oil and gas resources in the Sichuan Basin account for 50%,25%,and 30%of the res

关键词： Shale oil Shale gas Marine facies Continental facies Transitional facies Resource potential Sweet area Sweet section Source rock oil and gas Shale oil and gas revolution "Sichuan-Chongqing Daqing-Gas"

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Microscopic oil occurrence in high-maturity lacustrine shales:Qingshankou Formation,Gulong Sag,Songliao Basin

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petroleum Science 2023年第5期20卷 2726-2746页

作者： Jing-Ya Zhang Ru-Kai Zhu Song-Tao Wu Xiao-Hua Jiang Chang Liu Yi Cai Su-Rong Zhang Tian-Shu Zhang research Institute of petroleum Exploration and development PetroChinaBeijing100083China

Occurrence and mobility of shale oil are prerequisites for evaluating shale oil reserves and prioritizing exploration targets,particularly for heterogeneous lacustrine *** Qingshankou Formation in the Gulong Sag,Songliao Basin is a classic lacustrine pure shale reservoir that contains abundant shale oil *** predicted geological reserves of the shale are 1.268×10^(9) *** this study,field emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM),the modular automated processing system(MAPS),pyrolysisgas chromatography(Py-GC),low-pressure nitrogen gas adsorption(LPNA),Soxhlet extraction,pyrolysis,and 2-D nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)were integrated to describe the shale oil components,microscopic occurrence,mobility,and the effective pore size ***,the related controlling factors are *** shale oil in the Qingshankou Fm exists dominantly in the matrix pores of the clay minerals,with small amounts distributed in the intergranular pores of terrigenous clastic grains,intercrystalline pores of pyrite,intragranular pores of ostracod shells,and *** oil is distributed in the pore spaces of variable sizes in different *** clay mineral-laminated shales are characterized by the broadest range of pore size and largest volume of pore spaces with shale oil distribution,while the ostracod-laminated shales have limited pore spaces retaining ***,the proposed integrated analysis evaluates the shale oil molecules existing in two states:movable,and adsorbed oil,*** result illustrates that movable oil takes up 30.6%e79.4%of the total residual ***,mineral composition,and pore structures of the shale joint together to control the states and mobility of the shale *** values are positively correlated with the quantities of shale oil regardless of the state of *** mineral components significantly impact the state of shale *** differences in the states of oil were observed following

关键词： Shale oil content Occurrence states Micro-oil distribution Effective pore spaces Controlling factors Gulong sag

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Evaluation of effective carrier system and function on hydrocarbon accumulation in Gaoyou Sag,Subei Basin,China

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Journal of Central South University 2013年第6期20卷 1679-1692页

作者：李浩高先志孟晓燕赵赟龙张明 College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum research Institute of petroleum Exploration & development-NORTHWEST (NWGI) PetroChina Geoscicnce center Greatwall Drilling Company

Effective carrier system comprises carrier beds which transport hydrocarbons. The spatial and temporal effectiveness of carrier system is identified according to the relevance of hydrocarbon show, hydrocarbon inclusion and sealing ability of fault to hydrocarbons distribution, together with matching relation of activity history of fault and hydrocarbon generation history of source rock. On the basis of the above considerations, transporting ability of effective carrier system can be evaluated using parameters such as fluid potential, porosity and permeability, spatial coefficient of effective pathway as well as activity rate of fault. Additionally, a new concept of＂transporting threshold porosity＂ was proposed. Five styles of effective carrier systems were established in Gaoyou Sag, displaying either layered or zonal distribution characteristics, and transporting time ranges from the sedimentary time of Ezdz to early stage of sanduo uplift. Effective carrier systems can be described to be lowly-efficient and highly-efficient. Major faults （convex or steep fault plane） with activity rate greater than 20 m/Ma and structure ridges of sand layers with spatial coefficient of effective pathway greater than 25% are defined to be highly-efficient carrier beds. Hydrocarbons are concentrated around high-efficient carrier beds and E1 f traps of northern shanian area are predicted to have great potential.

关键词： effective carrier system transporting threshold porosity of carrier beds fluid potential hydrocarbon migration GaoyouSag

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Tight sandstone gas accumulation mechanisms and sweet spot prediction, Triassic Xujiahe Formation, Sichuan Basin, China

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petroleum Science 2023年第6期20卷 3301-3310页

作者： Lin Jiang Wen Zhao Dong-Mei Bo Feng Hong Yan-Jie Gong Jia-Qing Hao research Institute of petroleum Exploration and development PetroChinaBeijing100083China

The prediction of continental tight sandstone gas sweet spots is an obstacle during tight sandstone gas exploration. In this work, the classic physical fluid charging experimental equipment is improved, the combination of the gas migration and accumulation process with the pore network numerical simulation method is investigated, and application of the permeability/porosity ratio is proposed to predict the gas saturation and sweet spots of continental formations. The results show that (1) as the charging pressure increases, the permeability of the reservoir increases because more narrow pore throats are displaced in the percolation process;and (2) based on pore network numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, the natural gas migration and accumulation mechanisms are revealed. The gas saturation of tight sandstone rock is controlled by the gas charging pressure and dynamic percolation characteristics. (3) The ratio of permeability/porosity and fluid charging pressure is proposed to predict the gas saturation of the formation. The ratio is verified in a pilot and proven to be applicable and practical. This work highlights the tight sandstone gas migration and accumulation mechanisms and narrows the gap among microscale physical experiments, numerical simulation research, and field applications.

关键词： Tight sandstone gas Hydrocarbon migration and accumulation Physical experiment Numerical simulation

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GAS BUBBLE-FACilITATED TRANSPORT OF METALS IN LITHOSPHERE

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 1999年第1期9卷 154-159页

作者： Wen, Baihong Putikov, O.F. Scientific research Inst of Petroleum Exploration and Development of CNPC Beijing China

１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎｄｉｓｔａｎｔｍｉｇｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｄｅｐｔｈｏｆｔｈｅｅａｒｔｈｈａｖｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｓｉｎｃｅ１９８０．Ｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｓｔｕｄｉ... 详细信息

１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎｄｉｓｔａｎｔｍｉｇｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｄｅｐｔｈｏｆｔｈｅｅａｒｔｈｈａｖｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｓｉｎｃｅ１９８０．Ｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｉｓｆｏｃｕｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｔ...

关键词： gas bubble facilitated transport of metals mobile forms of occurrence of elements stabilization effect jet halo of dispersion porous medium

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Exosomes:the next-generation therapeutic platform for ischemic stroke

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第5期20卷 1221-1235页

作者： Wenjing Yin Hongyin Ma Yang Qu Jiaxin Ren Yingying Sun Zhen-Ni Guo Yi Yang Stroke center Department of NeurologyFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Neuroscience research center Department of NeurologyFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina

Current therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke fall short of the desired objective of neurological functional ***,there is an urgent need to develop new methods for the treatment of this *** are natural cell-derived vesicles that mediate signal transduction between cells under physiological and pathological *** have low immunogenicity,good stability,high delivery efficiency,and the ability to cross the blood–brain *** physiological properties of exosomes have the potential to lead to new breakthroughs in the treatment of ischemic *** rapid development of nanotechnology has advanced the application of engineered exosomes,which can effectively improve targeting ability,enhance therapeutic efficacy,and minimize the dosages *** in technology have also driven clinical translational research on *** this review,we describe the therapeutic effects of exosomes and their positive roles in current treatment strategies for ischemic stroke,including their antiinflammation,anti-apoptosis,autophagy-regulation,angiogenesis,neurogenesis,and glial scar formation reduction ***,it is worth noting that,despite their significant therapeutic potential,there remains a dearth of standardized characterization methods and efficient isolation techniques capable of producing highly purified *** optimization strategies should prioritize the exploration of suitable isolation techniques and the establishment of unified workflows to effectively harness exosomes for diagnostic or therapeutic applications in ischemic ***,our review aims to summarize our understanding of exosome-based treatment prospects in ischemic stroke and foster innovative ideas for the development of exosome-based therapies.

关键词： blood–brain barrier electroacupuncture engineering exercise exosomes ischemic stroke mesenchymal stem cells microglia neuroprotection stents

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Control of coupling among three major factors for formation of high-efficiency gas reservoir——A case study on the oolitic beach gas reservoir in Feixianguan Formation in the northeast Sichuan Basin

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第A01期52卷 201-214页

作者： WANG ZeCheng ZHAO WenZhi ZHANG ShuiChang WANG HongJun YU Qian Institute of Geology Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing 100083 China research Institute of petroleum Exploration and development Beijing 100083 China Testing center of petroleum Geology Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing 100083 China Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources Chengdu 610082 China

Through a case study of the high-efficiency gas reservoir in Feixianguan Formation in the northeast Sichuan Basin, quantitative and semi-quantitative analyses of key elements such as hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation, and reservoir evolution as well as their interplay in the critical moment of reservoir formation controlled by the energy field were carried out, by means of numerical modeling of the energy field. It was found that the climax time for Permian hydrocarbon generation was Late Triassic-Early Jurassic and accumulation of oil and gas has resulted in large-scale paleoreservoirs in paleostructural traps in Feixianguan Formation, a process facilitated by fractures connecting the sources. The paleoreservoirs have been turned into high-efficiency gas kitchens due to pyrolysis, which resulted from deep burial at a temperature of 170―210 ℃ as induced by tremendously thick sedimentation in the foreland basin of Daba Mountain in Late Jurassic-Cretaceous period. Meanwhile, abundant acid gas like H2S produced from thermo-chemical sulfate reduction (TSR) at high temperatures leads to extensive dissolution of dolostone in the paleoreservoirs, which may in turn result in modification of the reservoirs and preservation of the reservoir rock porosity. The present distribution of gas reservoirs was ultimately determined in the processes of adjustment, cooling and decompression of the paleoreservoirs resulting from intense deformation in the front of Daba Mountain during the Himalayan orogeny.

关键词：数字模型高效率储存四川盆地资源开发

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Mechanism of inflammatory response and therapeutic effects of stem cells in ischemic stroke:current evidence and future perspectives

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第1期20卷 67-81页

作者： Yubo Wang Tingli Yuan Tianjie Lyu Ling Zhang Meng Wang Zhiying He Yongjun Wang Zixiao Li Vascular Neurology Department of NeurologyBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina China National Clinical research center for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Shanghai Engineering research center of Stem Cells Translational Medicine ShanghaiChina National center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Institute for Regenerative Medicine Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina Chinese Institute for Brain research BeijingChina research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina Beijing Engineering research center of Digital Healthcare for Neurological Diseases BeijingChina

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide,with an increasing trend and tendency for onset at a younger ***,in particular,bears a high burden of stroke *** recent years,the inflammatory response after stroke has become a research hotspot:understanding the role of inflammatory response in tissue damage and repair following ischemic stroke is an important direction for its *** review summarizes several major cells involved in the inflammatory response following ischemic stroke,including microglia,neutrophils,monocytes,lymphocytes,and ***,we have also highlighted the recent progress in various treatments for ischemic stroke,particularly in the field of stem cell ***,understanding the complex interactions between inflammation and ischemic stroke can provide valuable insights for developing treatment strategies and improving patient *** cell therapy may potentially become an important component of ischemic stroke treatment.

关键词： cell therapy immune cell inflammatory ischemic stroke stem cell

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