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Small-Scale Tomato Cultivators’ Perception on Pesticides Usage and Practices in Buea Cameroon

health 2014年第21期6卷 2945-2958页

作者： Tinyami Erick Tandi Choi Jae Wook Tumenta Terence Shendeh Eko Alain Eko Chick Ofilia Afoh Institute for Occupational and Environmental health Korea University Seoul Korea School of Medicine Graduate School of Public Health Korea University Seoul Korea ministery of public health Yaounde Cameroon District Hospital Kumba Cameroon

It has been shown that farmers with limited knowledge of the use and safe handling of pesticides may suffer exposure which results in adverse health effects. In Buea, Cameroon, small-scale tomato farmers commonly use pesticides for pest control. Information was obtained from these tomato farmers to determine the extent and types of their pesticide use, their knowledge of pesticide use and effectiveness, and their perception of potential harm resulting from pesticide use. A standardized questionnaire, interviews, field observations and an analytical ranking game were used to describe the pesticide use of 93 tomato farmers. Many farmers (47.6%) used pyrethiod and organophosphorus insecticides and identified these chemicals as the most effective in pesticide control;these are WHO Class II pesticides which are the most hazardous to humans. Most farmers (83.8%) used knapsack sprayers to apply pesticides, with 76.3% using no or partial personal protective equipment (PPE). It was notable that 55.5% of farmers expressed no concern regarding the wind direction (pesticide drift) during spraying. The results showed a significant association between the method of pesticides application and farm size (P health risks of pesticides and alternative options of pest management and control are required. The study also raised concerns that further control of the sale and distribution of pesticides may be indicated.

关键词： Small-Scale Farming Tomato Cultivation Pesticides Poisoning Cameroon

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Sensitivity and Specificity of Various Serological Tests for Detection of Brucella spp. Infection in Male Goats and Sheep

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Advances in Microbiology 2016年第2期6卷 98-103页

作者： Waffa A. Ahmed Shaimaa A. Majeed Ameer H. Abdul Ameer Nawal D. Mahmmod Nameer I. Saeed Luma. Y. Hanaa Zoonosis Diseases Unit College of Veterinary Medicine Baghdad University Baghdad Iraq ministery of Agriculture Agriculture Research Office Baghdad Iraq Vet Research & Laboratories Department Baghdad Iraq

Brucellosis is a zoonosis found throughout the world with major implications both in the field of public health and farming economy. It is most often caused by Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis. This study aimed for evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of immunochromatographic assay (ICA) and comparing the results with those obtained from Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and in direct Enzyme Linked Immunsorbent Assay (ELISA) for serodiagnosis of sheep and goat brucellosis. Out of 41 sera samples (21 ram and 20 male goats) which were examined, antibodies against Brucella were detected in ram 8 (38.09%), 6 (28.57%) and 16 (76.19%) in ram samples, whereas they were detected in 3 (15%), 1 (5%) and 12 (60%) serum sample of goats males by RBPT, (ICA) and iELISA respectively. The kappa value between iELISA and ICA was -0.08 and that between RBPT and ELISA was -0.01 in ram and the kappa value between iELISA and ICA was -0.06 and that between RBPT and ELISA was -0.14 in male goats. The sensitivity for RBPT and ICA were 37.5% and 25% while specificity was 60% and 60% in ram;whereas, in male goats, sensitivity for RBPT was 8.33% and ICA was 8.33% while specificity was 75% and 100% respectively. It can be concluded that the developed ICA is immunodiagnostic assay, and it is rapid, non-expensive, economical and suitable for large-scale screening in developing countries and rural areas.

关键词： Brucellosis RBPT ICA iELISA Sheep Goat

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