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Auxin signaling gets oxidative to promote root hair growth

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Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 696-698页

作者： Victoria Berdion Gabarain Miguel A.Ibeas Hernan Salinas-Grenet Jose M.Estevez Fundación Instituto Leloir&IIBBA-CONICET Av.Patricias Argentinas 435Buenos Aires C1405BWEArgentina Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal Facultad de Ciencias de la VidaUniversidad Andres BelloSantiagoChile ANID Millennium Science Initiative ProgramMillennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants(MN-SAP)SantiagoChile ANID Millennium Science Initiative ProgramMillennium Institute for Integrative Biology(iBio)SantiagoChile

Root hairs(RHs)emerge as cylindrical cell protrusions from the root epidermis in a polar manner,and these outgrows inc.ease the rhizosphere space to acquire water and nutrients,anchor the plant,and interact with various soil *** is one of the key hormones to promote RH growth,and high levels of auxin are directly promoted by low levels of macronutrients in the soil,such as phosphate(Bhosale et al.,2018)and nitrates(Jia et al.,2023).The nutritional signals for roots,which rapidly change in both time and place within the soil,are tightly linked to signaling pathways that execute swifts on cellular processes to adjust to a challenging *** rapid alkalinization factors(RALFs)are peptides that are released outside the cell and act as peptide-hormone *** attach to the extracellular domains of members of the Catharanthus roseus RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1-LIKE family,specifically FERONIA(FER)in conjunction with its co-receptor LORELEI-LIKE-GPIANCHORED PROTEIN 1.

关键词： soil outside alkali

Semantic segmentation via pixel-to-center similarity calculation

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第1期9卷 87-100页

作者： Dongyue Wu Zilin Guo Aoyan Li Changqian Yu Nong Sang Changxin Gao National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Multispectral Information Processing School of Artificial Intelligence and AutomationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina Meituan inc. BeijingChina

Sinc. the fully convolutional network has achieved great success in semantic segmentation,lots of works have been proposed to extract discriminative pixel ***,the authors observe that existing methods still suffer from two typical challenges:(i)The intra-class feature variation between different scenes may be large,leading to the difficulty in maintaining the consistency between same-class pixels from different scenes;(ii)The inter-class feature distinc.ion in the same scene could be small,resulting in the limited performance to distinguish different classes in each *** authors first rethink se-mantic segmentation from a perspective of similarity between pixels and class *** weight vector of the segmentation head represents its corresponding semantic class in the whole dataset,which can be regarded as the embedding of the class ***,the pixel-wise classification amounts to computing similarity in the final feature space between pixels and the class *** this novel view,the authors propose a Class Center Similarity(CCS)layer to address the above-mentioned challenges by generating adaptive class centers conditioned on each scenes and supervising the similarities between class *** CCS layer utilises the Adaptive Class Center Module to generate class centers conditioned on each scene,which adapt the large intra-class variation between different *** designed Class Distance Loss(CD Loss)is introduced to control both inter-class and intra-class distances based on the predicted center-to-center and pixel-to-center ***,the CCS layer outputs the processed pixel-to-center similarity as the segmentation *** experiments demonstrate that our model performs favourably against the state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： computer vision deep neural networks image segmentation scene understanding

Seismic response of deep circular tunnels subjected to S-waves:Axial bending

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Underground space 2024年第4期17卷 267-279页

作者： Chatuphat Savigamin Antonio Bobet Osvaldo P.M.Vitali HR Engineering Services Inc.MedleyFL 33166United States Lyles School of Civil Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907United States Department of Civil Environmentaland Construction EngineeringUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822United States

Ovaling deformation of circular tunnels has received great interest from the tunneling community because this mode of seismicinduced deformation is considered the most ***,there is growing evidence that other deformation modes can also be important and thus need to be considered in *** study presents a new analytical solution to estimate axial bending(snaking),a mode of deformation caused by S-waves impinging on a tunnel parallel to the tunnel *** solution is developed using the soilstructure interaction approach with the assumption that the interface between the ground and the tunnel lining is frictionless(fullslip).Full dynamic numerical simulations are conducted to verify the new full-slip solution,together with the existing no-slip *** of dynamic amplification are also explored for both full-slip and no-slip interface conditions by changing the wavelength(or frequency)of the seismic input motions.

关键词： Seismic response of tunnels Analytical solutions Soil-structure interaction Axial bending Snaking S-waves

Polymer transfer film formation from cryogenic to elevated temperatures

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Friction 2024年第9期12卷 2018-2032页

作者： Kian BASHANDEH Vasilis TSIGKIS Ahmad AMIRI Pixiang LAN Andreas A.POLYCARPOU J.Mike Walker’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843USA ATSP Innovations Inc.HoustonTexas 77055USA Russell School of Chemical Engineering The University of TulsaTulsaOklahoma 74104USA Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of TulsaTulsaOklahoma 74104USA

This study reports on the tribological performance of aromatic thermosetting co-polyester(ATSP)and polyether ether ketone(PEEK)-based polymer composite coatings mixed with PTFE *** coatings were tested across a wide temperature range from−180 to 110℃ to simulate the environmental temperatures on Titan,Moon,and Mars,which are of particular interest for NASA’s future exploratory *** experimental setup was developed to conduct the pin-on-disk experiments under dry sliding conditions and extreme temperature and contact *** film formation and its characteristics were found to play significant roles in the tribological performance,and the characteristics of the film were *** XPS and SEM analysis indicated the inc.ease of the PTFE content in the transfer film as the temperature decreased to cryogenic *** coefficient of friction did not follow a linear trend with temperature and was minimum at 110℃ and maximum at−180℃.ATSP coating showed superior performance with lower friction and unmeasurable wear at all temperatures,whereas PEEK coating exhibited maximum wear at 25℃ followed by−180,and 110℃.

关键词： transfer film cryogenic high temperature tribology space tribology polymer coating

Templates for the synthesis of zeolites

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2024年第4期43卷 48-58页

作者： Huimin Luan Qinming Wu Jianping Wu Xiangju Meng Feng-Shou Xiao College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China Kente Catalysts inc. Fengxi West RoadModern Industrial ClusterXianju CountyZhejiang317300China Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Provinc. Department of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310007China

Though zeolites have been successfully synthesized for several decades,the roles of templates for zeolite synthesis are still not fully understood ***,many types of templates have been employed such as inorganic alkali metal ions,organic quaternary ammonium cations,organic amines,organic quaternary phosphonium cations,metal complexes and zeolite seeds,and the roles are mainly summarized into three aspects:structure-directing,space-filling and *** order to synthesize zeolites efficiently,the proposed princ.ples to guide zeolite synthesis are the stabilization of energy between templates and zeolite framework,charge density mis-matching(CDM)and structure matching between zeolite frameworks and *** purpose of this review is to briefly summarize the progresses in recent years,clearly showing the roles of the templates for zeolite synthesis.

关键词： Zeolites Templates Zeolite synthesis Zeolite structure

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SiP的模块化发展趋势

电子与封装 2024年第7期24卷 21-28页

作者： William Koh Pacrim Technology inc. IrvineCA 92602

系统级封装(SiP)技术已广泛应用于移动设备、可穿戴设备、健康和医疗设备、人工智能(AI)、物联网(IoT)和汽车电子。SiP采用异构集成的方式,将各种芯片和元件集成到一个封装中,以实现特定功能,并具有节省电路板空间、简化布局设计和降低... 详细信息

系统级封装(SiP)技术已广泛应用于移动设备、可穿戴设备、健康和医疗设备、人工智能(AI)、物联网(IoT)和汽车电子。SiP采用异构集成的方式,将各种芯片和元件集成到一个封装中,以实现特定功能,并具有节省电路板空间、简化布局设计和降低制造成本等优势。随着电子组件的小型化发展方向不断持续,一些SiP已经发展成为模块或系统级模块(SiM),可以直接连接并安装到器件中。回顾了SiP从多芯片模块(MCM)、多芯片封装(MCP)到高级芯粒封装和共封装光学器件(CPO)的演变。未来几年,更多的SiP将变成SiM,直接连接器件或系统。

关键词：系统级封装系统级模块多芯片模块

Low Thrust Minimum Time Orbit Transfer Nonlinear Optimization Using Impulse Discretization via the Modified Picard–Chebyshev Method

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2016年第1期111卷 1-27页

作者： Darin Koblick Shujing Xu Joshua Fogel Praveen Shankar California State University-Long Beach CAUSA. millennium space systems inc. El SegundoCAUSA. Claremont Graduate University CAUSA. University of California-San Diego CAUSA. University of Southern California Los AngelesCAUSA.

The Modified Picard-Chebyshev Method(MPCM)is implemented as an orbit propagation solver for a numerical optimization method that determines minimum time orbit transfer trajectory of a satellite using a series of multiple impulses at intermediate *** waypoints correspond to instantaneous impulses that are determined using a nonlinear constrained optimization routine,SNOPT with numerical force models for both Two-Body and J2 *** is found that using the MPCM inc.eases run-time performance of the discretized lowthrust optimization method when compared to other sequential numerical solvers,such as Adams-Bashforth-Moulton and Gauss-Jackson 8th order methods.

关键词： Low Thrust Picard–Chebyshev Optimization Multi-Impulse Boundary Value Problem.

Event-based optimization with random packet dropping

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2020年第11期63卷 175-194页

作者： Qing-Shan JIA Jing-Xian TANG Zhenning LANG Center for Intelligent and Networked systems Department of AutomationTsinghua University NetEase inc.

Event-based optimization(EBO) provides a general framework for policy optimization in many discrete event dynamic systems where decision making is triggered by events that represent state transitions with common features. Because the number of events can be defined by the user and usually inc.eases linearly with respect to the system scale, EBO has good potential to address large-scale problems where the state space grows exponentially. However, in many practical systems, sensors are geographically distributed and connected to a central controller through imperfect communication channels. Therefore, events observed by the sensors may not reach the controller. Optimization methods of event-based policies in these cases have not yet been identified. In this paper, we consider this important problem and make three major contributions. First, we formulate a mathematical EBO model in which the communication between sensors and controllers is subject to random packet dropping. Second, we show that this EBO model can be converted to another EBO model with perfect communication. Then, the performance difference equation and the performance derivative equation for event-based policies are straightforward to develop. One gradient-based policy iteration algorithm is developed for problems where the state transition probabilities are explicitly known, while another for problems where they are unknown. Third, the performance of the algorithms and the impact of the packet dropping probability on policy performance are numerically demonstrated on a single-zone occupant level estimation problem in buildings.

关键词： event-based optimization packet dropping discrete event dynamic systems

Decomposition of dynamic transcriptomic responses during effector-triggered immunity reveals conserved responses in two distinc. plant cell populations

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Plant Communications 2024年第8期5卷 1-17页

作者： Xiaotong Liu Daisuke Igarashi Rachel A.Hillmer Thomas Stoddard You Lu Kenichi Tsuda Chad L.Myers Fumiaki Katagiri Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota-Twin CitiesSt PaulMN 55108USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota-Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN 55455USA Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program University of Minnesota-Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN 55455USA Institute for Innovation Ajinomoto Co.Inc.KawasakiJapan State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHubei Key Lab of Plant PathologyCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Present address:225 S 6th St MinneapolisMN 55402USA Present address:Biotalys Inc.2520 Meridian Parkway Suite 480DurhamNC 27713USA Present address:Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Rapid plant immune responses in the appropriate cells are needed for effective defense against *** transcriptome analysis is often used to describe overall immune responses,collection of transcriptome data with sufficient resolution in both space and time is *** reanalyzed public Arabidopsis time-course transcriptome data obtained after low-dose inoculation with a Pseudomonas syringae strain expressing the effector AvrRpt2,which induces effector-triggered immunity in ***-peak time-course patterns are prevalent among thousands of upregulated *** implemented a multicompartment modeling approach to decompose the double-peak pattern into two single-peak patterns for each *** decomposed peaks reveal an“echoing”pattern:the peak times of the first and second peaks correlate well across most upregulated *** demonstrated that the two peaks likely represent responses of two distinc. cell populations that respond either cell autonomously or indirectly to ***,the peak decomposition has extracted spatial information from the time-course *** echoing pattern also indicates a conserved transcriptome response with different initiation times between the two cell populations despite different elicitor types.A gene set highly overlapping with the conserved gene set is also upregulated with similar kinetics during pattern-triggered *** of a WRKY network via different entry-point WRKYs can explain the similar but not identical transcriptome responses elicited by different elicitor *** discuss potential benefits of the properties of the WRKY activation network as an immune signaling network in light of pressure from rapidly evolving pathogens.

关键词： Arabidopsis Pseudomonas syringae plant immune response multi-compartment model WRKY transcription factors resilient immune signaling network