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Numerical simulation of tumor-induced angiogenesis influenced by the extra-cellular matrix mechanical environment

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2009年第6期25卷 889-895页

作者： Yan Cai Kalkabay Gulnar Hongyi Zhang Jinfeng Cao Shixiong Xu Quan Long Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science Fudan University 200433 Shanghai China Brunel Institute for Bioengineering School of Engineering and Design Brunel UniversityUxbridge Middlesex UK

To investigate tumor-induced angiogenesis under the influence of the mechanical environments inside and outside the tumor, mathematical model of tumor angiogenesis was developed. In the model, extra-cellular matrix （ECM） was treated as a thin plane. The displacement of ECM is obtained from the force balance equation consisted of the ECs traction, the ECM visco-elastic forces and the exter- nal forces. Simulation results show that a layered capillary network is obtained with a well vascularized region at the periphery of the tumor. The present model can be used as a valid theoretical method in the basic researches in tumorinduced angiogenesis.

关键词： Tumor-induced angiogenesis . Mechanical environment . 2D mathematical model

e-Manufacturing:Characteristics,applications and potentials

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第11期18卷 1323-1328页

作者： Richard J.Bateman Advanced Manufacturing & Enterprise Engineering(AMEE) School of Engineering and DesignBrunel UniversityUxbridgeMiddlesex UB8 3PHUK

In this paper,an engineering oriented approach is proposed towards e-manufacturing and its *** characteristics and potential of e-manufacturing are presented with a number of application examples developed by the authors’ research *** advances in e-manufacturing and applications are also highlighted and critically *** paper concludes with a further discussion on the promises and impact of e-manufacturing technology and philosophy on modern manufacturing industry and the practices.

关键词： e-manufacturing e-design Global manufacturing Agile manufacturing Digital manufacturing

Development of Biomimetic Squid-Inspired Suckers

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2012年第4期9卷 484-493页

作者： Jinping Hou Edward Wright Richard H. C. Bonser George Jeronimidis Centre for Biomimetics School of Construction Management and Engineering University of Reading Reading RG6 6AY UK school of Engineering and Design Brunel University Uxbridge Middlesex UB8 3PH UK

Biomechanical properties of squid suckers were studied to provide inspiration for the development of sucker artefacts for a robotic octopus. Mechanical support of the rings found inside squid suckers was studied by bending tests. Tensile tests were carried out to study the maximum possible sucking force produced by squid suckers based on the strength of sucker stalks, normalized by the sucking areas. The squid suckers were also directly tested to obtain sucking forces by a special testing ar- rangement. Inspired by the squid suckers, three types of sucker artefacts were developed for the arm skin of an octopus inspired robot. The first sucker artefact made of knitted nylon sheet reinforced silicone rubber has the same shape as the squid suckers. Like real squid suckers, this type of artefact also has a stalk that is connected to the arm skin and a ring to give radial support. The second design is a straight cylindrical structure with uniform wall thickness made of silicone rubber. One end of the cylinder is directly connected to the arm skin and the other end is open. The final design of the sucker has a cylindrical base and a concave meniscus top. The meniscus was formed naturally using the surface tension of silicone gel, which leads to a higher level of the liquid around the edge of a container. The wall thickness decreases towards the tip of the sucker opening. Sucking forces of all three types of sucker artefacts were measured. Advantages and disadvantages of each sucker type were discussed. The final design of suckers has been implemented to the arm skin prototypes.

关键词： biomimetics squid sucker sucking force artificial sucker

Developing Skin Analogues for a Robotic Octopus

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2012年第3期9卷 385-390页

作者： Jinping Hou Richard H. C. Bonser George Jeronimidis Centre for Biomimetics School of Construction Management and Engineering University of Reading Reading RG6 6AY UK school of Engineering and Design Brunel University Uxbridge Middlesex UB8 3PH UK

In order to fabricate a biomimetic skin for an octopus inspired robot, a new process was developed based on mechanical properties measured from real octopus skin. Various knitted nylon textiles were tested and the one of 10-denier nylon was chosen as reinforcement. A combination of Ecoflex 0030 and 0010 silicone rubbers was used as matrix of the composite to obtain the right stiffness for the skin-analogue system. The open mould fabrication process developed allows air bubble to escape easily and the artificial skin produced was thin and waterproof. Material properties of the biomimetic skin were char- acterised using static tensile and instrumented scissors cutting tests. The Young＇s moduli of the artificial skin are 0.08 MPa and 0.13 MPa in the longitudinal and transverse directions, which are much lower than those of the octopus skin. The strength and fracture toughness of the artificial skin, on the other hand are higher than those of real octopus skins. Conically-shaped skin prototypes to be used to cover the robotic arm unit were manufactured and tested. The biomimetic skin prototype was stiff enough to maintain it conical shape when filled with water. The driving force for elongation was reduced significantly compared with previous prototypes.

关键词： biomimetic skin artefact octopus robot textile composite

Recent advances in arsenic trioxide encapsulated nanoparticles as drug delivery agents to solid cancers

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2017年第3期31卷 177-188页

作者： Anam Akhtar Scarlet Xiaoyan Wang Lucy Ghali Celia Bell Xuesong Wen Department of Natural Sciences School of Science and TechnologyMiddlesex UniversityLondon NW4 4BTUK

Since arsenic trioxide was first approved as the front line therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia 25 years ago,its anti-cancer properties for various malignancies have been under intense ***,the clinical successes of arsenic trioxide in treating hematological cancers have not been translated to solid *** is due to arsenic＇s rapid clearance by the body＇s immune system before reaching the tumor *** attempts have henceforth been made to increase its bioavailability toward solid cancers without increasing its dosage albeit without much *** review summarizes the past and current utilization of arsenic trioxide in the medical field with primary focus on the implementation of nanotechnology for arsenic trioxide delivery to solid cancer *** approaches that have been employed to increase arsenic＇s efficacy,specificity and bioavailability to solid cancer cells were evaluated and *** potential of combining different approaches or tailoring delivery vehicles to target specific types of solid cancers according to individual cancer characteristics and arsenic chemistry is proposed and discussed.

关键词： arsenic trioxide solid cancer nanotechnology drug delivery liposome

Applying Stack Bidirectional LSTM Model to Intrusion Detection

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第10期65卷 309-320页

作者： Ziyong Ran Desheng Zheng Yanling Lai Lulu Tian school of Computer Science Research Center for Cyber SecuritySouthwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China Brunel University London UxbridgeMiddlesexUB83PHUK

Nowadays,Internet has become an indispensable part of daily life and is used in many *** to the large amount of Internet traffic,computers are subject to various security threats,which may cause serious economic losses and even endanger national *** is hoped that an effective security method can systematically classify intrusion data in order to avoid leakage of important data or misuse of *** machine learning technology matures,deep learning is widely used in various *** deep learning with network security and intrusion detection is the current *** this paper,the problem of data classification in intrusion detection system is *** propose an intrusion detection model based on stack bidirectional long short-term memory(LSTM),introduce stack bidirectional LSTM into the field of intrusion detection and apply it to the intrusion *** order to determine the appropriate parameters and structure of stack bidirectional LSTM network,we have carried out experiments on various network structures and parameters and analyzed the experimental *** classic KDD Cup’1999 dataset was selected for experiments so that we can obtain convincing and comparable *** results derived from the KDD Cup’1999 dataset show that the network with three hidden layers containing 80 LSTM cells is superior to other algorithms in computational cost and detection performance due to stack bidirectional LSTM model’s ability to review time and correlate with connected records *** experiment shows the effectiveness of stack bidirectional LSTM network in intrusion detection.

关键词： Stack bidirectional LSTM KDD Cup’1999 intrusion detection systems machine learning recurrent neural network

Numerical simulation of blood flow and interstitial fluid pressure in solid tumor microcirculation based on tumor-induced angiogenesis

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2007年第5期23卷 477-483页

作者： Gaiping Zhao Jie Wu Shixiong Xu M. W. Collins Quan Long Carola S. Konig Yuping Jiang Jian Wang A. R. Padhani Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Brunel Institute for Bioengineering School of Engineering and Design Brunel University Uxbridge Middlesex UK Department of Neurology Huashan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai 200040 China Paul Strickland Scanner Centre Mount Vernon Hospital Rickmansworth Road Northwood Middlesex HA6 2RN UK

A coupled intravascular-transvascular-interstitial fluid flow model is developed to study the distributions of blood flow and interstitial fluid pressure in solid tumor microcirculation based on a tumor-induced microvascular network. This is generated from a 2D nine-point discrete mathematical model of tumor angiogenesis and contains two parent vessels. Blood flow through the microvascular network and interstitial fluid flow in tumor tissues are performed by the extended Poiseuille＇s law and Darcy＇s law, respectively, transvascular flow is described by Starling＇s law; effects of the vascular permeability and the interstitial hydraulic conductivity are also considered. The simulation results predict the heterogeneous blood supply, interstitial hypertension and low convection on the inside of the tumor, which are consistent with physiological observed facts. These results may provide beneficial information for anti-angiogenesis treatment of tumor and further clinical research.

关键词： Solid tumor pressure-Angiogenesis Blood flow - Interstitial Numerical simulation

A Two-Dimension Time-Domain Comparator for Low Power SAR ADCs

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第11期65卷 1519-1529页

作者： Liangbo Xie Sheng Li Yan Ren Zhengwen Huang school of Communications and Information Engineering Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing400065China Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Brunel UniversityUxbridgeMiddlesexUB83PHUK

This paper presents a two-dimension time-domain comparator suitable for low power successive-approximation register(SAR)analog-to-digital converters(ADCs).The proposed two-dimension time-domain comparator consists of a ring oscillator collapse-based comparator and a *** propagation delay of a voltage controlled ring oscillator depends on the ***,the comparator can automatically change the comparison time according to its input difference,which can adjust the power consumption of the comparator dynamically without any control *** a counter is utilized to count the cycle needed to finish a comparison when the input difference is ***,the proposed comparator can not only provide the polarity of the input,but also the amount information of the input,which helps to skip most of the SAR cycles when the initial input is ***,most energy can be saved when the initial input is *** proposed time-domain comparator is designed in 0.18μm CMOS *** results demonstrate that the comparator can not only save power consumption,but also give the design flexibility,and the current is only nA level when the supply voltage is 0.6 V.

关键词： Time-domain comparator two dimensions low power

Day-ahead allocation of operation reserve in composite power systems with large-scale centralized wind farms

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2016年第2期4卷 238-247页

作者： Jianxue WANG Ahmed Faheem ZOBAA Chengchen HUANG Chen CHEN school of Electrical Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China College of Engineering Design and Physical SciencesBrunel University LondonUxbridgeMiddlesex UB83PHUK

This paper focuses on the day-ahead allocation of operation reserve considering wind power prediction error and network transmission constraints in a composite power system.A two-level model that solves the allocation problem is *** upper model allocates operation reserve among subsystems from the economic point of *** the upper model,transmission constraints of tielines are formulated to represent limited reserve support from the neighboring system due to wind power *** lower model evaluates the system on the reserve schedule from the reliability point of *** the lower model,the reliability evaluation of composite power system is performed by using Monte Carlo simulation in a multi-area *** power prediction errors and tieline constraints are *** reserve requirements in the upper model are iteratively adjusted by the resulting reliability indices from the ***,the reserve allocation is gradually optimized until the system achieves the balance between reliability and economy.A modified two-area reliability test system (RTS) is analyzed to demonstrate the validity of the method.

关键词： Composite system reliability Reserve allocation Wind power fluctuation Operation reserve