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Low crude protein formulation with supplemental amino acids for its impacts on intestinal health and growth performance of growing-finishing pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1590-1606页

作者： Marcos Elias Duarte Wanpuech Parnsen Shihai Zhang Marvio L.T.Abreu Sung Woo Kim Department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA

Background Low crude protein(CP)formulations with supplemental amino acids(AA)are used to enhance intestinal health,reduce costs,minimize environmental impact,and maintain growth performance of ***,extensive reduction of dietary CP can compromise growth performance due to limited synthesis of non-essential AA and limited availability of bioactive compounds from protein supplements even when AA requirements are ***,implementing a low CP formulation can increase the net energy(NE)content in feeds causing excessive fat *** supplementation of functional AA,coupled with low CP formulation could further enhance intestinal health and glucose metabolism,improving nitrogen utilization,and growth *** experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of low CP formulations with supplemental AA on the intestinal health and growth performance of growing-finishing *** In Exp.1,90 pigs(19.7±1.1 kg,45 barrows and 45 gilts)were assigned to 3 treatments:CON(18.0%CP,supplementing Lys,Met,and Thr),LCP(16.0%CP,supplementing Lys,Met,Thr,Trp,and Val),and LCPT(16.1%CP,LCP+0.05%SID Trp).In Exp.2,72 pigs(34.2±4.2 kg BW)were assigned to 3 treatments:CON(17.7%CP,meeting the requirements of Lys,Met,Thr,and Trp);LCP(15.0%CP,meeting Lys,Thr,Trp,Met,Val,Ile,and Phe);and VLCP(12.8%CP,meeting Lys,Thr,Trp,Met,Val,Ile,Phe,His,and Leu).In Exp.3,72 pigs(54.1±5.9 kg BW)were assigned to 3 treatments and fed experimental diets for 3 phases(grower 2,finishing 1,and finishing 2).Treatments were CON(18.0%,13.8%,12.7%CP for 3 phases;meeting Lys,Met,Thr,and Trp);LCP(13.5%,11.4%,10.4%CP for 3 phases;meeting Lys,Thr,Trp,Met,Val,Ile,and Phe);and LCPG(14.1%,12.8%,11.1%CP for 3 phases;LCP+Glu to match SID Glu with CON).All diets had 2.6 Mcal/kg *** In Exp.1,overall,the growth performance did not differ among *** LCPT increased(P<0.05)Claudin-1 expression in the duodenum and *** LCP and LCPT increased(P<0.05)CAT-1,4F2hc,and B0AT exp

关键词： Amino acids Growing-finishing pigs Growth performance Intestinal health Low crude protein formulation Net energy

Risk-Informed Model-Free Safe Control of Linear Parameter-Varying Systems

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第9期11卷 1918-1932页

作者： Babak Esmaeili Hamidreza Modares Department of Mechanical Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48863 USA

This paper presents a risk-informed data-driven safe control design approach for a class of stochastic uncertain nonlinear discrete-time *** nonlinear system is modeled using linear parameter-varying(LPV)systems.A model-based probabilistic safe controller is first designed to guarantee probabilisticλ-contractivity(i.e.,stability and invariance)of the LPV system with respect to a given polyhedral safe *** obviate the requirement of knowing the LPV system model and to bypass identifying its open-loop model,its closed-loop data-based representation is provided in terms of state and scheduling data as well as a decision *** is shown that the variance of the closedloop system,as well as the probability of safety satisfaction,depends on the decision variable and the noise covariance.A minimum-variance direct data-driven gain-scheduling safe control design approach is presented next by designing the decision variable such that all possible closed-loop system realizations satisfy safety with the highest confidence *** minimum-variance approach is a control-oriented learning method since it minimizes the variance of the state of the closed-loop system with respect to the safe set,and thus minimizes the risk of safety *** the certainty-equivalent approach that results in a risk-neutral control design,the minimum-variance method leads to a risk-averse control *** is shown that the presented direct risk-averse learning approach requires weaker data richness conditions than existing indirect learning methods based on system identification and can lead to a lower risk of safety *** simulation examples along with an experimental validation on an autonomous vehicle are provided to show the effectiveness of the presented approach.

关键词： Data-driven control linear parameter-varying systems probabilistic control safe control

Nonuniform Dependence on the Initial Data for Solutions of Conservation Laws

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 489-500页

作者： John M.Holmes Barbara Lee Keyfitz Department of Mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA

In this paper,we study systems of conservation laws in one space *** prove that for classical solutions in Sobolev spaces H^(s),with s>3/2,the data-to-solution map is not uniformly *** results apply to all nonlinear s... 详细信息

关键词： Conservation laws Data-to-solution map Nonuniform dependence

Data-Driven Modeling of Partially Observed Biological Systems

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 739-754页

作者： Wei-Hung Su Ching-Shan Chou Dongbin Xiu Department of Mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43221USA

We present a numerical approach for modeling unknown dynamical systems using partially observed data,with a focus on biological systems with(relatively)complex dynamical *** an extension of the recently developed deep neural network(DNN)learning methods,our approach is particularly suitable for practical situations when(i)measurement data are available for only a subset of the state variables,and(ii)the system parameters cannot be observed or measured at *** demonstrate that,with a properly designed DNN structure with memory terms,effective DNN models can be learned from such partially observed data containing hidden *** learned DNN model serves as an accurate predictive tool for system *** a few representative biological problems,we demonstrate that such DNN models can capture qualitative dynamical behavior changes in the system,such as bifurcations,even when the parameters controlling such behavior changes are completely unknown throughout not only the model learning process but also the system prediction *** learned DNN model effectively creates a“closed”model involving only the observables when such a closed-form model does not exist mathematically.

关键词： Deep neural network(DNN) Governing equation discovery Biological system Partial observation

A call for enhanced data-driven insights into wind energy flow physics

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2024年第1期14卷 6-10页

作者： Coleman Moss Romit Maulik Giacomo Valerio Iungo Wind Fluids and Experiments(WindFluX)Laboratory Mechanical Engineering DepartmentThe University of Texas at DallasRichardson 75080USA College of Information Sciences and Technology The Pennsylvania State UniversityState College 16801USA

With the increased availability of experimental measurements aiming at probing wind resources and wind turbine operations,machine learning(ML)models are poised to advance our understanding of the physics underpinning the interaction between the atmospheric boundary layer and wind turbine arrays,the generated wakes and their interactions,and wind energy ***,the majority of the existing ML models for predicting wind turbine wakes merely recreate Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulated data with analogous accuracy but reduced computational costs,thus providing surrogate models rather than enhanced data-enabled physics *** ML-based surrogate models are useful to overcome current limitations associated with the high computational costs of CFD models,using ML to unveil processes from experimental data or enhance modeling capabilities is deemed a potential research direction to *** this letter,we discuss recent achievements in the realm of ML modeling of wind turbine wakes and operations,along with new promising research strategies.

关键词： Machine learning Wake Wind turbine Wind farm Supervisory control and data acquisition

Poly(A)-specific RNase(PARN)generates and regulates miR-125a-5p 3’-isoforms,displaying an altered expression in breast cancer

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1805-1807页

作者： Luisa Tomasello Shoshanah M.Holub Giovanni Nigita Rosario Distefano Carlo M.Croce Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Internal Medicine Division of HematologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

Dear Editor,MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are small non-coding RNAs crucial for post-transcriptional gene regulation,processed from primary miRNA transcripts by Drosha and Dicer.1 Latest advancements in Next Generation Sequencing highlighted the existence of miRNA isoforms(isomiRs)resulting from alternative processing,RNA editing,or post-transcriptional modifications.

关键词： breast cancer advancement

Sustainable land management in Mali

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第3期5卷 382-391页

作者： Karim Nchare Marcel Vitouley Richard Mbih Vanderbilt university USA African School of Economics Benin Pennsylvania state university USA

This study uses logistic and Poisson regression models to examine the factors influencing the adoption of sustain-able land management(SLM)practices in Mali using two rounds of the nationally representative survey Enquête Agricole de Conjoncture Intégrée aux Conditions de Vie des Mé*** SLMs considered include the applica-tion of organic fertilizers,the application of inorganic fertilizers,the use of improved seeds,and the practice of *** average the application of organic fertilizers(39.2%),and inorganic fertilizers(28.7%)are the most frequent SLM practices among Malian farmers,and between 2014 and 2017,we observe a decline in the practice of *** regression results show that farmers’adoption of different SLMs is significantly associated with biophysical factors(average temperature,climate type,plot size,plot shape,and location),de-mographic factors(age,gender,education,household size),and socioeconomic factors(number of cultivated plots,livelihood diversification,type of crop grown,market access,credit access,economic shocks,and social capital).Our findings suggest that policymakers and agricultural development agencies in Mali need to adopt a multidimensional policy framework to unlock the untapped potential of SLM practices in promoting sustainable agriculture and food security.

关键词： Sustainable land management Africa Logistic regression models Poisson regression model

Metabolomic evidence of independent biotransformation pathways for terpenes in two specialist mammalian herbivores (genus Neotoma)

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 143-155页

作者： Katharina SCHRAMM Michele SKOPEC Denise DEARING Department of Biology University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA Department of Zoology Weber State UniversityOgdenUtahUSA

Herbivory is common in mammals,yet our understanding of detoxification processes used by mammals to biotrans-form plant secondary compounds(PSCs)is *** herbivores are thought to have evolved detoxifica-tion mechanisms that rely more heavily on energetically cheap Phase I biotransformation reactions to process high levels of PSCs in their *** explored this hypothesis by comparing the urinary metabolite patterns of two spe-cialist herbivores(genus Neotoma).Neotoma stephensi is an obligate specialist on one-seeded juniper(Juniperus monosperma).Neotoma lepida is a generalist forager across its range,yet populations in the Great Basin specialize on Utah juniper(***).While both juniper species have high levels of terpenes,the terpene profiles and quantities differ between the *** from both woodrat species were fed diets of each juniper in a cross-over ***,collected over a 24-h period,was extracted and analyzed in an untargeted metabolomics approach using both GC-MS and HPLC-MS/*** obligate specialist *** excreted a unique pattern of Phase I metabolites when fed its native juniper,while *** excreted a unique pattern of Phase II metabolites when fed its native *** woodrat species utilized the Phase II metabolic pathway of glucuronidation more heavily when consuming the more chemically diverse ***,and *** utilized less glucuronida-tion than *** when consuming *** results are consistent with the hypothesis that obligate specialists may have evolved unique and efficient biotransformation mechanisms for dealing with PSCs in their diet.

关键词： dietary specialization herbivory juniper metabolomics Neotoma

Soleus arthrogenic muscle inhibition following acute lateral ankle sprain correlates with symptoms and ankle disability but not with postural control

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 559-568,F0003页

作者： Kyung-Min Kim Joo-Sung Kim Alan R.Needle Department of Sport Science Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon-si 16419Republic of Korea Department of Health and Human Performance Texas State UniversitySan MarcosTX 78666USA Department of Public Health&Exercise Science Appalachian State UniversityBooneNC 28608USA Department of Rehabilitation Science Appalachian State UniversityBooneNC 28608USA

Background:Acute lateral ankle sprains(ALAS)are associated with long-term impairments and instability tied to altered neural *** muscle inhibition(AMI)has been observed in this population;however,relationships with injury-related impairments are unclear,potentially due to the resting,prone position in which AMI is typically *** AMI during bipedal stance may provide a better understanding of this ***:AMI was assessed in 38 young adults(19 ALAS within 72 h of injury:10 males,21.4±2.7 years;19 healthy controls:10 males,21.9±2.2 years;mean±SD)using the Hoffmann reflex(H-reflex)during bipedal *** stimulation was administered to identify the _(max)imal H-reflex(H_(max))and _(max)imal motor response(M_(max))from the soleus,fibularis longus,and tibialis anterior *** primary outcome measure was the H_(max)/M_(max) *** outcomes included acute symptoms(pain and swelling),postural control during bipedal stance,and self-reported ***:No significant group-by-limb interactions were observed for any ***,a significant group main effect was observed in the soleus muscle(F(1,35)=6.82,p=0.013),indicating significantly lower H_(max)/M_(max) ratios following ALAS(0.38±0.20)compared to healthy controls(0.53±0.16).Furthermore,lower H_(max)/M_(max) ratios in the soleus significantly correlated with acute symptoms and self-reported function but not with postural ***:This study supports previous evidence of AMI in patients with ALAS,providing insight into neurophysiologic impacts of musculoskeletal *** results suggest that assessing AMI in a standing position following acute injury may provide valuable insight into how AMI develops and guide potential therapeutic options to curb and offset the formation of joint instability.

关键词： Acute injuries Balance Hoffmann reflex Neural excitability Patient-reported outcomes