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An Autopsy and Histopathology-based Study to Ascertain the Cause of Death of Brought Dead Cases

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 28-33页

作者： Chandan Bandyopadhyay Prabir Chandra Paul Prabhas Chandra Chakraborty Department of Forensic and State Medicine Medical CollegeKolkataWest BengalIndia Department of Pathology Jagannath Gupta Institute of Medical Science and HospitalKolkataWest BengalIndia Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology NRS Medical College and HospitalKolkataand M.G.M Medical College and L S.K HospitalKishanganjBiharIndia

Background and Objectives:The cases of apparent natural deaths are encountered in the hospital casualties who are noted dead at the time of the first medical attention and as such are labeled as“Brought Dead.”These include the cases of sudden death,unexplained death,and unattended *** cause of such deaths is reported in the literature to emanate principally from the cardiovascular system,though there are some documented geographical,racial,and other *** the present study,we endeavored to detect the cause of such natural deaths in terms of the disease and the organ system involved,in the deceased individuals of the contemporary Bengali population,with cases due to obvious unnatural causes being *** and Methods:An observational,cross-sectional study with 105(n=105,male:89,female:16)study subjects of age group of 20-80 years,selected by systemic random sampling,from the brought dead subjects coming to the mortuary of the NRS Medical College and Hospital for medicolegal autopsy from April 2011 to March 2012,excluding cases having a history of the obvious unnatural *** system-wise gross examination was done,followed by tissue sampling for histopathological *** case-wise findings were tabulated and analyzed for descriptive statistics using SPSS ***:In the present study,89 cases were male(84.8%)and 16 cases were female(15.2%),which reflects a male:female ratio of 5.56:*** dead bodies are mostly recovered from the footpaths(47 cases,44%).Sixty-four(61%)cases are of known *** 54 cases out of 105(51.4%),morbid pathology is detected in the respiratory system(RS),lobar pneumonia,and cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis being the most frequent disease entity,in both ***-one years-sixty-five years is found to be the most commonly affected age group,in both *** and Conclusions:The present study shows that the most common organ system involved in brought dead cases is the RS,which is s

关键词： Autopsy brought dead cause of death histopathology

Spinal Motion Segments-Ⅱ:Tuning and Optimisation for Biofidelic Performance

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第4期17卷 757-766页

作者： Constantinos Franceskides Emily Arnold Ian Horsfall Gianluca Tozzi Michael CGibson Peter Zioupos Musculoskeletal and medicolegal Research Group Cranfield Forensic InstituteCranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK Centre for Defence Engineering Cranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK School of Engineering University of PortsmouthPortsmouthPO13DJUK Centre for Simulation&Analytics Cranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK

Most commercially available spine analogues are not intended for biomechanical testing,and the few that are suitable for using in conjunction with implants and devices to allow a hands-on practice on operative procedures are very expensive and still none of these offers patient-specific analogues that can be accessed within reasonable time and price ***-made spine analogues would also avoid the ethical restrictions surrounding the use of biological specimens and complications arising from their inherent biological *** we sought to improve the biofidelity and accuracy of a patient-specific motion segment analogue that we presented *** models were made by acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS)in 3D printing of porcine spine segments(T12-L5)from microCT scan data,and were tested in axial loading at 0.6 ***-1(strain rate range 6×10^-4 s^-1-10×10^-4 s^-1).In this paper we have sought to improve the biofidelity of these analogue models by concentrating in improving the two most critical aspects of the mechanical behaviour:the material used for the intervertebral disc and the influence of the facet *** deformations were followed by use of Digital Image Correlation(DIC)and consequently different scanning resolutions and data acquisition techniques were also explored and compared to determine their *** found that the selection of an appropriate intervertebral disc simulant(PT Flex 85)achieved a realistic force/displacement response and also that the facet joints play a key role in achieving a biofidelic behaviour for the entire motion *** have therefore overall confirmed the feasibility of producing,by rapid and inexpensive 3D-printing methods,high-quality patient-specific spine analogue models suitable for biomechanical testing and practice.

关键词： spine bone analogue micro-CT 3D printing Digital Image Correlation(DIC)

Spinal Motion Segments-Ⅰ:Concept for a Subject-specific Analogue Model

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第4期17卷 747-756页

作者： Constantinos Franceskides Emily Arnold Ian Horsfall Gianluca Tozzi Michael CGibson Peter Zioupos Musculoskeletal and medicolegal Research Group Cranfield Forensic InstituteCranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK Impact and Armour Group Centre for Defence EngineeringCranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK School of Engineering University of PortsmouthPortsmouthPO13DJUK Centre for Simulation&Analytics Cranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK

Most commercial spine analogues are not intended for biomechanical testing,and those developed for this purpose are expensive and yet still fail to replicate the mechanical performance of biological ***-specific analogues that address these limitations and avoid the ethical restrictions surrounding the use of human cadavers are therefore *** present a method for the production and characterisation of biofidelic,patient-specific,Spine Motion Segment(SMS=2 vertebrae and the disk in between)analogues that allow for the biological variability encountered when dealing with real *** spine segments(L1-LA)were scanned by computed tomography,and 3D models were printed in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS).Four biological specimens and four ABS motion segments were tested,three of which were further segmented into two Vertebral Bodies(VBs)with their intervertebral disc(IVD).All segments were loaded axially at 0.6 mm·min-1(strain-rate range 6×10-4 s-1-10×10-4 s-1).The artificial VBs behaved like biological segments within the elastic region,but the best two-part artificial IVD were^15%less stiffthan the biological ***-speed images recorded during compressive loading allowed full-field strains to be *** compression of the spine motion segments,IVDs experienced higher strains than VBs as *** method allows the rapid,inexpensive and reliable production of patient-specific 3D-printed analogues,which morphologically resemble the real ones,and whose mechanical behaviour is comparable to real biological spine motion segments and this is their biggest asset.

关键词： spine bone analogue micro-CT 3D printing Digital Image Correlation(DIC)

Body Fluid Identification by Messenger RNA Profiling in Sexual Assault

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2022年第3期8卷 118-122页

作者： Chong Wang Hemiao Zhao Qingzhen Meng Hui Sun Xiulan Xu Wanshui Li Division of Forensic Genetics Key Laboratory of Forensic GeneticsInstitute of Forensic ScienceMinistry of Public SecurityBeijingChina

Body fluid identification through messenger RNA(mRNA)has been proposed as a useful supplement to presumptive and confirmatory tests by previous laboratory studies;however,its application in routine clinical forensic examination was *** report a case of sexual assault in which body fluid identification by mRNA profiling was *** secretions mRNA markers(MUC4,HBD1,and CYP2B7P1)were used to test the sample,being obtained positive *** case demonstrates that mRNA profiling of body fluids could be applied to routine case examinations as an aid,acting as a scientific collaborative evidence to strengthen the medicolegal opinion.

关键词： Body fluid identification messenger RNA profiling sexual assault

Fatal meningococcal meningitis in a 2-year-old child:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第5期7卷 636-641页

作者： Aleksander Mularski Czesław Żaba Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine Poznan University of Medical Sciences institute of Forensic Research

BACKGROUND In fatal cases of meningococcal septicemia, bacteriological diagnosis may not be straightforward due to postmortem replication and relocation of endogenic microflora. In medicolegal practice, aside from routine autopsy and histopathology, also other diagnostic methods, such as microbiological tests,immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction(PCR), are used to examine body fluids and *** SUMMARY We present the case of sudden death in a 2-year-old child. The patient died approximately 30 min after hospital admission before any routine diagnostic procedures were undertaken. Presence of whole-body rash and fulminant course of the disease raised suspicion of meningococcal septicemia. An autopsy was performed seven days after death when the body showed the signs of late postmortem decomposition. No etiological factor of septicemia could be identified based on macro-and microscopic findings. However, PCR demonstrated the presence of genetic material of group W Neisseria meningitidis in patient's cerebrospinal fluid and *** Microbiological PCR should be conducted postmortem whenever a specific etiological factor could not be identified with conventional methods.

关键词： Meningococcal infection Molecular microbiology Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome Neisseria meningitidis Autopsy Cerebrospinal fluid Case report

Objective frequency-specific hearing thresholds definition for medicolegal purposes in case of occupational NIHL: ASSR outperforms CERA

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Journal of Otology 2021年第4期16卷 210-219页

作者： P.H.DeJonckere B.Millet R.Van Gool A.Martens J.Lebacq Federal Agency for Occupational Risks BrusselsBelgium institute of Neurosciences University of LouvainBrusselsBelgium

Audiological use of the 40 Hz-ASSR (auditory steady state responses) could be valuable for objectivelyestimating the frequency-specific threshold in adults undergoing an expertise examination for medicolegal and/or compensation purposes. The present prospective study was set up to clarify the relationship between the thresholds obtained by cortical evoked response audiometry (CERA) and by 40 HzASSR, in the same ears, within a large homogeneous sample of 164 subjects (328 ears) with NIHL andwell documented exposure to noise. All these subjects claimed financial compensation for occupationalNIHL, and there was a suspicion of exaggeration of the reported NIHLs. ASSR thresholds show a goodcorrelation with the CERA thresholds. However, a systematic shift is noticed, ASSR thresholds being onaverage (1e2 e 3 kHz) 4.38 dB lower (i.e. showing less hearing loss) than CERA thresholds. Moreover, thebinaural multiple ASSR technique allows a considerable time gain when compared to the CERA.

关键词： Objective audiometry CERA ASSR NIHL medicolegal

An overview of forensic operations performed following the terrorist attacks on November 13,2015,in Paris

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Forensic Sciences Research 2020年第3期5卷 202-207页

作者： Antoine Tracqui Celine Deguette Tania Delabarde Yann Delannoy Isabelle Plu Isabelle Sec Lilia Hamza Marc Taccoen Bertrand Ludes Medico-Legal institute of Besancon Saint-Jacques HospitalBesanconFrance Medico-Legal institute of Paris ParisFrance Forensic Medical Emergency Service Hotel-Dieu HospitalParisFrance Universite de Paris BABELCNRSParisFrance Medico-Legal institute of Lille LilleFrance Sorbonne University ParisFrance Service d’Accueil des Urgences Hopital AvicenneBobignyFrance

On the evening of November 13,2015,the city of Paris and its surroundings was hit by a series of attacks committed by terrorist groups,using firearms and *** final toll was 140 people deceased(130 victims and 10 terrorists or their relatives)and more than 413 injured,making these attacks the worst mass killings ever recorded in Paris in *** article presents the forensic operations carried out at the medicolegal institute of Paris(MLIP)following these attacks.A total of 68 autopsies of bodies or body fragments and 83 external examinations were performed within 7 days,and the overall forensic operations(including formal identification of the latest victims)were completed 10 days after the *** this period,156 body presentations(some bodies were presented several times)were provided to families or *** the 130 civilian casualties,129 died from firearm wounds and one died from blast injuries after an *** the 10 terrorists or their relatives who were killed,eight died from suicide bombing,one was shot by police and one died from crush injuries due to partial collapse of a building following the police raid against a terrorist’s hideout after the *** mass shootings were perpetrated with AK-47 or Zastava M70 assault rifles using 7.62mm39mm *** the case of ballistic injuries,death was most often obviously caused by craniocerebral injuries,extensive organ lacerations and/or massive *** the terrorists killed by bombing,the lesion patterns were body transection,multiple amputations,extreme organ lacerations and the presence of foreign bodies owing to the shrapnel load(steel nuts,glass fragments)or the explosive charge fastening system of the *** discussion highlights the particular difficulties of interpretation encountered within the framework of ballistic injuries,a conclusion that should lead to a modest and realistic approach in these exceptional situations where forensic operat

关键词： Forensic sciences terrorist attacks Paris forensic identification firearms explosives

Postmortem MSCT Diagnosis of Whiplash Injuries in a Traffic Accident：A Case Report and Review of the Literature

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法医学杂志 2014年第2期30卷 148-150页

作者： CHEN Min HUANG Ping WAN Lei ZHANG Jian -hua LIU Ning -guo ZOU Dong -hua LI Zheng-dong SHAO Yu QIN Zhi-qiang CHEN Yi-jiu Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine Institute of Forensic Science Ministry of Justice

A 45-year-old male car driver died in a traffic accident of four cars rear-end collision on the *** was found to have died after a respiratory and cardiac arrest at the *** sign of skin injuries was observed from the external *** autopsy was not permitted by the family members because of the local *** computed tomography(MSCT)was applied to the current case,showing dislocation of C3~4cervical vertebrae withⅡdegree,C4vertebral plate fractures,and spinal ***-mortem MSCT confirmed the diagnosis as whiplash *** was verified to be effective in showing the severity of whiplash injuries,thus providing certain objective evidence for medicolegal expertise.

关键词： forensic pathology accidents, traffic whiplash injuries multislice computed tomography

Portugal's first major forensic case and the genesis of forensic toxicology:10 years of research to reconstruct the event

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Forensic Sciences Research 2019年第1期4卷 69-81页

作者： Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira Department of Sciences IINFACTS–Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity Institute of Health Sciences(IUCS)CESPUCRLGandraPortugal UCIBIO-REQUIMTE Laboratory of ToxicologyDepartment of Biological SciencesFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical EducationFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal

The"Crime of Flores Street"is one of the most famous cases of poisoning to divide public opinion in Portugal in the late 19th century, and it also demonstrated the weaknesses of the Portuguese medicolegal system and attested to the importance of toxicological analysis. Vicente Urbino de Freitas was a prominent doctor, graduating from the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Coimbra in 1875. He later became Professor of Physiology at the Porto Medical-Surgical School and author of a number of books on leprosy. In 1877, he married Maria das Dores Basto Sampaio Freitas, and this was followed by the death of a number of her close relatives in suspicious circumstances, notably her brother José António Sampaio Junior and nephew Mário Guilherme Augusto de Sampaio. This review aims to retell the story of Portugal's first significant medicolegal case as well as the accompanying judicial drama that gave birth to Forensic Toxicology in Portugal and prompted the medicolegal organization that exists today. This research was carried out over a 10-year period and repre-sents undeniable historical value given the rarity of the facts compiled. At the heart of this forensic case was the use of toxicological analyses in court for which the Chemist Antònio Joaquim Ferreira da Silva played a key role. This toxicological report revealed high concen-trations of morphine, delphinine and narceine in viscera and in Mario's urine. The Mario's cause of death was attributed to poisoning by opium alkaloids. Despite the strong judicial evidence, doubts still remains as to whether Vicente Urbino de Freitas was a"monster"or a victim of circumstances and a hapless martyr.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic toxicology Vicente Urbino de Freitas António Joaquim Ferreira da Silva Medical-Surgical School Mário Guilherme Augusto de Sampaio