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Peripheral immune cell-derived matrix metalloprotease 8(MMP8):brain trafficking promotes depression-like behavior

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第6期9卷 2357-2358页

作者： Dietmar Spengler Theo Rein max planck institute of Psychiatry Epigenomics of Early-Life Stress80804 MunichGermany max planck institute of Psychiatry Molecular Pathways of Depression80804 MunichGermany

In a study recently published in Nature,Cathomas et al.1 report that social stress in mice increases the levels of matrix metalloprotease(MMP)8 in circulating immune cells,thereby altering extracellular space(ECS)and neuronal activity,and ultimately social behavior in susceptible *** deficits resembled those from major depressive disorder(MDD)raising the prospect of MMP8 as a new druggable target in tailored treatments.

关键词： MMP8 al. behavior

Is the speed of adjusting to environmental change condition dependent?An experiment with house mice(Mus musculus)

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Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 350-360页

作者： Karem Lopez-Hervas Neelam Porwal Mathilde Delacoux Alexandros Vezyrakis Anja Guenther RG Behavioural Ecology of Individual Differences Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology24306 PlönGermany Department of Evolutionary biology Faculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz UniversityWieniawskiego 161-712 PoznańPoland Department for Collective Behaviour Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour78464 ConstanceGermany Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour University of Konstanz78464 ConstanceGermany Animal Ecology Institute for Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of Potsdam14469 PotsdamGermany

Environmental conditions change constantly either by anthropogenic perturbation or naturally across space and ***,a change in behavior is the frst response to changing *** fexibility can potentially improve an organism’s chances to survive and ***,we lack an understanding on the time-scale such behavioral adjustments need,how they actually affect reproduction and survival and whether behavioral adjustments are suffcient in keeping up with changing *** used house mice(Mus musculus)to test whether personality and life-history traits can adjust to an experimentally induced food-switch fexibly in adulthood or by intergenerational plasticity,that is,adjustments only becoming visible in the offspring *** lived in 6 experimental populations of semi-natural environments either on high or standard quality food for 4 *** showed previously that high-quality food induced better conditions and a less risk-prone ***,we tested whether the speed and/or magnitude of adjustment shows condition-dependency and whether adjustments incur ftness ***-history but not personality traits reacted fexibly to a food-switch,primarily by a direct reduction of reproduction and sloweddown *** whose parents received a food-switch developed a more active stress-coping personality and gained weight at a slower rate compared with their respective ***,the modulation of most traits was condition-dependent,with animals previously fed with high-quality food showing stronger *** study highlights that life-history and personality traits adjust at different speed toward environmental change,thus,highlighting the importance of the environment and the mode of response for evolutionary models.

关键词： animal personality context dependence environmental change Match-mismatch non-genetic inheritance phenotypic flexibility phenotypic plasticity.

Peri-implant gas accumulation in response to magnesium-based musculoskeletal biomaterials:Reframing current evidence for preclinical research and clinical evaluation

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 59-71页

作者： Yu Sun Heike Helmholz Regine Willumeit-Römer institute of Metallic Biomaterials Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany

Historically,the rapid degradation and massive gas release from magnesium(Mg)implants resulted in severe emphysema and mechanical *** the advent of new alloys and surface treatment methods,optimized Mg implants have re-entered clinics since last decade with reliable ***,the optimization aims at slowing down the degradation process,rather than exemption of the gas *** study involved a systematic evaluation of current preclinical and clinical evidence,regarding the physical signs,symptoms,radiological features,pathological findings and complications potentially associated with peri±implant gas accumulation(PIGA)after musculoskeletal Mg *** literature search identified 196 potentially relevant publications,and 51 papers were enrolled for further analysis,including 22 preclinical tests and 29 clinical studies published from 2005 to *** Mg-based materials have been evaluated in animal research,and the application of pure Mg and Mg alloys have been reported in clinical follow-ups involving multiple anatomical sites and musculoskeletal *** tissue and intraosseous PIGA are common in both animal tests and clinical follow-ups,and potentially associated with certain adverse *** examinations especially micro-CT and clinical CT scans provide valuable information for quantitative and longitudinal *** according to simulation tests involving Mg implantation and chemical processing,tissue fixation could lead to an increase in the volume of gas cavity,thus the results obtained from ex vivo imaging or histopathological evaluations should be interpreted with *** still lacks standardized procedures or consensus for both preclinical and clinical evaluation of ***,by providing focused insights into the topic,this evidence-based study will facilitate future animal tests and clinical evaluations,and support developing biocompatible Mg implants for the treatment of musculoskeletal

关键词： Magnesium implant Degradation Hydrogen Gas release Postoperative follow-up

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Plant gene co-expression defines the biosynthetic pathway of neuroactive alkaloids

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Molecular Plant 2024年第3期17卷 372-374页

作者： Fang Liu' Alisdair R.Fernie Youjun Zhang Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences100101 BeijingChina max planck institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Muhlenberg 114476 Potsdam-GolmGermany Center for Plant Systems biology and Biotechnology 4000 PlovdivBulgaria University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 BeijingChina

Transcriptomes comprise gene co-expression clustersor modules,showcasing distinct patterns of coordinated expression among groups of genes across independent biological samples(Serin et al.,2016).The"guilt-by-association"hypothesis suggests the functional importance of these clusters;for example,co-expressed genes associated with metabolism typically contain genes encoding several enzymes associated with the same pathways.

关键词： metabolism alkaloids

Opto-fluidically multiplexed assembly and micro-robotics

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 544-554页

作者： Elena Erben Weida Liao Antonio Minopoli Nicola Maghelli Eric Lauga Moritz Kreysing max planck institute of Molecular Cell biology and Genetics Dresden 01307Germany Center for Systems biology Dresden 01307Germany institute of Biological and Chemical Systems–Biological Information Processing.Karlsruhe institute of Technology(KIT) Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344Germany Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of CambridgeCambridge CB30WAUK

Techniques for high-definition micromanipulations,such as optical tweezers,hold substantial interest across a wide range of ***,their applicability remains constrained by material properties and laser *** while microfluidic manipulations have been suggested as an alternative,their inherent capabilities are limited and further hindered by practical challenges of implementation and *** we show that the iterative application of laser-induced,localized flow fields can be used for the relative positioning of multiple micro-particles,irrespectively of their material *** to the standing theoretical proposal,our method keeps particles mobile,and we show that their precision manipulation is non-linearly accelerated via the multiplexing of temperature stimuli below the heat diffusion *** resulting flow fields are topologically rich and mathematically *** represent unprecedented microfluidic control capabilities that are illustrated by the actuation of humanoid micro-robots with up to 30 degrees of freedom,whose motions are sufficiently well-defined to reliably communicate personal characteristics such as gender,happiness and *** results constitute high-definition micro-fluidic manipulations with transformative potential for assembly,micro-manufacturing,the life sciences,robotics and optohydraulically actuated micro-factories.

关键词： manipulation fluid assembly

Influence of symmetric and asymmetric rolling on texture evolution of work-hardened AA 5xxx aluminium alloy

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2024年

作者： Matja? Godec Stefan Zaefferer Jakob Kraner ?rtomir Donik Irena Paulin institute of Metals and Technology max-planck-Institut für Eisenforschung max-planck-Strasse 1 Impol 2000 d.d. Partizanska cesta 38

The textures and microstructures of hot- and cold-rolled sheets of an AA 5454 aluminium alloy were studied， with special attention paid to comparing the texture development for the symmetric and asymmetric cold rolling. Scanning electron microscopy with electron-backscatter diffraction was used to monitor the development of the microstructure in the differently deformed and additionally annealed samples. Details of the formations and transformations of individual texture components occurring during the rolling processes were observed and discussed. The average grain sizes， textures and mechanical properties were correlated and explained for the symmetric and asymmetric cold-rolled samples. The asymmetric rolling is beneficial in terms of deep drawability because it reduces the planar anisotropy of the annealed material due to the decrease of the Cube， Goss， Rotated Cube and η- fibre texture components and the same time strengthens X1- and X2-fibre texture components which are shear texture components and improve deep drawability. During the asymmetric cold rolling， the temperature increases due to friction， triggering recrystallisation processes and leading to larger grains. It was also confirmed that asymmetric cold rolling uses less rolling force and consequently less energy to produce a final material with better formability， particularly earing.

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Energy enhancement of laser-driven ions by radiation reaction and Breit-Wheeler pair production in the ultra-relativistic transparency regime

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 60-73页

作者： Shikha Bhadoria Mattias Marklund Christoph H.Keitel max-planck-Institut für Kernphysik HeidelbergGermany Department of Physics University of GothenburgGöteborgSweden

The impact of radiation reaction and Breit±Wheeler pair production on the acceleration of fully ionized carbon ions driven by an intense linearly polarized laser pulse has been investigated in the ultra-relativistic transparency *** initial expectations, the radiation reaction and pair production at ultra-high laser intensities are found to enhance the energy gained by the ions. The electrons lose most of their transverse momentum, and the additionally produced pair plasma of Breit±Wheeler electrons and positrons co-streams in the forward direction as opposed to the existing electrons streaming at an angle above zero degree. We discuss how these observations could be explained by the changes in the phase velocity of the Buneman instability, which is known to aid ion acceleration in the breakout afterburner regime, by tapping the free energy in the relative electron and ion streams. We present evidence that these non-classical effects can further improve the highest carbon ion energies in this transparency regime.

关键词： ion acceleration quantum electrodynamic effects

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Effect of low concentration electrolytes on the formation and corrosion resistance of PEO coatings on AM50 magnesium alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1386-1405页

作者： Peng Xie Carsten Blawert Maria Serdechnova Natalia Konchakova Tatsiana Shulha Ting Wu Mikhail L.Zheludkevich institute of Surface Science Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck Strasse 121502 GeesthachtGermany institute for Materials Science Faculty of EngineeringKiel UniversityKaiserstrasse 224143 KielGermany

In this paper,the formation process,morphology,and electrochemical performance of PEO coatings on AM50 magnesium alloy prepared in low concentration phosphate,aluminate,and phosphate-aluminate electrolytes were systematically *** results show that the coatings prepared from the phosphate electrolytes have a higher thickness and better corrosion resistance properties compared to the other *** coatings prepared from low concentration phosphate-aluminate mixed electrolytes have slightly thinner thickness,a similar coating structure and an order of magnitude lower value of electrochemical impedance compared with phosphate electrolyte *** Coatings prepared from low concentration aluminate electrolytes have the lowest thickness and the worst corrosion resistance properties which gets close to corrosion behavior of the bare AM50 under the same test *** application,coatings prepared from single low concentration phosphate electrolytes and low concentration phosphate-aluminate electrolytes have greater potential than single low concentration aluminate ***,reducing the electrolyte concentrations of coating forming ions too much has negative influence on the coating growth rate.

关键词： Plasma electrolytic oxidation Low concentration electrolytes Corrosion resistance AM50 magnesium alloy

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一颗自由进动的磁星

科学通报 2024年第25期69卷 3675-3677页

作者：高勇 Gregory Desvignes 邵立晶 max planck institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein institute) max planck institute for Radio Astronomy 北京大学科维理天文与天体物理研究所中国科学院国家天文台

磁星是一类具有强磁场和长自转周期的年轻中子星.这些天体极其致密,半径约为12 km,但质量却可达太阳的1～2倍.在已知的30颗磁星中,只有少数会偶尔产生射电辐射.磁星转动时,射电束像灯塔一样扫过天空,天文学家正是从这些规律的脉冲信号...

磁星是一类具有强磁场和长自转周期的年轻中子星.这些天体极其致密,半径约为12 km,但质量却可达太阳的1～2倍.在已知的30颗磁星中,只有少数会偶尔产生射电辐射.磁星转动时,射电束像灯塔一样扫过天空,天文学家正是从这些规律的脉冲信号中探索中子星的奥秘. 2018年末,磁星XTE J1810-197在经历了X射线爆发后再次产生射电辐射,结束了其长达十年的射电静默期.通过长时间、高频次的监测,我们在射电偏振信号中发现射电束相对于地球的倾角发生了显著变化,并且这种变化在几个月内逐渐消失[1].我们认为这种变化是由磁星的自由进动引起的,并提出了衰减的进动模型来解释这一观测现象.这一发现不仅帮助我们更深入地理解了磁星的内部结构和辐射几何,而且很可能排除了自由进动作为重复快速射电暴起源的理论模型.

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