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Importance of hydrogenotrophic, aceticlastic and methylotrophic methanogenesis for methane production in terrestrial, aquatic and other anoxic environments: A mini review

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Pedosphere 2020年第1期30卷 25-39页

作者： Ralf CONRAD max planck institute for Terrestrial Microbiology Karl-von-Frisch-Str.10Marburg 35043(Germany)

Microbial methanogenesis is a major source of the greenhouse gas methane(CH4).It is the final step in the anaerobic degradation of organic matter when inorganic electron acceptors such as nitrate,ferric iron,or sulfate have been *** of this degradation pathway is important for the creation of mechanistic models,prediction of future CH4 emission scenarios,and development of mitigation *** most anoxic environments,CH4 is produced from either acetate(aceticlastic methanogenesis)or hydrogen(H2)plus carbon dioxide(CO2)(hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis).Hydrogen can be replaced by other CO2-type methanogenesis,using formate,carbon monoxide(CO),or alcohols as *** ratio of these two pathways is tightly constrained by the stoichiometry of conversion *** the degradation of organic matter is complete(e.g.,degradation of straw in rice paddies),then fermentation eventually results in production of acetate and H2 at a ratio of>67%aceticlastic and<33%hydrogenotrophic ***,acetate production can be favored when heterotrophic or chemolithotrophic acetogenesis is enhanced,and H2 production can be favored when syntrophic acetate oxidation is *** typically occurs at low and elevated temperatures,***,temperature can strongly influence the methanogenic pathway,which may range from 100%aceticlastic methanogenesis at low temperatures to 100%hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis at high ***,if the degradation of organic matter is not complete(e.g.,degradation of soil organic matter),the stoichiometry of fermentation is not tightly constrained,resulting,for example,in the preferential production of H2,followed by hydrogenotrophic *** production of CH4 by either aceticlastic or hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis can also happen if one of the methanogenic substrates is not consumed by methanogens but is,instead,accumulated,volatilized,or utilized *** methano

关键词： electron acceptor fermentation methanogenic pathway organic matter degradation pH soil microbial community temperature Wood-Ljungdahl pathway

Spatial variance and assessment of nitrogen dioxide pollution in major cities of Pakistan along N5-Highway

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第5期28卷 4-14页

作者： Yasir Shabbir Muhammad Fahim Khokhar Reza Shaiganfar Thomas Wagner institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE) National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)Islamabad Pakistan Satellite Remote Sensing Group Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry

This paper discusses the findings of the first car max-DOAS（multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy） field campaign（300 km long） along the National Highway-05（N5-Highway） of Pakistan conducted on 13 and 14 November, 2012. The main objective of the field campaign was to assess the spatial distribution of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide（NO_2）columns and corresponding concentrations along the N5-Highway from Islamabad to *** identification of NO_2 revealed that the concentrations were higher within major cities along the highway. The highest NO_2 vertical column densities（NO_2VCDs） were found around two major cities of Rawalpindi and Lahore. This study also presents a comparison of NO_2 VCDs measured by the ozone monitoring instrument（OMI） and car max-DOAS observations. The comparison revealed similar spatial distribution of the NO_2 columns with both car max-DOAS and satellite observations, but the car max-DOAS observations show much more spatial details. maximum NO_2 VCD retrieved from car max-DOAS observations was up to an order of magnitude larger than the OMI observations in urban areas.

关键词： Car max-DOAS Satellite remote sensing Nitrogen dioxide N5-Highway Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standards

An Extended Chaboche's Viscoplastic Law at Finite Strains: Theoretical and Numerical Aspects

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2005年第2期21卷 145-147页

作者： R.C.Lin W.Brocks institute for Materials Research GKSS Research Centre Max-Planck-Street D-21502 Geesthacht GermanyInstitute for Materials Research GKSS Research Centre Max-Planck-Street D-21502 Geesthacht Germany

This paper presents a newly extended Chaboche’s viscoplastic law at finite strains, so that the classical Chaboche’s theories can be applied to the physical and numerical simulation of metals processing and behavior description of spatial metal structures. The extension is based on a new dissipation inequality at finite strains. The evolution equations are formulated in terms of the corotational rates of the logarithmic elastic strain and the strain-like internal variable conjugate to the back stress as well as the material time derivative of the accumulated plastic strain. The stress equation is expressed on the hyperelastic theory. Therefore, the possible inconsistency with elasticity, caused by the hypoelastic equations, is completely removed. A set of numerical examples with finite deformations are presented to prove the effectivities of the new model and numerical algorithms.

关键词： Viscoplastic law Dissipation inequality Finite strain

Computational biology approach to uncover hepatitis C virus helicase operation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第13期20卷 3401-3409页

作者： Holger Flechsig Department of Physical Chemistry Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society14195 BerlinGermany

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)helicase is a molecular motor that splits nucleic acid duplex structures during viral replication,therefore representing a promising target for antiviral ***,a detailed understanding of the mechanism by which it operates would facilitate the development of efficient drug-assisted therapies aiming to inhibit helicase *** extensive investigations performed in the past,a thorough understanding of the activity of this important protein was lacking since the underlying internal conformational motions could not be *** we review investigations that have been previously performed by us for HCV *** methods of structure-based computational modelling it became possible to follow entire operation cycles of this motor protein in structurally resolved simulations and uncover the mechanism by which it moves along the nucleic acid and accomplishes strand *** also discuss observations from that study in the light of recent experimental studies that confirm our findings.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Viral replication Helicase protein Adenosine-triphosphate-induced operation Conformational motions Nucleic acid unzipping Computational biology Coarse-grained modelling Elastic-network model

CWA Formalizations in Multi-Valued Logics

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2001年第3期16卷 263-269页

作者：吴尽昭 max-planck-Institut für Informatik Saarbrücken Germany

To enhance the expressive power and the declarative ability of a deductive database, various CWA (Closed World Assumption) formalizations including the naive CWA, the generalized CWA and the careful CWA are extended to multi-valued logics. The basic idea is to embed logic formulas into some polynomial ring. The extensions can be applied in a uniform manner to any finitely multi-valued logics. Therefore they are also of computational significance.

关键词： CWA formalization multi-valued logic polynomial form query evaluation

Mode structure symmetry breaking of reversed shear Alfvén eigenmodes and its impact on the generation of parallel velocity asymmetries in energetic particle distribution

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Plasma Science and Technology 2022年第2期24卷 17-27页

作者： Guo MENG Philipp LAUBER Xin WANG Zhixin LU max-planck-Institut fiir Plasmaphysik D-85748 GarchingGermany

In this work,the gyrokinetic eigenvalue code LIGKA,the drift-kinetic/MHD hybrid code HMGC and the gyrokinetic full-f code TRIMEG-GKX are employed to study the mode structure details of reversed shear Alfvén eigenmodes(RSAEs).Using the parameters from an ASDEXUpgrade plasma,a benchmark with the three different physical models for RSAE without and with energetic particles(EPs)is carried *** agreement has been found for the mode frequency and the growth *** structure symmetry breaking(MSSB)is observed when EPs are included,due to the EPs’non-perturbative *** is found that the MSSB properties are featured by a finite radial wave phase velocity,and the linear mode structure can be well described by an analytical complex Gaussian expressionФ(s)=e^(-σ(s-s_(0))^(2))with complex parametersσand s_(0),where s is the normalized radial *** mode structure is distorted in opposite manners when the EP drive shifted from one side of qminto the other side,and specifically,a non-zero average radial wave number with opposite signs is *** initial EP density profiles and the corresponding mode structures have been used as the input of HAGIS code to study the EP *** parallel velocity of EPs is generated in opposite directions,due to different values of the average radial wave number,corresponding to different initial EP density profiles with EP drive shifted away from the qmin.

关键词： reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode symmetry breaking energetic particles non-perturbative effects

A perspective on Gaussian processes for Earth observation

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National Science Review 2019年第4期6卷 616-618页

作者： Gustau Camps-Valls Dino Sejdinovic Jakob Runge Markus Reichstein Image Processing Laboratory University of Valencia Department of Statistics University of Oxford German Aerospace Center Institute of Data Science max planck institute for Biogeochemistry

INTRODUCTION Earth observation (EO) by airborne and satellite remote sensing and in situ observations plays a fundamental role in monitoring our planet. In the last decade, machine learning has attained outstanding results in the estimation of bio-geo-physical variables from the acquired images at local and global scales in a time-resolved manner. Gaussian processes (GPs)[1], as flexible

关键词： Earth Gaussian A perspective on Gaussian processes for Earth observation

Origination and evolution of orphan genes and de novo genes in the genome of Caenorhabditis elegans

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第4期62卷 579-593页

作者： Wenyu Zhang Yuanxiao Gao Manyuan Long Bairong Shen institutes for Systems Genetics West China Hospital Sichuan University Department of Ecology and Evolution the University of Chicago Department of Evolutionary Genetics Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology Department of Evolutionary Theory Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology Committee on Genetics the University of Chicago

Orphan genes that lack detectable homologues in other lineages could contribute to a variety of biological functions. However,their origination and function mechanisms remain largely unknown. Herein, through a comprehensive and systematic computational pipeline, we identified 893 orphan genes in the lineage of C. elegans, of which only a low fraction(0.9%) were derived from transposon elements. Six new protein-coding genes that de novo originated from non-coding DNA sequences in the genome of C. elegans were also identified. The authenticity and functionality of these orphan genes and de novo genes are supported by three lines of evidences, consisting of transcriptional data, and in silico proteomic data, and the fixation status data in wild populations. Orphan genes and de novo genes exhibited simple gene structures, such as, short in protein length, of fewer exons,and are frequently X-linked. RNA-seq data analysis showed these orphan genes are enriched with expression in embryo development and gonad, and their potential function in early development was further supported by gene ontology enrichment analysis results. Meanwhile, de novo genes were found to be with significant expression in gonad, and functional enrichment analysis of the co-expression genes of these de novo genes suggested they may be functionally involved in signaling transduction pathway and metabolism process. Our results presented the first systematic evidence on the evolution of orphan genes and de novo origin of genes in nematodes and their impacts on the functional and phenotypic evolution, and thus could shed new light on our appreciation of the importance of these new genes.

关键词： Caenorhabditis elegans,orphan genes de novo genes

Carbon Materials Advancing Microorganisms in Driving Soil Organic Carbon Regulation

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Research 2022年第2期2022卷 99-110页

作者： Chunyu Tang Fan Yang Markus Antonietti School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering Northeast Agricultural UniversiyHarbin150030China Joint Laboratory of Northeast Agricultural University and max planck institute of Colloids and Interfaces(NEAU-MPICI) Harbin 150030China max planck institute of Collids and Interfaes Department of Collid Chemistry 14476 PotsdamGermany

Carbon emission from soil is not only one of the major sources of greenhouse gases but also threatens biological diversity,agricultural productivity,and food *** and control of the soil carbon pool are political practices in many countries around the *** pool management in engineering sense is much bigger and beyond laws and monitoring,as it has to contain proactive elements to restore active c *** teaches us that soil microorganisms are crucial to manage the carbon content efctivelye Adding carbon materials to soil is thereby not directly sequestration,as interaction of appropriately designed materials with the soil microbiome can result in both:metabolization and thereby nonsustainable use of the added carbon,or-more favorably-a biological amplifcation of human efforts and sequestration of extra CO,by microbial *** review here potential approaches to govern soil arbon,with a special focus set on the emerging practice of adding manufactured carbon materials to control soil carbon and its biological ***,research on so called"biochar"is already relatively mature,while the role of artifidial humic substance(A-HS)in microbial carbon sequestration is still in the developing ***,it is shown that the preparation and application of A-HS are large biological levers,as they directly interact with the envir onment and community building of the biological soil *** believe that A HS can play a central role in stabilzing carbon pools in soil.

关键词： soil thereby geochemistry