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灰鹤在天山木扎提河湿地越冬及行为观察

生态与农村环境学报 2020年第5期36卷 573-579页

作者：李军伟马鸣孟凡娟 E I Ilyashenko V Yu Ilyashenko O V Belyalov A E Gavrilov S Kh Zaripova N Batbayar 曹垒中国科学院干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室/中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所新疆乌鲁木齐830011 中国科学院大学北京100049 中国科学院生态环境研究中心北京100085 Severtsov'Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS Moscow 119071Russia Kazakhstan Society for the Protection of Birds Almaty 480060Kazakhstan Institute of Zoology MES Almaty 480060Kazakhstan Wildlife Science and Conservation center of Mongolia Ulaanbaatar 14210Mongolia

于2017年10月—2019年5月,采用直接计数法、瞬时扫描取样法、卫星跟踪和最小凸多边形法(MCP),对新疆阿克苏地区拜城县木扎提河流域灰鹤(Grus grus)的种群特征、活动范围、行为时间分配和行为节律进行调查和分析。结果表明,2019年越冬灰... 详细信息

于2017年10月—2019年5月,采用直接计数法、瞬时扫描取样法、卫星跟踪和最小凸多边形法(MCP),对新疆阿克苏地区拜城县木扎提河流域灰鹤(Grus grus)的种群特征、活动范围、行为时间分配和行为节律进行调查和分析。结果表明,2019年越冬灰鹤种群数量超过4700只,较2016年增加1倍多,种群发展动态呈上升趋势。灰鹤主要以家庭群为主(63.90%),聚集群次之(28.62%),孤鹤最少(7.48%)。家庭群主要以2成鸟1幼鸟为主(占46.82%),聚集群以5~8只个体为主(占65.91%)。整个越冬期持续140~160 d,灰鹤越冬期活动距离为1058 km,活动区域相对固定,活动区域面积为125 km^2。日活动面积和活动距离随着气温的变化而变化,温度降低,日活动范围和活动距离降低;反之,则增加。因此,活动面积和活动距离呈凹形变化,即先增加(10—11月),再逐渐减少(12—1月),然后增加(2—3月)的变化趋势。取食和警戒是灰鹤的主要越冬行为。灰鹤的46.8%日间时间用于取食,17.8%的日间时间用于警戒,用于休息、走动、理羽和其他行为的日间时间分别占13.4%、11.4%、7.4%和3.2%。日取食高峰呈双凸型,出现在8:00—9:00和17:00—18:00,分别达到57.0%和58.5%。休息高峰出现在11:00—15:00,占24.6%,呈单峰型。研究区灰鹤种群面临着放牧、农耕、天敌、道路车辆、低温和人为驱赶等诸多威胁因素。

关键词：种群动态时间分配行为节律活动范围越冬行为灰鹤

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剖宫产手术麻醉并发症

世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2005年第11期1卷 59-59页

作者： Bloom S.L. Spong C.Y. Weiner S.J. 杨晓梅 Department of Obstetrics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Mines Boulevard Dallas TX 75390-9032 United States Dr.

Objective: To quantify anesthesia-related complications associated with cesarean delivery in a well-described, prospectively ascertained cohort from multiple university-based hospitals in the United States and to evaluate whether certain factors would identify women at increased risk for a failed regional anesthetic. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted of women (n = 37,142) with singleton gestations undergoing cesarean delivery in the centers forming the National Institute of child health and Human development maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. Detailed information was collected regarding choice of anesthesia and procedure-related complications, including failed regional anesthetic and maternal death. Potential risk factors for a failed regional anesthetic were analyzed. Results: Of the women studied, 34,615 (93% ) received a regional anesthetic. Few (3.0% ) regional procedures failed, and related maternal morbidity was rare. Increased maternal size, higher preoperative risk, rapid decision-to-incision interval, and placement later in labor were all significantly related to an increased risk of a failed regional procedure. Of the general anesthetics, 38% were administered when the decision-to-incision interval was less than 15 minutes. Women deemed at the greatest preoperative risk (American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≥ 4) were approximately 7-fold more likely to receive a general anesthetic (odds ratio 6.9, 95% confidence interval 5.83-8.07). There was one maternal death, due to a failed intubation, in which the anesthetic procedure was directly implicated. Conclusion: Regional techniques have become the preferred method of anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Procedure-related complications are rare and attest to the safety of modern obstetric anesthesia for cesarean delivery in the United States.

关键词：剖宫产手术麻醉并发症局部麻醉麻醉选择麻醉相首次妊娠前瞻性队列研究于术医疗网络潜在危险因素

Transcranial direct current stimulation in psychiatric disorders

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2015年第1期5卷 88-102页

作者： Gabriel Tortella Roberta Casati Luana V M Aparicio Antonio Mantovani Natasha Senco Giordano D’Urso Jerome Brunelin Fabiana Guarienti Priscila Mara Lorencini Selingardi Débora Muszkat Bernardo de Sampaio Pereira Junior Leandro Valiengo Adriano H Moffa Marcel Simis Lucas Borrione André R Brunoni Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27)Department and Institute of PsychiatryUniversity of Sao Paulo Interdisciplinary center for Applied Neuromodulation University HospitalUniversity of Sao Paulo Psychology Department Advanced School in NeuropsychologyUniversità degli Studi Milano Bicocca Department of Physiology Pharmacology and Neuroscience Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education City University of New York (CUNY) Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Project (PROTOC) Department and Institute of PsychiatryUniversity of Sao Paulo Unit of Psychiatry Department of Neurosciences Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences University of Naples Federico II Université de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon I Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier National Institute of developmental Psychiatry for children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq) Department of Psychiatry Department and Institute of PsychiatryUniversity of Sao Paulo Santa Casa de Sao Paulo Medical School Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics Hospital of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School

The interest in non-invasive brain stimulation techniques is increasing in recent years. Among these techniques, transcranial direct current stimulation(t DCS) has been the subject of great interest among researchers because of its easiness to use, low cost, benign profile of side effects and encouraging results of research in the field. This interest has generated several studies and randomized clinical trials, particularly in psychiatry. In this review, we provide a summary of the development of the technique and its mechanism of action as well as a review of the methodological aspects of randomized clinical trials in psychiatry, including studies in affective disorders, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, child psychiatry and substance use disorder. Finally,we provide an overview of t DCS use in cognitive enhancement as well as a discussion regarding its clinical use and regulatory and ethical issues. Although many promising results regarding t DCS efficacy were described, the total number of studies is still low, highlighting the need of further studies aiming to replicate these findings in larger samples as to provide a definite picture regarding t DCS efficacy in psychiatry.

关键词： Non-invasive brain stimulation Transcranial direct current stimulation Psychiatry disorders Review

比较Down综合征患儿与未发病同胞的喂养方式

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2005年第7期1卷 34-34页

作者： O'Neill K.L. Shults J. Stallings V.A. Stettler N. 冉海红 MSCE GI and Nutrition/1559 North Children's Hospital of Philadelphia 34th St.and Civic Center Boulevard Philadelphia PA 19104 United States Dr.

Objective: To compare parental feeding practices and evaluate their relationship to weight status among children with Down syndrome (DS) and their unaffected *** design: Cross-sectional study of sibling pairs, one child with DS (n = 36) and one child without DS (n = 36), between 3 and 10 years of *** completed the child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ), which assesses six aspects of control in feeding, separately for each ***’s height and weight were measured using standard research procedures for calculation of body mass index (BMI) and BMI Z scores (BMIZ).Results: Mean BMIZ was higher among children with DS than their siblings (1.1 ±0.9 vs 0.1 ±1.1; P children’s weight *** reported greater use of restriction, greater feelings of responsibility for feeding and concern about child weight status, and lower pressure to eat for children with DS than for their *** adjustment for BMIZ, differences remained significant only for concern (10.6 ±3.5 vs 6.4 ±3.4; P child overweight and concern were positively associated with BMIZ, whereas pressure was inversely associated with ***: Differences in child-feeding practices may play a role in the development of obesity in DS.

关键词：喂养方式 Down综合征喂养行为喂养情况上两组测量程序显著性差异负相关