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Amyloid-beta and tau protein beyond Alzheimer's disease

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1262-1276页

作者： Morteza Abyadeh Vivek Gupta Joao A.Paulo Arezoo Gohari Mahmoudabad Sina Shadfar Shahab Mirshahvaladi Veer Gupta Christine T.O.Nguyen David I.Finkelstein Yuyi You Paul A.Haynes Ghasem H.Salekdeh Stuart L.Graham Mehdi Mirzaei ProGene Technologies Pty Ltd. 2. Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences Macquarie Medical School Macquarie University Department of Cell Biology Harvard Medical School School of Medicine Deakin University Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences School of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences University of Melbourne The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health The University of Melbourne School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University

The aggregation of amyloid-beta peptide and tau protein dysregulation are implicated to play key roles in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis and are considered the main pathological hallmarks of this devastating disease. Physiologically, these two proteins are produced and expressed within the normal human body. However, under pathological conditions, abnormal expression, posttranslational modifications, conformational changes, and truncation can make these proteins prone to aggregation, triggering specific disease-related cascades. Recent studies have indicated associations between aberrant behavior of amyloid-beta and tau proteins and various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as retinal neurodegenerative diseases like Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. Additionally, these proteins have been linked to cardiovascular disease, cancer, traumatic brain injury, and diabetes, which are all leading causes of morbidity and mortality. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of the connections between amyloid-beta and tau proteins and a spectrum of disorders.

关键词： amyloid-beta cancer cardiovascular diseases diabetes neurodegeneration Tau traumatic brain injury

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Weighted estimates for generalised conical square functions and applications

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年

作者： The Anh BUI Xuan Thinh DUONG Ji LI Department of Mathematics Macquarie University

Let{At}t>0be a family of bounded linear operator on L2(X) where (X,d,μ) is a metric space with metric d and doubling measureμ.Assume that the family{At}t>0satisfies suitable offdiagonal estimates from Lp0to L2for some p00.Some applications such as weighted bounds for bilinear estimates associated to certain differential operators are also obtained.

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Visualizing traumatic brain injury:ocular clues for diagnosis and assessment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1399-1400页

作者： Morteza Abyadeh Vivek Gupta Yuyi You Joao A.Paulo Mehdi Mirzaei ProGene Technologies Pty Ltd SydneyNSWAustralia Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of MedicineHealth and Human SciencesMacquarie Medical SchoolMacquarie UniversityMacquarie ParkNorth RydeSydneyNSWAustralia Department of Cell Biology Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as damage to the brain resulting from an external sudden physical force or shock to the head.It is considered a silent public health epidemic causing significant death and disability globally.There were 64,000 TBI related deaths reported in the USA in 2020,with about US$76 billion in direct and indirect medical costs annually.

关键词： diagnosis ocular injury

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Targeting PKM2 signaling cascade with salvianic acid A normalizes tumor blood vessels to facilitate chemotherapeutic drug delivery

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第5期14卷 2077-2096页

作者： Cheng Qian Yueke Zhou Teng Zhang Guanglu Dong Mengyao Song Yu Tang Zhonghong Wei Suyun Yu Qiuhong Shen Wenxing Chen Jaesung P.Choi Juming Yan Chongjin Zhong Li Wan Jia Li Aiyun Wang Yin Lu Yang Zhao Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023China School of Medicine&Holistic Integrative Medicine Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023China Centre for Inflammation Faculty of ScienceCentenary InstituteSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneySydney NSW 2050Australia Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism Department of Pathogenic Biology and ImmunologyNational Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine EducationXuzhou Laboratory of Infection and ImmunityXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221004China Department of General Surgery Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210029China macquarie Medical School Faculty of MedicineHuman Health SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydney NSW 2109Australia

Aberrant tumor blood vessels are prone to propel the malignant progression of tumors,and targeting abnormal metabolism of tumor endothelial cells emerges as a promising option to achieve vascular normalization and antagonize tumor progression.Herein,we demonstrated that salvianic acid A(SAA)played a pivotal role in contributing to vascular normalization in the tumor-bearing mice,thereby improving delivery and effectiveness of the chemotherapeutic agent.SAA was capable of inhibiting glycolysis and strengthening endothelial junctions in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)exposed to hypoxia.Mechanistically,SAA was inclined to directly bind to the glycolytic enzyme PKM2,leading to a dramatic decrease in endothelial glycolysis.More importantly,SAA improved the endothelial integrity via activating theβ-Catenin/Claudin-5 signaling axis in a PKM2-dependent manner.Our findings suggest that SAA may serve as a potent agent for inducing tumor vascular normalization.

关键词： Salvianic acid A Tumor vascular normalization PKM2 β-Catenin Claudin-5 Endothelial glycolysis Tight junctions Doxorubicin

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Interface catalytic reduction of alumina by nickle for the aluminum nanowire growth: Dynamics observed by in situ TEM

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1225-1231页

作者： Zichun Wang Dan Wang Ang Li Lizhuo Wang Xiaodong Han Yijiao Jiang Jianfeng Chen Jun Huang Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Laboratory for Catalysis Engineering School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe University of SydneyNew South Wales 2006Australia Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100024China Department of Engineering Macquarie UniversitySydneyNew South Wales 2109Australia

Metal nanowires show promise in a broad range of applications and can be fabricated via a number of methods,such as vapor–liquid–solid process and template-based electrodeposition.However,the synthesis of Al nanowires(NWs)is still challenging from the stable alumina substrate.In this work,the Ni-catalyzed fabrication of Al NWs has been realized using various Al_(2)O_(3) substrates.The growth dynamics of Al NWs on Ni/Al_(2)O_(3) was studied using in situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The effect of alumina structures,compositions,and growth temperature were investigated.The growth of Al NWs correlates with the Na addition to the alumina support.Since no eutectic mixture of nickel aluminide was formed,a mechanism of Ni-catalyzed reduction of Al_(2)O_(3) for Al NWs growth has been proposed instead of the vapor–liquid–solid mechanism.The key insights reported here are not restricted to Ni-catalyzed Al NWs growth but can be extended to understanding the dynamic change and catalytic performance of Ni/Al_(2)O_(3) under working conditions.

关键词： in situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM) Al nanowires alumina reduction nanowire growth

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Melting of hydrous pyroxenites with alkali amphiboles in the continental mantle:2.Trace element compositions of melts and minerals

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第1期15卷 50-68页

作者： Stephen F.Foley Isra S.Ezad School of Natural Sciences Macquarie UniversityNorth RydeNew South Wales 2109Australia Research School of Earth Sciences Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2601Australia

The trace element compositions of melts and minerals from high-pressure experiments on hydrous pyroxenites containing K-richterite are presented. The experiments used mixtures of a third each of the natural minerals clinopyroxene, phlogopite and K-richterite, some with the addition of 5% of an accessory phase ilmenite, rutile or apatite. Although the major element compositions of melts resemble natural lamproites, the trace element contents of most trace elements from the three-mineral mixture are much lower than in lamproites. Apatite is required in the source to provide high abundances of the rare earth elements, and either rutile and/or ilmenite is required to provide the high field strength elements Ti, Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf. Phlogopite controls the high levels of Rb, Cs and Ba.Since abundances of trace elements in the various starting mixtures vary strongly because of the use of natural minerals, we calculated mineral/melt partition coefficients (DMin/melt) using mineral modes and melting reactions and present trace element patterns for different degrees of partial melting of hydrous pyroxenites. Rb, Cs and Ba are compatible in phlogopite and the partition coefficient ratio phlogopite/K-richterite is high for Ba (136) and Rb (12). All melts have low contents of most of the first row transition elements, particularly Ni and Cu ((0.1-0.01)×primitive mantle). Nickel has high DMin/melt for all the major minerals (12 for K-richterite, 9.2 for phlogopite and 5.6 for Cpx) and so behaves at least as compatibly as in melting of peridotites. Fluorine/chlorine ratios in melts are high and DMin/melt for fluorine decreases in the order apatite (2.2) > phlogopite (1.5) > K-richterite (0.87). The requirement for apatite and at least one Ti-oxide in the source of natural lamproites holds for mica pyroxenites that lack K-richterite. The results are used to model isotopic ageing in hydrous pyroxenite source rocks: phlogopite controls Sr isotopes, so that lamproites with relatively low 87Sr/86Sr must come from phlogopite-poor sour

关键词： Hydrous pyroxenite Lamproite Trace elements Phlogopite K-richterite Apatite

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Ecology and risks of the global plastisphere as a newly expanding microbial habitat

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The Innovation 2024年第1期5卷 49-58页

作者： Changchao Li Michael RGillings Chao Zhang Qinglin Chen Dong Zhu Jie Wang Kankan Zhao Qicheng Xu Polly Hangmei Leung Xiangdong Li Jian Liu Ling Jin Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong KongChina Environment Research Institute Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution City University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong KongChina ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology Faculty of Science and EngineeringMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2109Australia Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research StationInstitute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation College of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science College of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Department of Health Technology and Informatics and Research Institute for Future Food The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong KongChina Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China

Plastic offers a new niche for microorganisms,the plastisphere.The everincreasing emission of plastic waste makes it critical to understand the microbial ecology of the plastisphere and associated effects.Here,we present a global fingerprint of the plastisphere,analyzing samples collected from freshwater,seawater,and terrestrial ecosystems.The plastisphere assembles a distinct microbial community that has a clearly higher heterogeneity and a more deterministically dominated assembly compared to natural habitats.New coexistence patterns—loose and fragile networks with mostly specialist linkages among microorganisms that are rarely found in natural habitats—are seen in the plastisphere.Plastisphere microbiomes generally have a great potential to metabolize organic compounds,which could accelerate carbon turnover.Microorganisms involved in the nitrogen cycle are also altered in the plastisphere,especially in freshwater plastispheres,where a high abundance of denitrifiers may increase the release of nitrite(aquatic toxicant)and nitrous oxide(greenhouse gas).Enrichment of animal,plant,and human pathogens means that the plastisphere could become an increasingly mobile reservoir of harmful microorganisms.Our findings highlight that if the trajectory of plastic emissions is not reversed,the expanding plastisphere could pose critical planetary health challenges.

关键词： reservoir mostly habitat

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Rice-wheat comparative genomics:Gains and gaps

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The Crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 656-669页

作者： Akila Wijerathna-Yapa Ruchi Bishnoi Buddhini Ranawaka Manu Maya Magar Hafeez Ur Rehman Swati G.Bharad Michal T.Lorenc Vinita Ramtekey Sasha Gohar Charu Lata Md.Harun-Or-Rashid Maryam Razzaq Muhammad Sajjad Bhoja *** School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding College of AgricultureUmmedganj-KotaAgriculture UniversityKotaRajasthan 324001India Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy Queensland University of Technology(QUT)2 George StreetBrisbaneQLD 4000Australia UWA School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA 6009Australia Nepal Agriculture Research Council KhumaltarLalitpurNepal Department of Agronomy University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38040Pakistan Department of Agricultural Botany Dr Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi VidyapeethAkola 444104MaharashtraIndia ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science MauUttar Pradesh 275103India School of Natural Sciences Macquarie UniversityMacquarie ParkNSW 2109Australia ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research Flowrdale 54642ShimlaIndia International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT)Bangladesh Office Gulshan-2Dhaka 1212Bangladesh Center for Seed Science University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Department of Biosciences COMSATS University IslamabadPark RoadTarlai KalanIslamabad 45550Pakistan CGIAR’s Excellence in Breeding(EiB)Platform/Accelerated Breeding Initiative International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT)El Batán 56237Mexico

Rice and wheat provide nearly 40%of human calorie and protein requirements.They share a common ancestor and belong to the Poaceae(grass)family.Characterizing their genetic homology is crucial for developing new cultivars with enhanced traits.Several wheat genes and gene families have been characterized based on their rice orthologs.Rice–wheat orthology can identify genetic regions that regulate similar traits in both crops.Rice–wheat comparative genomics can identify candidate wheat genes in a genomic region identified by association or QTL mapping,deduce their putative functions and biochemical pathways,and develop molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding.A knowledge of gene homology facilitates the transfer between crops of genes or genomic regions associated with desirable traits by genetic engineering,gene editing,or wide crossing.

关键词： Comparative genomics Orthologs Genes Synteny Genetic engineering Molecular breeding

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Measuring the Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mortality:Review and Prospect--China,2021

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China CDC weekly 2022年第23期4卷 499-503页

作者： Jinlong Lin Guogui Huang Yue Wei Lijun Pei Institute of Population Research China Center on Population Health and DevelopmentPeking UniversityBeijingChina macquarie Business School Macquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia

Current progress in measuring the effect of the pandemic on mortality is limited.Few studies have comprehensively and systematically elucidated the mechanism through which the pandemic affects mortality and what indicators are valid to capture such an effect.This paper presents a comprehensive analysis regarding the multifaceted effects of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)on mortality and its measurements[i.e.,confirmed deaths per million people(CDPMP),case fatality rate(CFR),infection fatality risk(IFR),excess mortality P-score(EMPS),and life expectancy(LE)].It was revealed that both data collection efforts and measurements on mortality due to COVID-19 were far from perfect and discussed the importance of accurate,prompt,and accessible data by any government over the course of fighting against the COVID-19 pandemic.It is believed that the biggest challenge in measuring the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality lies not in the construction of indicators at the academic level,but in the collection of data at the practical level.Thus,it is suggested to take measures to better monitor the development of the pandemic and mitigate the increasing burdens borne by the public health systems by improving the tracking system of mortality,standardizing the diagnosis of COVID-19’s deaths,and disclosing mortality data.

关键词： diagnosis prompt fighting

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Retinal thickness and vascular parameters using optical coherence tomography in Alzheimer's disease:a meta-analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第11期18卷 2504-2513页

作者： Samran Sheriff Ting Shen Sandra Abdal Danit Saks Mehdi Mirzaei Veer Gupta Nitin Chitranshi Yuyi You Angela Schultz Stuart L.Graham Vivek Gupta macquarie Medical School Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia Save Sight Institute The University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia School of Medicine Deakin UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia

Examining the retinal tissue has the potential to provide a unique method and technique to quantify Alzheimer’s disease-related changes in participants at various stages of the disease.In this metaanalysis,we aimed to investigate the association of various optical coherence tomography parameters with Alzheimer’s disease and whether retinal measurements can be used to diffe rentiate between Alzheimer’s disease and control subjects.Scientific databases including Google Schola r,Web of Science,and PubMed were systematically searched for published articles that evaluated retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and retinal microvascular network in Alzheimer’s disease and control subjects.Seventy-three studies(5850 participants,including 2249 Alzheimer’s disease patients and 3601controls) were included in this meta-analysis.Relative to controls,Alzheimer’s disease patients had a significantly lower global retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(standardized mean difference [SMD]=-0.79,95% confidence intervals [CI]:-1.03 to-0.54,P <0.00001) as well as each quadrant being thinner in Alzheimer’s disease versus controls.Regarding macular paramete rs,values measured by optical coherence tomography were significantly lower in Alzheimer’s disease than controls for macular thickness(pooled SMD:-0.44,95% CI:-0.67 to-0.20,P=0.0003),foveal thickness(pooled SMD=-0.39,95% CI:-0.58 to-0.19,P <0.0001),ganglion cell inner plexiform layer(SMD=-1.26,95% CI:-2.24 to-0.27,P=0.01) and macular volume(pooled SMD=-0.41,95% CI-0.76 to-0.07,P=0.02).Analysis using optical coherence tomography angiography parameters revealed mixed results between Alzheimer’s disease and controls.Superficial vessel density(pooled SMD=-0.42,95% CI:-0.68 to-0.17,P=0.0001) and deep vessel density(pooled SMD=-0.46,95% CI:-0.75 to-0.18,P=0.001) were found to be thinner in Alzheimer’s disease patients whereas the foveal avascular zone(SMD=0.84,95% CI:0.17-1.51,P=0.01) was larger in controls.Vascular density and thickness of various retinal laye rs were decreased in Alzheimer’s

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease foveal avascular zone macular thickness optical coherence tomography optical coherence tomography angiography retina retinal nerve fiber layer vessel density

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