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Condition indices for rigid pavements: A comparative analysis of state DOTs using michigan PMS data

Journal of Road Engineering 2024年第3期4卷 348-360页

作者： Rahul Raj Singh Mumtahin Hasnat Muhammed Emin Kutay Syed Waqar Haider James Bryce Bora Cetin Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Wadsworth Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV 26506USA

Pavement infrastructure is vital in providing services and links between various sectors of society. Therefore, thepreservation and maintenance of these roads are critical to attaining a pavement network in good conditionthroughout its service life. Various performance indicators like the international roughness index (IRI), pavementcondition index (PCI), and present serviceability rating (PSR) have been used by the state department of transportation (DOT) and highway agencies for evaluating pavement surface conditions and planning future maintenance strategies. Limited data availability, multiple distresses depending on region, lack of correlation of thesecondition indices to maintenance strategies, and data collection limitations pose a challenge for applying theseindices to local conditions. This paper compares condition indices of different states for rigid pavements. Further,using a specific condition index for local conditions is also highlighted. For this purpose, five states and theircorresponding condition indices were evaluated and compared to the michigan DOT distress index (DI). Thesestates include Virginia, minnesota, North Dakota, Louisiana, and Oregon. The corresponding distresses of eachcondition index were converted to make them compatible with the MDOT DI. This study used the MDOT'spavement management system (PMS) database to evaluate each condition index for 433 rigid pavement *** distress index was plotted against MDOT DI and compared using a paired t-test. Results show that thecondition indices of Virginia and minnesota are comparable to DI in terms of the Spearman correlation value. Thet-test results show that except for Virgina, condition indices from other states statistically differ from ***, one can't use those directly for local conditions in michigan. This paper presents the evaluation anddata requirements for each condition index and its impact on selecting a maintenance treatment.

关键词： Rigid pavement Pavement management Condition index Distress index

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The OsWRKY72-OsAAT30/OsGSTU26 module mediates reactive oxygen species scavenging to drive heterosis for salt tolerance in hybrid rice

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第4期66卷 709-730页

作者： Citao Liu Bigang Mao Yanxia Zhang Lei tian Biao Ma Zhuo Chen Zhongwei Wei Aifu Li Ye Shao Gongye Cheng Lingling Li Wenyu Li Di Zhang Xiaoping Ding Jiangxiang Peng Yulin Peng Jiwai He Nenghui Ye Dingyang Yuan Chengcai Chu Meijuan Duan Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress Biology College of AgricultureHunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128China State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Hunan Hybrid Rice Research CenterChangsha 410125China College of Agriculture South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science Center for Crop Genome EngineeringCollege of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450002China College of Horticulture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109 USA Biobin Data Science Co. Ltd.Changsha 410221China

Hybrid rice(Oryza sativa)generally outperforms its inbred parents in yield and stress tolerance,a phenomenon termed heterosis,but the underlying mechanism is not completely ***,we combined transcriptome,proteome,physiological,and heterosis analyses to examine the salt response of super hybrid rice Chaoyou1000(CY1000).In addition to surpassing the mean values for its two parents(mid-parent heterosis),CY1000 exhibited a higher reactive oxygen species scavenging ability than both its parents(over-parent heterosis or heterobeltiosis).Nonadditive expression and allele-specific gene expression assays showed that the glutathione S-transferase gene OsGSTU26 and the amino acid transporter gene OsAAT30 may have major roles in heterosis for salt tolerance,acting in an overdominant fashion in ***,we identified OsWRKY72 as a common transcription factor that binds and regulates OsGSTU26 and *** salt-sensitive phenotypes were associated with the OsWRKY72^(paternal)genotype or the OsAAT30^(maternal)genotype in core rice germplasm ***72^(paternal)specifically repressed the expression of OsGSTU26 under salt stress,leading to salinity sensitivity,while OsWRKY72^(maternal)specifically repressed OsAAT30,resulting in salinity *** results suggest that the OsWRKY72-OsAAT30/OsGSTU26 module may play an important role in heterosis for salt tolerance in an overdominant fashion in CY1000 hybrid rice,providing valuable clues to elucidate the mechanism of heterosis for salinity tolerance in hybrid rice.

关键词： allele-specific gene expression(ASE) heterosis hybrid rice nonadditive effect(NAE) salt tolerance transcriptome and proteome

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Dendroclimatological study of Sabina saltuaria and Abies faxoniana in the mixed forests of the Qionglai Mountains,eastern Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 72-82页

作者： Teng Li Jianfeng Peng Tsun Fung Au Jingru Li Jinbao Li Yue Zhang School of Geography and Remote Sensing Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006People’s Republic of China College of Geography and Environmental Science Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004People’s Republic of China Institute for Global Change Biology School for Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Geography University of Hong KongHong Kong SARPeople’s Republic of China HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation Shenzhen 518057People’s Republic of China

Tree-ring chronologies were developed for Sabina saltuaria and Abies faxoniana in mixed forests in the Qionglai Mountains of the eastern Tibetan ***-growth relationship analysis indicated that the two co-exist-ing species reponded similarly to climate factors,although *** was more sensitive than *** strong-est correlation was between *** chronology and regional mean temperatures from June to *** on this relationship,a regional mean temperature from June to November for the period 1605-2016 was *** explained 37.3%of the temperature variance during th period *** major warm periods and five major cold periods were *** analysis detected significant interannual and multi-decadal *** also revealed the influence of the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation,confirming its importance on climate change on the eastern Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： Tree-ring analysis mixed forests Dendroclimatology Qionglai Mountains

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April-September minimum temperature reconstruction based on Sabina tibetica ring-width chronology in the central eastern Tibetan Plateau,China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第2期35卷 134-145页

作者： Teng Li Jianfeng Peng Tsun Fung Au Jinbao Li School of Geography and Remote Sensing Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006People’s Republic of China College of Geography and Environmental Science Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004People’s Republic of China Institute for Global Change Biology School for Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Geography University of Hong KongHong Kong SARPeople’s Republic of China HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation Shenzhen 518057People’s Republic of China

minimum temperatures have remarkable impacts on tree growth at high-elevation sites on the Tibetan Plateau,but the shortage of long-term and high-resolution paleoclimate records inhibits understanding of recent minimum temperature *** this study,a warm season(April–September)reconstruction is presented for the past 467 years(1550–2016)based on Sabina tibetica ring-width chronology on the Lianbaoyeze Mountain of the central eastern Tibetan *** warm periods and eight cold periods were ***-term minimum temperature variations revealed a high degree of coherence with nearby *** correlations between our reconstruction and global sea surface temperatures suggest that warm season minimum temperature anomalies in the central eastern Tibetan Plateau were strongly influenced by large-scale ocean atmospheric circulations,such as the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation.

关键词： Tree-ring analysis Sabina tibetica minimum temperatures Central eastern Tibetan Plateau Climate change

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Compact prototype microfabricated gas chromatographic analyzer for autonomous determinations of VOC mixtures at typical workplace concentrations

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2018年第1期4卷 390-399页

作者： Junqi Wang Jonathan Bryant-Genevier Nicolas Nuñovero Chengyi Zhang Bruce Kraay Changhua Zhan Kee Scholten Robert Nidetz Sanketh Buggaveeti Edward T.Zellers Department of Chemistry University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Environmental Health Sciences University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Applied Physics Program University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Center for Wireless Integrated microSensing and Systems University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

This report concerns a benchtop prototype instrument containing a gas chromatographic microanalytical system(μGC)designed for the selective determination of multiple airborne volatile organic compounds(VOCs)at concentrations in the vicinity of recommended occupational exposure *** core microsystem consists of a set of discrete Si-microfabricated devices:a dualcavity,adsorbent-packed micro-preconcentrator-focuser(μPCF)chip that quantitatively captures and thermally desorbs/injects VOCs with vapor pressures between~0.03 and 13 kPa;tandem micro-column(μcolumn)chips with cross-linked PDMS wall-coated stationary phases capable of temperature-programmed separations;and an integrated array of fiveμchemiresistors(μCR)coated with different thiolate-monolayer protected gold nanoparticle(MPN)interface films that quantifies and further differentiates among the analytes by virtue of the response patterns *** key components include a pre-trap for low-volatility interferences,a split-flow injection valve,and an onboard He carrier–gas *** assembled unit measures 19×30×14 cm,weighs~3.5 kg,operates on AC power,and is laptop/LabVIEW ***-and system-level tests of performance demonstrated injection bandwidths o1 s,aμcolumn capacity of≥8μg injected mass,linear calibration curves,no humidity effects,excellent medium-term(that is,1 week)reproducibility,autonomous operation for 8 h,detection limits below Threshold Limit Values(TLV)for 10 mL air samples collected in 1 min,and response patterns that enhanced vapor *** determination of a 17-VOC mixture in the presence of seven interferences was performed in 4 *** augur well for adapting the microsystem to an all-MEMS wearableμGC currently under parallel development.

关键词： gas chromatography micro-GC microsystem mixtures sensor array VOCs

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On Performance Characteristics of a Nonparametric Subset Selection Procedure with a Small Randomized Block Experimental Design

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Applied Mathematics 2024年第9期15卷 630-650页

作者： Gary C. McDonald Sajidah Alsaeed Department of Mathematics and Statistics Oakland University Rochester MI USA

This article addresses the issue of computing the constant required to implement a specific nonparametric subset selection procedure based on ranks of data arising in a statistical randomized block experimental design. A model of three populations and two blocks is used to compute the probability distribution of the relevant statistic, the maximum of the population rank sums minus the rank sum of the “best” population. Calculations are done for populations following a normal distribution, and for populations following a bi-uniform distribution. The least favorable configuration in these cases is shown to arise when all three populations follow identical distributions. The bi-uniform distribution leads to an asymptotic counterexample to the conjecture that the least favorable configuration, i.e., that configuration minimizing the probability of a correct selection, occurs when all populations are identically distributed. These results are consistent with other large-scale simulation studies. All relevant computational R-codes are provided in appendices.

关键词： Rank Statistics Least Favorable Configuration Probability of Correct Selection Slippage Configuration Equal Spaced Configuration Counterexample Configuration

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Macro-architectured cellular materials： Properties, characteristic modes, and prediction methods

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2018年第3期13卷 442-459页

作者： Zheng-Dong MA The University of michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

Macro-architectured cellular （MAC） material is defined as a class of engineered materials having configurable cells of relatively large （i.e., visible） size that can be architecturally designed to achieve various desired material properties. Two types of novel MAC materials, negative Poisson＇s ratio material and biomimetic tendon reinforced material, were introduced in this study. To estimate the effective material properties for structural analyses and to optimally design such materials, a set of suitable homogenization methods was developed that provided an effective means for the multiscale modeling of MAC materials. First, a strain-based homogenization method was developed using an approach that separated the strain field into a homogenized strain field and a strain variation field in the local cellular domain superposed on the homogenized strain field. The principle of virtual displacements for the relationship between the strain variation field and the homogenized strain field was then used to condense the strain variation field onto the homogenized strain field. The new method was then extended to a stress-based homogenization process based on the principle of virtual forces and further applied to address the discrete systems represented by the beam or frame structures of the aforementioned MAC materials. The characteristic modes and the stress recovery process used to predict the stress distribution inside the cellular domain and thus determine the material strengths and failures at the local level are also discussed.

关键词： architectured material cellular materials multi-scale modeling homogenization method effective material properties computational method

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Magnetohydrodynamic behaviors in a resistance spot weld nugget under different welding currents

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第9期51卷 1507-1515页

作者： S. Jack HU The University of michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

Magnetohydrodynamic behaviors in a resistance spot weld nugget under different welding currents are investigated based on a multiphysics coupled numerical model, which incorporates phase change and variable electrical contact resis-tances at faying surface and electrode-workpiece contact surface. The patterns of the flow field and thermal field at the end of the welding phase under different welding currents are obtained. The evolutions of fluid flow and heat transfer during the whole welding process are also revealed systematically. The analysis results are also compared with a traditional electrothermal coupled model to obtain the quantitative effects of the magnetohydrodynamic behaviors on the resistance spot weld nugget formation.

关键词： resistance spot welding magnetic force fluid flow heat transfer

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Comparison of Block Design Nonparametric Subset Selection Rules Based on Alternative Scoring Rules

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Applied Mathematics 2024年第5期15卷 355-389页

作者： Gary C. McDonald Sajidah Alsaeed Department of Mathematics and Statistics Oakland University Rochester MI USA

This article compares the size of selected subsets using nonparametric subset selection rules with two different scoring rules for the observations. The scoring rules are based on the expected values of order statistics of the uniform distribution (yielding rank values) and of the normal distribution (yielding normal score values). The comparison is made using state motor vehicle traffic fatality rates, published in a 2016 article, with fifty-one states (including DC as a state) and over a nineteen-year period (1994 through 2012). The earlier study considered four block design selection rules—two for choosing a subset to contain the “best” population (i.e., state with lowest mean fatality rate) and two for the “worst” population (i.e., highest mean rate) with a probability of correct selection chosen to be 0.90. Two selection rules based on normal scores resulted in selected subset sizes substantially smaller than corresponding rules based on ranks (7 vs. 16 and 3 vs. 12). For two other selection rules, the subsets chosen were very close in size (within one). A comparison is also made using state homicide rates, published in a 2022 article, with fifty states and covering eight years. The results are qualitatively the same as those obtained with the motor vehicle traffic fatality rates.

关键词： Order Statistics Rank Scoring Methods Probability of a Correct Selection Subset Size Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatality Rates Homicide Rates Asymptotic Distributions

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Targeted Blue Nanoparticles as Photoacoustic Contrast Agent for Brain Tumor Delineation

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Nano Research 2011年第11期4卷 1163-1173页

作者： Aniruddha Ray Xueding Wang Yong-Eun Koo Lee Hoe Jin Hah Gwangseong Kim Thomas Chen Daniel A. Orringer Oren Sagher Xiaojun Liu Raoul Kopelman Biophysics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Department of Radiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Department of Neurosurgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Institute of Acoustics Naniing University Nanjing 210093 China

Distinguishing a tumor from non-neoplastic tissue is a challenging task during cancer surgery. Several attempts have been made to use visible or fluorescent agents to aid in the visualization of a tumor during surgery. We describe a novel method to delineate brain tumors, using a highly sensitive photoacoustic imaging technique that is enhanced by tumor-targeting blue nanoparticles serving as a contrast agent. Experiments on phantoms and on rat brains, ex vivo, demonstrate the high sensitivity of photoacoustic imaging in delineating tumors containing contrast agent at a concentration much lower than needed for visualization by the naked eye. The limit of detection of the system for the nanoparticles is about 0.77 μg/mL in water （equivalent to 0.84 μmol/L Coomassie Blue dye）. The present exploratory study suggests that photoacoustic imaging, when used with strongly optical absorbing contrast agents, could facilitate cancer surgery intraoperatively by revealing the distribution and extent of the tumor.

关键词： Brain tumor surgery targeted nanoparticles F3 peptide Coomassie Blue dye photoacoustic imaging

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