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Cotton GhBAK1 mediates Verticillium Wilt Resistance and Cell Death

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2013年第7期55卷 586-596页

作者： Xiquan Gao Fangjun Li maoying Li Ali S.Kianinejad Jane K.Dever Terry A.Wheeler Zhaohu Li Ping He Libo Shan Department of Plant Pathology and microbiology and Institute for Plant Genomics and BiotechnologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station College of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University College of agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station University of Texas at Brownsville Texas A&m AgriLife Research and Extension Center

Virus-induced gene silencing （VIGS） offers a powerful approach for functional analysis of individual genes by knocking down their expression. We have adopted this approach to dissect gene functions in cotton resistant to Verticfllium wilt, one of the most devastating diseases worldwide. We showed here that highly efficient VIGS was obtained in a cotton breeding line （CA4002） with partial resistance to Verticillium wilt, and GhmKK2 and Gh Ve I are required for its resistance to Verticillium wilt. Arabidopsis AtBAK1/SERK3, a central regulator in plant disease resistance, belongs to a subfamily of somatic embryogenesis receptor kinases （SERKs） with five members, AtSERK1 to AtSERK5. Two BAK1 orthologs and one SERK1 ortholog were identified in the cotton genome. Importantly, GhBAK1 is required for CA4002 resistance to Verticillium wilt. Surprisingly, silencing of GhBAK1 is sufficient to trigger cell death accompanied with production of reactive oxygen species in cotton. This result is distinct from Arabidopsis in which AtBAK1 and AtSERK4 play redundant functions in cell death control. Apparently, cotton has only evolved SERK1 and BAK1 whereas AtSERK4/5 are newly evolved genes in Arabidopsis. Our studies indicate the functional importance of BAK1 in Verticillium wilt resistance and suggest the dynamic evolution of SERK family members in different plant species.

关键词： Cell death: Gossvoium hirsutum: Verticillium dahliae: virus-induced qene silence.

Exogenous abscisic acid coordinating leaf senescence and transport of assimilates into wheat grains under drought stress by regulating hormones homeostasis

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The Crop Journal 2021年第4期9卷 901-914页

作者： Yongli Luo Wenqian Li Cui Huang Junhao Yang min Jin Jin Chen Dangwei Pang Yonglan Chang Yong Li Zhenlin Wang National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an 271018ShandongChina

Drought at the grain filling stage of wheat will cause premature leaf senescence, thus leading to considerable loss of wheat yield. Therefore, this paper aims to establish a cultivation technology for strong drought resistance, delayed senescence, and yield improvement based on the analysis of hormones homeostasis obtained by applying chemical control substances. Experiments were conducted with two genotypes of wheat. Four water irrigation treatments were applied to impose the water deficit, including well-watered control treatment(WW), mild water deficit(miWD), moderate water deficit(moWD), and severe water deficit(SWD). Exogenous abscisic acid(ABA) was sprayed on the plants at the anthesis stage of the wheat. As a result, exogenous ABA reduced initial senescence rate(r0), total duration of chlorophyll(Chltotal), rapid senescence phase(Chlloss), and the accumulated temperature at an inflection point(m) but improved the persistence phase(Chlper) of flag leaves under all of the four treatments. However, exogenous ABA produced inconsistent effects on photoassimilate relocation and grain weight under different treatments. It produced positive regulatory effects on grain weight under WW, miWD, and moWD treatments. On the one hand, spraying ABA during the persistence phase of flag leaves reduced the ratios of zeatin to gibberellin(Z/GA3), spermine to spermidine(Spm/Spd), and salicylic acid to ABA(SA/ABA),which prolonged active photosynthesis by stimulating high level of proline(Pro) and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase(APX). Therefore, drought tolerance was enhanced, and more photosynthetic assimilates were accumulated. On the other hand, the rapid senescence phase and the transport rate of assimilates into grains were accelerated, resulting in higher grain weight, yield, and water use efficiency(WUE). However, under SWD treatment, exogenous ABA improved the ratio

关键词： Wheat Water deficit stress Leaf senescence Hormones Exogenous ABA

Dose of Paclobutrazol in the Growth of Sugarcane Seedlings <i>in Vitro</i>in the Acclimatization Stage

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Agricultural sciences 2017年第8期8卷 751-758页

作者： Tomás Díaz Valdés Leopoldo Partida Ruvalcaba Felipe Ayala Tafoya Carlos Alfonso López Orona Teresa de Jesús Velázquez Alcaraz Faculty of agronomy of the Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacán México

micropropagation has been widely used for the rapid multiplication of many plant species, where the final quality of the plant depends on the acclimatization stage. To obtain compact plants, with desired characteristics and adaptable to field conditions, the use of chemical inhibitors of growth is necessary. In sugarcane of the variety CP 72-2086 the effects caused by the growth regulator paclobutrazol (PBZ) in vitro plants applied in the acclimatization phase are unknown. The objective of this research was to know the effect of paclobutrazol in the acclimatization phase in the growth and development of the vitro plants of sugarcane of the variety CP 72-2086. The research was carried out in the greenhouse of the Faculty of agronomy of the Autonomous University of Sinaloa, located at 24°37'29"N and 107°26'36"W, in Sinaloa, mexico. micro-propagated sugarcane seedlings were used by tissue culture;vitro plants were extracted from the flasks 24 hours before being transplanted into the greenhouse. The treatments of PBZ applied were the doses of 0 (control), 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mg·L-1. The PBZ was applied when the seedlings had seven true leaves [(31 days after transplant (ddt)], and did not show gutting. At 36 ddt, the vitro plants of the trays were extracted and the variables evaluated were height (cm), stem diameter (mm), root length (cm), root volume (mL), root dry weight (g), aerial biomass dry weight (g), leaf area (cm2) and greenness in spad units. A randomized complete block design with three replicates was used. The results of the study indicated that the dose of 150 g·L-1 of PBZ induced the growth of plants more compact and of better quality for the transplant.

关键词： CP 72-2086 micropropagation Spad Units Root Volume Stem Diameter

mechanical Properties of a Wood Flour-PET Composite Through Computational Homogenisation

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Computers, materials & Continua 2021年第6期67卷 4061-4079页

作者： P.Pesante K.Saavedra G.Pincheira m.sc.in mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversidad de Talca CampusCuricóChile Department of Industrial Technologies Faculty of EngineeringUniversidad de Talca CampusCuricóChile

This work proposes to study the effective elastic properties(EEP)of a wood-plastic composite(WPC)made from polyethylene terephthalate(PET)and Chilean Radiate pine’s wood our,using nite element simulations of a representative volume element(RVE)with periodic boundary *** are validated through a static 3-point bending test,with specimens obtained by extruding and *** effect of different weight fractions,space orientations and sizes of particles are here *** predictions are empirically conrmed in the sense that composites with more wood our content and bigger size,have higher elastic ***,these results are very sensitive to the orientation of *** and Reuss mean-eld homogenisation approaches are also given as upper and lower *** tests evidence that exural strengths and ultimate tensile elongations decrease respect to 100%PET,but these properties can be enhanced considering particle-size distributions instead of a xed size of wood our.

关键词： Wood-plastic composite periodic homogenisation mechanical properties experimental validation

Glutenin macropolymer Particles Size Distribution of Six Wheat Varieties in Eastern China

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural sciences 2017年第5期22卷 455-460页

作者： LI Wenyang YANG Bingbing SHAO Qingqin XU Feng YAN Suhui College of agronomy Anhui Science and Technology UniversityFengyang 233100AnhuiChina

Size distribution of glutenin macropolymer （GmP） particles significantly affects the quality of final products in wheat. Six wheat varieties in eastern China were used for investigating the GmP content, particle size distribution and their relation. The results showed that the particle diameter of GmP changed from 0.38 μm to 269 μm. A typical bimodal curve of volume distribution of particles with peak values ranged from 4.44 μm to 5.36 μm and from 45.76 μm to 116.30 μm, respectively. Number distribution of particles showed the typical population with peak values in the range of 0.57-1.00 p.m. Proportions of granules 〈12μm, 12-80 μm and 〉80 μm were in the range of 17.1%-47.8%, 32.1%-50.3% and 10.2%-38.1% of total volume, respectively. The content of GmP was negatively correlated with the volume of GmP particles 〈12μm, but positively correlated with the volume of particles 〉80μm. The results suggested that the greater percentage of larger GmP particles is, the more GmP content there is in wheat grain.

关键词： winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) glutenin macropolymer (GmP) GmP content particle size distribution

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采用流线型浇道来减少能量损耗(英文)

采用流线型浇道来减少能量损耗(英文)

Sources for Heat-Stable Resistance to Southern Root-Knot Nematode (meloidogyne incognita) in Solanum lycopersicum

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作者： Sφren Skov-Hansen Niels Skat Tiedje DISA Industries A/S. Application Engineer M.Sc. Ph.D. Technical University of Denmark DTU Associate Professor M.Sc. Ph.D.

In foundries a lot of effort is done to minimize energy consumption in the production to reduce costs and hence increase the competitiveness. At the same time the foundries must live up to the increased demands for high quality castings. Traditional gating systems are known for a straight tapered down runner a well base and 90o bends in the runner system. Previous work has shown that the traditional way of designing gating systems creates high inconsistency in flow patterns during filling. In the streamlined gating systems there are no sharp changes in direction and a large effort is done to confine and control the flow of the molten metal during mould filling. The main objective in the work presented here is to use the principles of the streamlined gating systems to reduce the weight of the gating system relative to the traditional layouts. By reducing the weight of gating system and thereby improving yield the amount of molten iron needed is also reduced hence reducing the energy consumption for melting. Experiments in real production lines have proven that it is possible to achieve a reduction in the poured weight by using the streamlined gating systems. In a layout for casting of three valve housings in a vertically parted mould the weight of the gating system was reduced by 1,1kg changing from the traditional layouts to the streamlined gating systems. This weight reduction corresponds in this case to a 20% weight reduction for the gating system. Using streamlined gating systems with fan gates to give a beneficial heat distribution in the castings may be an efficient tool to eliminate the need for heat treatment. In the experiments the change in gating system from the traditional layout to the streamlined layout removed the need for heat treatment. This obviously means a huge energy saving in the foundry. The energy consumption for heat treatment of iron has been found to be 0,489kWh/kg. The valve housing in the experiments weigh 3kg so when the need for heat tr

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Agricultural sciences in China 2009年第6期8卷 697-702页

作者： WU Wen-wen SHEN Huo-lin YANG Wen-cai Department of Vegetable science College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P.R.China

Southern root-knot nematode （meloidogyne incognita） is a major problem in vegetable production in China due to the expansion of plastic tunnel and solar greenhouse. Using resistant cultivars is an effective approach to control the disease. Nine genes, mi-1 to mi-9, have been reported and only mi-1 has been successfully used in tomato breeding. However, mi-1 is inactive at a temperature above 28~C. In order to identify sources for heat-stable resistance to southern root-knot nematode, 53 genotypes of tomato （Solarium spp.） were inoculated with an isolate of m. incognita in the growth chamber at 28 or 32℃ for initial screening. 28 lines had less than 25 galls and were considered as resistant candidates. The top 60% （16 in total） of resistant candidates obtained from each temperature were subject to re-evaluation at 32~C using the same nematode isolate. Three lines ZN17, ZN 48, and LA0385 showed heat-stable resistance with an average of 10 galls or less per plant. LA0385 is a wild species, while ZNI7 and ZN48 are elite breeding lines. These lines were grown in a greenhouse for two seasons, and also showed high resistance with less than 10 galls per plant. Thus they were considered as good sources for breeding resistance to southern root-knot nematode in tomato.

关键词： heat-stable resistance meloidogyne incognita tomato

Regulation of enolase activation to promote neural protection and regeneration in spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第7期18卷 1457-1462页

作者： Hannah mmcCoy Rachel Polcyn Naren LBanik Azizul Haque Department of microbiology and Immunology Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Department of Neurosurgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Ralph H.Johnson Veterans Administration medical Center CharlestonSCUSA

Spinal cord injury(scI)is a debilitating condition characterized by damage to the spinal cord resulting in loss of function,mobility,and sensation with no *** and Drug Administration-approved ***,a multifunctional glycolytic enzyme upregulated after scI,promotes pro-and anti-inflammatory events and regulates functional recovery in *** is normally expressed in the cytosol,but the expression is upregulated at the cell surface following cellular injury,promoting glial cell activation and signal transduction pathway ***-induced microglia activation triggers pro-inflammatory mediators at the injury site,activating other immune cells and metabolic events,i.e.,Rho-associated kinase,contributing to the neuroinflammation found in *** surface expression also activates cathepsin X,resulting in cleavage of the C-terminal end of neuron-specific enolase(NSE)and non-neuronal enolase(NNE).Fully functional enolase is necessary as NSE/NNE C-terminal proteins activate many neurotrophic processes,i.e.,the plasminogen activation system,phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B,and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated *** here suggest an enolase inhibitor,ENOblock,attenuates the activation of Rho-associated kinase,which may decrease glial cell activation and promote functional recovery following ***,ENOblock inhibits cathepsin X,which may help prevent the cleavage of the neurotrophic C-terminal protein allowing full plasminogen activation and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase *** combined NSE/cathepsin X inhibition may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing neuroinflammation/degeneration and promoting neural cell regeneration and recovery following *** role of cell membrane-expressed enolase and associated metabolic events should be investigated to determine if the same strategies can be applied to other neu

关键词： cathepsin X ENOblock enolase glia mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase neurodegeneration neuroinflammation phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B Rho-associated protein kinase spinal cord injury

Finite-temperature ductility-brittleness and electronic structures of Al_(n)sc(n=1,2 and 3)

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Rare metals 2024年第8期43卷 3974-3989页

作者： Xue-Qian Wang Ying Zhao Hao-Xuan Liu Shu-Chen Sun Hong-Bo Yang Jia-min Zhong Gan-Feng Tu Song Li Yu-Dong Zhang Claude Esling Hai-Le Yan Liang Zuo Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of materials(ministry of Education) School of Material Science and EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China school of metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Rare Earth Functional materials(Xiong'an)Innovation Center Co. Ltd.Xiong'an 071700China Laboratoire d'étude des microstructures et de mécanique des matériaux(LEm3) Unikersitéde Lorraine57045MetzFrance

Finite-temperature ductility-brittleness and electronic structures of Al_(3)sc,Al_(2)sc and Alsc are studied comparatively by first-principles calculations and ab initio molecular *** show that Al_(3)sc and Al_(2)sc are brittle at both ground state and finite temperatures,while Alsc possesses a significantly superior *** ground state,Alsc is ductile from Pugh's and Poisson's criteria,while it is brittle in Pettifor's *** ductility of all Al_(3)sc,Al_(2)sc and AIsc improves greatly with the elevated ***,the Cauchy pressure of Alsc undergoes a transition from negative to *** T>600 K,Alsc is unequivocally classified as ductile from all criteria *** all compounds,the Al-Al bond originated from s-p and p-p orbital hybridizations,and the Al-sc bond dominated by p-d covalent hybridization,are the first and second strongest chemical bonds,*** explain the difference in mechanical properties,the mean bond strength(mBS)is introduced in this *** weaker Al-Al bond in Alsc,leading to a smaller mBS,could be the origin of the softer elastic stiffness and superior intrinsic *** longer length of the Al-Al bond in Alsc is responsible for its weaker bond ***,the enhanced metallicity of the Al-Al bond in Alsc would also contribute to its exceptional *** longer length of the Al-Al bond in AIsc is responsible for its weaker bond ***,the enhanced metallicity of the Al-Al bond in Alsc would also contribute to its exceptional ductility.

关键词： Al-sc Target materials Intrinsic ductility Finite-temperature elastic constant First-principles calculation