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The chilling tolerance of peanut seedlings was improved by enhancing ROS scavenging ability, modulating antioxidants, maintaining photosynthetic capacity and mobilizing nutrient absorption

The chilling tolerance of peanut seedlings was improved by e...

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第二十届中国作物学会学术年会

作者：董佳乐 He Zhang Xin Ai Qiqi Dong Xiaolong Shi Xinhua Zhao Chao Zhong 于海秋 College of agronomy Shenyang Agricultural University

【Background】Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)—a typical heat-loving crop species—is prevalent in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions. In recent years, peanut cultivation area in high latitudes, such as northeast China, is gradually expanding in response to rising peanut consumption and demand. In the crop-producting area of northeast China, sudden low temperatures often adversely affect peanut growth from germination to harvest, resulting in reduced peanut yield. The seedling stage of peanut growth is the most sensitive to temperature. Therefore, efforts to reveal peanut seedlings' responses and acclimatization to chilling stress are crucial for improving agricultural production. 【materials and methods】The chilling-tolerant cultivar(NH5) and the chilling-sensitive cultivar(FH18) were selected. Seeds were selected and sown in plastic pots filled with sterile soil and grown in a growth chamber with 28/25°C(day/night), a 16/8 h(light/dark) photoperiod, and 600 μmol m-2s-1 photosynthetic photon flux density. The experiment was performed as C(control): peanut plants of both cultivars were maintained at normal growth;T(treatment): two-week-old plants were transferred to a precooled growth chamber at 14/6°C for 5 d. After 5 days of chilling stress, the seedling plants were returned to normal temperature for 3 d. 【Result and Analysis】Here we compared and analyzed biological characters, antioxidant system, photosynthetic characteristics, biochemical and physiological responses and nutrient absorption in different tolerant peanut seedlings during chilling treatment and recovery. The growth inhibition degree of chilling stress on FH18 was significantly greater than that on NH5. After removing chilling stress, ROS accumulation was still excessive in FH18 because of the weak scavenging ability of FH18 to ROS, resulting in decreased photosynthetic capacity and blocked nutrient absorption and transport. Overall, excellent ROS scavenging ability can effectively reduce the damage

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Increased plant density and reduced N rate lead to more grain yield and higher resource utilization in summer maize

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第11期15卷 2515-2528页

作者： SHI De-yang LI Yan-hong ZHANG Ji-wang LIU Peng ZHAO Bin DONG Shu-ting agronomy College Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology

Planting at an optimum density and supplying adequate nitrogen（N） to achieve higher yields is a common practice in crop production, especially for maize（Zea mays L.）; however, excessive N fertilizer supply in maize production results in reduced N use efficiency（NUE） and severe negative impacts on the environment. This research was conducted to determine the effects of increased plant density and reduced N rate on grain yield, total N uptake, NUE, leaf area index（LAI）, intercepted photosynthetically active radiation（IPAR）, and resource use efficiency in maize. Field experiments were conducted using a popular maize hybrid Zhengdan 958（ZD958） under different combinations of plant densities and N rates to determine an effective approach for maize production with high yield and high resource use efficiency. Increasing plant density was clearly able to promote N absorption and LAI during the entire growth stage, which allowed high total N uptake and interception of radiation to achieve high dry matter accumulation（DmA）, grain yield, NUE, and radiation use efficiency（RUE）. However, with an increase in plant density, the demand of N increased along with grain yield. Increasing N rate can significantly increase the DmA, grain yield, LAI, IPAR, and RUE. However, this increase was non-linear and due to the input of too much N fertilizers, the efficiency of N use at NCK（320 kg ha^（–1）） was low. An appropriate reduction in N rate can therefore lead to higher NUE despite a slight loss in grain production. Taking into account both the need for high grain yield and resource use efficiency, a 30% reduction in N supply, and an increase in plant density of 3 plants m^（–2）, compared to LD（5.25 plants m^（–2））, would lead to an optimal balance between yield and resource use efficiency.

关键词： summer maize increased plant density reduced N rate N use efficiency resource use efficiency

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Soil Organic Carbon mineralization as Affected by Cyclical Temperature Fluctuations in a Karst Region of Southwestern China

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Pedosphere 2015年第4期25卷 512-523页

作者： CI En mahdi m.AL-KAISI WANG Liange DING Changhuan XIE Deti College of Resources and Environment Southwest University Department of agronomy Iowa State University

The diurnal fluctuation in soil temperature may influence soil organic carbon(SOC) mineralization, but there is no consensus on SOC mineralization response to the cyclical fluctuation in soil temperature. A 56-d incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of constant and variable temperatures on SOC mineralization. Three soils were collected from the karst region in western Guizhou Province, southwestern China, including a limestone soil under forest, a limestone soil under crops and a yellow soil under crops. According to the World Reference Base(WRB) classification, the two limestone soils were classified as Haplic Luvisols and the yellow soil as a Dystric Luvisol. These soils were incubated at three constant temperatures(15, 20 and 25?C) and cyclically fluctuating temperatures(diurnal cycle between 15 and 25?C). The results showed that the 56-d cumulative SOC mineralized(C56)at the fluctuating temperatures was between those at constant 15 and 25?C, suggesting that the cumulative SOC mineralization was restricted by temperature range. The SOC mineralization responses to the fluctuating temperatures were different among the three soils, especially in contrast to those at constant 20?C. Compared with constant 20?C, significant(P mestone soil under forest and yellow soil under crops at the fluctuating temperatures, respectively. At the fluctuating temperatures, the forest soil with lower temperature coefficient Q10(the relative change in SOC mineralization rate as a result of increasing the temperature by 10?C) had a significantly(P mineralization intensity than the two cropland soils. These indicated that differences in temperature pattern(constant or fluctuating) could significantly influence SOC mineralization, and SOC mineralization responses to the fluctuating temperatures might be affected by soil ***, the warmer temperatures might improve

关键词：西南喀斯特地区有机碳矿化周期性波动土壤温度温度波动土壤有机碳石灰岩土壤中国

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Triangular model and Sustainable Development:Challenge for Rural Development in Lao PDR

Triangular Model and Sustainable Development:Challenge for R...

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北京论坛（2006）文明的和谐与共同繁荣—对人类文明方式的思考

作者： Bouadam Sengkhamkhoutlavong Soukanh Chithpanya m.sc.(A.I.T.) Asia Research CenterNational University of Laos (Osaka Univ.) Faculty of Architecture National University of Laos

This paper aims to discuss on triangular model of development and its application at grass-root or community *** takes up case of Ban Naduang,a rural community in central region of the country as a case *** paper stresses the importance of empowerment of local people and community,without which development in rural community can not be *** paper also points out that cooperation among practitioners and scientist from different disciplines is needed,especially in information and education program,development of ***,result-base management should be applied for immediate outcome and success in the long run of the *** system,where knowledge can be shared, should be established. Local skill and knowledge,such as handicraft and artistic work,should be considered as resource for economic *** should be preserved and developed to the next generation.

关键词： rural development livelihood

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Synergistic Effects of Biochar and NPK Fertilizer on Soybean Yield in an Alkaline Soil

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 713-719页

作者： Fatima Z.mETE Shamim mIA Feike A.DIJKSTRA md.ABUYUSUF A.S.m.Iqbal HOSSAIN Department of agronomy Patuakhali Science and Technology University Department of Environmental science The University of Sydney

Biochar effects on legume growth and biological nitrogen fixation have been studied extensively, mostly in acidic soils with laboratory produced biochar. In the present study, a pot experiment in a full factorial experimental design was performed to examine soybean yield and nodulation of three genotypes grown with or without biochar and NPK fertilizers in an alkaline soil. We observed synergistic effects of biochar and NPK fertilizer applications on biomass and seed yields for all three soybean genotypes. Total biomass production and seed yield increased on average by 67% and 54%, respectively, with biochar and by 201% and 182% with NPK fertilizer application compared to the control. When applications of biochar and NPK fertilizer were combined, the increases were 391% and367%, respectively. However, the biomass production in the control was very low(692 kg ha-1) due to a high soil p H(8.80). The nodulation increased with biochar and NPK fertilizer applications, and was largest with the combined application. A correlation was found between leaf chlorophyll content(single photon avalanche diode value) and nodule number. We suggested that the synergistic increase in yield was due to a decrease in soil p H caused by biochar and NPK fertilizer applications thereby increasing P availability in this alkaline soil.

关键词：氮磷钾复合肥大豆产量碱性土壤生物炭增效作用叶片叶绿素含量土壤pH值肥料组合

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Birth-and-death evolution of ribonuclease 9 genes in Cetartiodactyla

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science China(Life sciences) 2023年第5期66卷 1170-1182页

作者： Datian Lang Xiaoping Wang Chunbing Liu Weihang Geng David m.Irwin Shanyuan Chen Chunqing Li Li Yu Heng Xiao school of Life sciences Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China school of Ecology and Environmental science Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Biodiversity Research Center of Wumeng mountain Department of Agronomy and Life ScienceZhaotong UniversityZhaotong 657000China Department of Laboratory medicine and Pathobiology University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 1A8Canada

RNase9 plays a reproductive function and has been recognized as an important member of the ribonuclease(RNase)A superfamily,a gene family that is widely used as a model for molecular evolutionary ***,we identified 178 RNase9 genes from 95 Cetartiodactyla species that represent all four lineages and 21 families of this ***,RNase9experienced an evolutionary scenario of“birth and death”in Ruminantia,and expression analyses showed that duplicated RNase9A and RNase9B genes are expressed in reproductive tissues(epididymis,vas deferens or prostate).This expression pattern combined with the estimate that these genes duplicated during the middle Eocene,a time when Ruminantia become a successful lineage,suggests that the RNase9 gene duplication might have been advantageous for promoting sperm motility and male fertility as an adaptation to climate seasonality changes of this *** contrast,all RNase9 genes were lost in the Cetacean lineage,which might be associated with their high levels of prostatic lesions and lower reproductive rates as adaptations to a fully aquatic environment and a balance to the demands of ocean *** study reveals a complex and intriguing evolutionary history and functional divergence for RNase9 in Cetartiodactyla,providing new insights into the evolution of the RNaseA superfamily and molecular mechanisms for organismal adaptations to the environment.

关键词： RNase9 gene duplication gene loss Cetartiodactyla

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Relationship Between Grain Yield and Yield Components in Super Hybrid Rice

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Agricultural sciences in China 2011年第10期10卷 1537-1544页

作者： HUANG min ZOU Ying-bin JIANG Peng XIA Bing md Ibrahim AO He-jun College of agronomy Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 P.R.China

Chinese super hybrid rice breeding project has developed many new varieties with great yield potential. It is controversial which yield component should be emphasized in super hybrid rice production. The present study was conducted to compare super hybrid rice with common hybrid and super inbred rice and analyze contributions of yield components to grain yield of super hybrid rice under experimental conditions, and evaluate relationships between grain yield and yield components of super hybrid rice in farmer’s paddy fields. Field experiments were done in Changsha, Guidong, and Nanxian, Hunan Province, China, from 2007 to 2009. Eight super hybrid varieties, one common hybrid variety, and one super inbred variety were grown in each location and year. Rice production investigation was undertaken in high-yielding （Guidong）, moderate-yielding （Nanxian）, and low-yielding （Ningxiang） regions of Hunan Province, China, in 2009. Grain yield and yield components were measured in both the field experiments and rice production investigation. Super hybrid rice varieties outyielded common hybrid and super inbred varieties across three locations and years. Yield potential has been increased by 11.4% in super hybrid rice varieties compared with common and super inbred varieties. The higher yield of super hybrid varieties was attributed to improvement in panicle size. Panicles per m2 had the highest positive contribution to grain yield with the exception under yield level of 10.0 to 12.0 t ha-1, and was positively related to grain yield in farmer’s field at all of the high-, moderate-, and low-yielding regions. Our study suggests that panicle per m2 ought to be emphasized in super hybrid rice production.

关键词： super hybrid rice yield panicle number panicle size

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Effect of Plant Density on Wild Oat Competition with Competitive and Non-Competitive Wheat Cultivars

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Agricultural sciences in China 2011年第10期10卷 1554-1561页

作者： mohammad Armin mohammed Asghripour Department of agronomy Sabzevar Branch Islamic Azad University Department of Agriculture University of Zabol

Wild oat （Avena ludoviciana） is one of the worst weeds in wheat fields. The effect of wheat density on wild oat competition with more or less competitive wheat cultivars （Triticum aestivum） was investigated at the Experimental Farm of Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute, Karaj, Iran. The experiment was established as a factorial combination of wheat varieties Roshan as non-competitive and Niknejad as competitive; three wheat densities （recommended density, recommended＋25%, and recommended＋50%, corresponding respectively with 300, 375, and 450 plants m-2 for Roshan and 400, 500, and 600 plants m-2 for Niknejad） and four wild oat densities （0, 25, 50, and 75 plants m-2） were selected for this experiment. Hyperbolic equations were used to describe relationship between yield and weed density. Increase in wheat density reduced wild oat biomass. maximum wild oat biomass was achieved at the highest density of the wild oat together with the lowest wheat density. The results showed that higher densities of wheat are able to suppress wild oat dry matter production. Inter-specific competition in Niknejad was 1.7 times more than that in Roshan. maximum yields of Niknejad and Roshan in the presence of wild oat were obtained at recommended density＋25% and recommended density, respectively. Increase in wheat density leads to a decrease in wheat yield due to an increase in intra-specific competition. Increase in wild oat density results in the reduction of wheat yield through decrease in fertile tiller per plant and spike m-2.

关键词： competition plant density wheat wild oat yield

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The effects of fermentation and adsorption using lactic acid bacteria culture broth on the feed quality of rice straw

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第3期14卷 503-513页

作者： LIU Jing-jing LIU Xiao-ping REN Ji-wei ZHAO Hong-yan YUAN Xu-feng WANG Xiao-fen Abdelfattah Z m Salem CUI Zong-jun College of agronomy and Biotechnology/Center of Biomass Engineering China Agricultural University Plants Protecting Station of Agricultural Bureau agronomy of Yanbian University Faculty of Veterinary medicine and Animal science Autonomous University of the State of Mexico

To improve the nutritional value and the palatability of air-dried rice straw, culture broth of the lactic acid bacteria community SFC-2 was used to examine the effects of two different treatments, fermentation and adsorption. Air-dried and chopped rice straw was treated with either fermentation for 30 d after adding 1.5 L nutrient solution（50 m L inocula L–1, 1.2×1012 CFU m L–1 inocula） kg–1 straw dry matter, or spraying a large amount of culture broth（1.5 L kg–1 straw dry matter, 1.5×1011 CFU m L–1 culture broth） on the straw and allowing it to adsorb for 30 min. The feed quality and aerobic stability of the resulting forage were examined. Both treatments improved the feed quality of rice straw, and adsorption was better than fermentation for preserving nutrients and improving digestibility, as evidenced by higher dry matter（Dm） and crude protein（CP） concentrations, lower neutral detergent fiber（NDF）, acid detergent fiber（ADF） and NH3-N concentrations, as well as higher lactic acid production and in vitro digestibility of Dm（IVDmD）. The aerobic stability of the adsorbed straw and the fermented straw was 392 and 480 h, respectively. After being exposed to air, chemical components and microbial community of the fermented straw were more stable than the adsorbed straw.

关键词： adsorption fermentation lactic acid bacteria culture broth rice straw

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Effects of light intensity on leaf microstructure and growth of rape seedlings cultivated under a combination of red and blue LEDs

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第1期16卷 97-105页

作者： YAO Xu-yang LIU Xiao-ying XU Zhi-gang JIAO Xue-lei College of agronomy Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P.R.China

The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of rape （Brassica napus L.） seedlings under different light intensities to select appropriate conditions for cultivation in an indoor system. Seedlings were grown under different light intensities of red and blue light provided by light-emitting diodes （LEDs） and their self-adjustment ability and changes in leaf microstructure were evaluated. Light was supplied by red LEDs with peak wavelengths of 630 （R1） and 660 nm （R2） and by blue LEDs （B） with a peak wavelength of 445 nm （the light intensity ratio of R1：R2：B was 3：3：2）, at intensities of 400 （R1R2B400）, 300 （R1R2B300）, and 200 μmol m-2 s-1 （R1R2B200）. Natural solar light served as the control （C）. Plant height, stem diameter, root length, leaf area, and dry weight of rape seedlings gradually increased with increasing light intensity. The seedlings in the R1R2B400 treatment grew more vigorously, while those in the R1R2B200 treatment were weaker. The photosynthetic pigment contents did not differ significantly between the R1R2B400 treatment and C, but were significantly lower in the R1R2B300 and R1R2B200 treatments. The highest intercellular CO2concentration, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate were in the R1R2B300 treatment. The highest photosynthetic rate was in the R1R2B400 treatment, and was related to more compact leaves, thicker and tidier palisade and spongy tissues, and well-developed chloroplasts. In contrast, the seedlings in the R1R2B200 treatment had disordered mesophyll cells, round chloroplasts, and fractured and fuzzy grana lamellae, all of which inhibited plant growth. In conclusion, the seedlings in the R1R2B400 treatment had well-developed leaves, which favored photosynthesis. Compared with the light intensities below 300 μmol m-2 s-1, the light intensity of 400 μmol m-2 s-1 provided by a cembination of red and blue LEDs was beneficial for cultivating strong and healthy rape seedlings in an artificial system.

关键词： light intensity rape seedlings mesophyll cell chloroplast stomata photosynthetic characteristics

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