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The evidence for the impact of policy on physical activity outcomes within the school setting: A systematic review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第3期10卷 263-276,F0003页

作者： Catherine B.Woods Kevin Volf Liam Kelly Blathın Casey Peter Gelius Sven Messing Sarah Forberger Jeroen Lakerveld Joanna Zukowska Enrique Garcıa Bengoechea Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Health Research InstituteUniversity of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland Friedrich-Alexander-Universit€at Erlangen-N€urnberg Erlangen 91058Germany leibniz institute for prevention research and epidemiologybips Bremen 28359Germany Department of epidemiology and Data Science Amsterdam Public Health Research instituteAmsterdam UMCVU University AmsterdamAmsterdam 1081 HVthe Netherlands Upstream Team Amsterdam UMCVU University AmsterdamAmsterdam 1081 HVthe Netherlands Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Gdansk University of TechnologyGdansk 80-213Poland

Background:Despite the well-established health benefits of physical activity(PA)for young people(aged 419 years),most do not meet PA *** that support PA in schools may be promising,but their impact on PA behavior is poorly *** aim of this systematic review was to ascertain the level and type of evidence reported in the international scientific literature for policies within the school setting that contribute directly or indirectly to increasing ***:This systematic review is compliant with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis *** databases were searched using key concepts of policy,school,evaluation,and *** title and abstract screening of 2323 studies,25 progressed to data *** quality was assessed using standardized tools,and the strength of the evidence of policy impact was described based on pre-determined codes:positive,negative,inconclusive,or untested ***:Evidence emerged for 9 policy areas that had a direct or indirect effect on PA within the school *** were whole school PA policy,physical education,sport/extracurricular PA,classroom-based PA,active breaks/recess,physical environment,shared use agreements,active school transport,and *** bulk of the evidence was significantly positive(54%),27%was inconclusive,9%was significantly negative,and 11%was untested(due to rounding,some numbers add to 99%or 101%).Frequency of evidence was highest in the primary setting(41%),34%in the secondary setting,and 24%in primary/secondary combined school *** policy area,frequency of evidence was highest for sport/extracurricular PA(35%),17%for physical education,and 12%for whole school PA policy,with evidence for shared use agreements between schools and local communities rarely reported(2%).Comparing relative strength of evidence,the evidence for shared use agreements,though sparse,was 100%positive,while 60%of the evidence for w

关键词： Evaluation Physical activity Policy School Systematic review

Skin Microbiome,Metabolome and Skin Phenome,from the Perspectives of Skin as an Ecosystem

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Phenomics 2022年第6期2卷 363-382页

作者： Huizhen Chen Qi Zhao Qian Zhong Cheng Duan Jean Krutmann Jiucun Wang Jingjing Xia Human Phenome institute School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Department of epidemiology School of Public HealthCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan 250012China IUF-leibniz research institute for Environmental Medicine Dusseldorf D-40225Germany Greater Bay Area institute of Precision Medicine(Guangzhou) School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityGuangzhou 511458China research Unit of Dissecting the Population Genetics and Developing New Technologies for Treatment and prevention of Skin Phenotypes and Dermatological Diseases(2019RU058) Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesShanghai 200438China

Skin is a complex ecosystem colonized by millions of microorganisms,including bacteria,fungi,and *** microbiota is believed to exert critical functions in maintaining host skin *** the structure of skin microbial community is the first step to overview the ***,the community composition is highly individualized and extremely *** explore the fundamental factors driving the complexity of the ecosystem,namely the selection pressures,we review the present studies on skin microbiome from the perspectives of *** review summarizes the following:(1)the composition of substances/nutrients in the cutaneous ecological environment that are derived from the host and the environment,highlighting their proposed function on skin microbiota;(2)the features of dominant skin commensals to occupy ecological niches,through self-adaptation and microbe–microbe interactions;(3)how skin microbes,by their structures or bioactive molecules,reshape host skin phenotypes,including skin immunity,maintenance of skin physiology such as pH and hydration,ultraviolet(UV)protection,odor production,and wound *** review aims to re-examine the host–microbe interactions from the ecological perspectives and hopefully to give new inspiration to this field.

关键词： Skin microbiome Metabolome Phenome Microbe–microbe interactions Ecological niches

The main and added effects of heat on mortality in 33 Chinese cities from 2007 to 2013

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第7期17卷 35-46页

作者： Yanlin Niu Jun Yang Qi Zhao Yuan Gao Tao Xue Qian Yin Peng Yin Jinfeng Wang Maigeng Zhou Qiyong Liu Beijing Center for Disease prevention and Control Institute for Nutrition and Food HygieneBeijing 100013China State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease prevention and Control National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China University College London LondonWC1H ONNUK School of Public Health Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 511436China Department of epidemiology School of Public HealthCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan 250012China Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center Shandong UniversityJinan 250100China Department of epidemiology IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental MedicineDiusseldorf 40225Germany School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash UniversityMelbourneVIC 3004Australia institute of Reproductive and Child Health Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographical Sciences and Nature Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Increases in ambient temperatures and the frequency of extreme heat events constitute important burdens on global public ***,evidence on their effects on public health is limited and inconclusive in *** this study,data on daily deaths recorded in 33 Chinese cities from 2007 to 2013 was used to evaluate the effect of heat on mortality in *** addition to the definition of a heatwave established by the China Meteorological Administration,we combined four city-specific relative thresholds(90th,92.5th,95th,and 97.5th percentiles)of the daily mean temperature during the study period and three durations of≽2,≽3,and≽4 days,from which 13 heatwave definitions were ***,we estimated the main and added effects of heat at the city level using a quasi-Poisson generalized additive model combined with a distributed lag nonlinear ***,the estimates for the effects were pooled at the national level using a multivariable *** analysis was performed according to sex,age,educational attainment,and spatially stratified *** results showed that the mortality risk increased from 22.3%to 37.1%due to the effects of the different heatwave *** added effects were much lower,with the highest increase of 3.9%(95%CI:1.7%–6.1%)in mortality ***,the elderly,populations with low educational levels,and populations living inland in China were found to be the most vulnerable to the detrimental effects of *** findings have important implications for the improvement of early warning systems for heatwaves.

关键词： Heat Main effect Added effect Mortality Vulnerable population

A geometric interpretation of the transition density of a symmetric Lévy process

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Science China Mathematics 2012年第6期55卷 1099-1126页

作者： JACOB Niels KNOPOVA Victorya LANDWEHR Sandra SCHILLING RenéL. Department of Mathematics Swansea UniversitySingleton ParkSwansea SA28PPUK V.M.Glushkov institute of Cybernetics NAS of Ukraine 03187KievUkraine Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfLeibniz Center for Diabetes ResearchInstitute of Biometrics and EpidemiologyAuf'm Hennekamp 6540225 DüsseldorfGermany Institut für Mathematische Stochastik Technische Universität Dresden01062 DresdenGermany

We study for a class of symmetric Levy processes with state space R^n the transition density pt（x） in terms of two one-parameter families of metrics, （dt）t〉o and （δt）t〉o. The first family of metrics describes the diagonal term pt （0）; it is induced by the characteristic exponent ψ of the Levy process by dr（x, y） = √tψ（x - y）. The second and new family of metrics 6t relates to √tψ through the formula exp（-δ^2t（x,y））=F[e^-tψ/pt（0）]（x-y）,where Y denotes the Fourier transform. Thus we obtain the following ＂Gaussian＂ representation of the tran- sition density： pt（x） = pt（O）e^-δ^2t（x,0） where pt（O） corresponds to a volume term related to √tψ and where an ＂exponential＂ decay is governed by 5t2. This gives a complete and new geometric, intrinsic interpretation of pt（x）.

关键词： transition function estimates Levy processes metric measure spaces heat kernel bounds in-finitely divisible distributions self-reciprocal distributions

Rhizosphere microbial communities associated to rose replant disease:links to plant growth and root metabolites

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Horticulture research 2020年第1期7卷 1031-1046页

作者： B.Yim A.Baumann G.Grunewaldt-Stöcker B.Liu L.Beerhues S.Zühlke M.Sapp J.Nesme S.J.Sørensen K.Smalla T.Winkelmann institute of Horticultural Production Systems Leibniz Universität Hannover30419 HannoverGermany Julius Kühn-Institut(JKI) Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics38104 BraunschweigGermany institute of Pharmaceutical Biology Technische Universität Braunschweig38106 BraunschweigGermany Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology(CCB) Technische Universität Dortmund44227 DortmundGermany Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences(CEPLAS) Institute for Population GeneticsHeinrich Heine University40225 DüsseldorfGermany Section of Microbiology Department of BiologyUniversity of Copenhagen2100 CopenhagenDenmark

Growth depression of Rosa plants at sites previously used to cultivate the same or closely related species is a typical symptom of rose replant disease(RRD).Currently,limited information is available on the causes and the etiology of RRD compared to apple replant disease(ARD).Thus,this study aimed at analyzing growth characteristics,root morphology,and root metabolites,as well as microbial communities in the rhizosphere of the susceptible rootstock Rosa corymbifera‘Laxa’grown in RRD-affected soil from two sites(Heidgraben and Sangerhausen),either untreated or disinfected byγ-*** a greenhouse bioassay,plants developed significantly more biomass in theγ-irradiated than in the untreated soils of both *** plant metabolites detected in ***‘Laxa’roots were site-and *** aloesin was recorded in significantly higher concentrations in untreated than inγ-irradiated soils from Heidgraben,the concentrations of phenylalanine were significantly lower in roots from untreated soil of both *** microbial communities of 8-week-old plants were studied by sequencing of 16S rRNA,ITS,and cox gene fragments amplified from total community *** by microscopic observations,sequences affiliated to the bacterial genus Streptomyces and the fungal genus Nectria were identified as potential causal agents of RRD in the soils *** relative abundance of oomycetes belonging to the genus Pythiogeton showed a negative correlation to the growth of the ***,the RRD symptoms,the effects of soil treatments on the composition of the rhizosphere microbial community revealed striking similarities to findings related to ARD.

关键词： soil roots plant

Affairs happen---to whom？ A study on extrapair paternity in common nightingales

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Current Zoology 2017年第4期63卷 421-431页

作者： Conny LANDGRAF Kerstin WILHELM Jutta WIRTH Michael WEISS Silke KIPPER leibniz institute for Zoo and Wildlife research (IZW) Alfred-Kowalke-StraBe 17 10315 Berlin Germany Animal Behavior Group Free University of Berlin TakustraBe 6 14195 Berlin Germany institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics University of UIm Albert Einstein Allee 11 89069 UIm Germany Behavioural Ecology Group Department of Animal Sciences Wageningen University De Elst 1 6708 WD Wageningen The Netherlands Department of Exposition Unit Epidemiology Statistics and Mathematical Modelling Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany Chair of Zoology School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technische Universitat Munchen LieseI-Beckmann-StraBe 4 85350 Freising Germany

Most birds engage in extrapair copulations despite great differences across and within species. Besides cost and benefit considerations of the two sex environmental factors have been found to alter mating strategies within or between populations and/or over time. For socially monogamous species, the main advantage that females might gain from mating with multiple males is probably increasing their offspring＇s genetic fitness. Since male （genetic） quality is mostly not directly meas- urable for female birds, （extrapair） mate choice is based on male secondary traits. In passerines male song is such a sexual ornament indicating male phenotypic and/or genetic quality and song repertoires seem to affect female mate choice in a number of species. Yet their role in extrapair mating behavior is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the proportion of extrapair paternity （EPP） in a population of common nightingales Luscinia megarhynchos. We found that EPP rate was rather high （21.5% of all offspring tested） for a species without sexual dimorphism and high levels of paternal care. Furthermore, the occurrence of EPP was strongly related to the spatial distribution of male territories with males settling in densely occupied areas having higher proportions of extrapair young within their own brood. Also, song repertoire size affected EPP： here larger repertoires of social mates were negatively related to the probability of being cuck- olded. When directly comparing repertoires sizes of social and extrapair mates, extrapair mates tended to have larger repertoires. We finally discuss our results as a hint for a flexible mating strat- egy in nightingales where several factors--including ecological as well as male song features-- need to be considered when studying reproductive behavior in monogamous species with complex song.

关键词： common nightingale direct fitness extrapair paternity Luscinia megarhynchos repertoire size territorial settlement.

No association between Parkinson disease and autoantibodies against NMDA-type glutamate receptors

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2019年第1期8卷 127-133页

作者： Franziska Hopfner Stefanie HMüller Dagmar Steppat Joanna Miller Nele Schmidt Klaus-Peter Wandinger Frank Leypoldt Daniela Berg Andre Franke Wolfgang Lieb Lukas Tittmann Monika Balzer-Geldsetzer Simon Baudrexel Richard Dodel Ruediger Hilker-Roggendorf Elke Kalbe Jan Kassubek Thomas Klockgether Inga Liepelt-Scarfone Brit Mollenhauer Petra Neuser Kathrin Reetz Oliver Riedel Claudia Schulte Jörg BSchulz Annika Spottke Alexander Storch Claudia Trenkwalder Hans-Ulrich Wittchen Karsten Witt Ullrich Wüllner Günther Deuschl Gregor Kuhlenbäumer Department of Neurology University Hospital Schleswig HolsteinArnold-Heller Str.324105 KielGermany Center of Blood Transfusion University Hospital Schleswig HolsteinKiel&LübeckGermany Department of Clinical Chemistry University Hospital Schleswig-HolsteinKielGermany institute of Clinical Molecular Biology University Hospital Schleswig-HolsteinKielGermany institute of epidemiology University Hospital Schleswig-HolsteinKielGermany Chair of Geriatric Medicine University Hospital EssenEssenGermany Department of Neurology Philipps-University MarburgMarburgGermany Department of Neurology Goethe UniversityFrankfurt/MainGermany Brain Imaging Center Goethe UniversityFrankfurt/MainGermany Department of Medical Psychology|Neuropsychology and Gender Studies&Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention(CeNDI) University Hospital CologneCologneGermany Psychological Gerontology Institute of GerontologyUniversity of VechtaVechtaGermany Department of Neurology University of UlmUlmGermany Department of Neurology University of Bonnand German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases(DZNE)BonnGermany Center for Neurology Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchDepartment of Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany DZNE German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesTübingenGermany Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik KasselGermany institute of Neuropathology and Department of Neurosurgery University Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany Coordinating Centre for Clinical Trials Philipps-UniversityMarburgGermany Department of Neurology RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany JARA-BRAIN institute of Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany leibniz institute for prevention research and epidemiology-bips Achterstrasse 3028359 BremenGermany Department of Neurology Technische Universität Dresden01307 DresdenGermany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases(DZNE) Research Site Rostock18147 RostockGerma

Background:IgG-class autoantibodies to N-Methyl-D-Aspartate(NMDA)-type glutamate receptors define a novel entity of autoimmune *** examining the prevalence of NMDA IgA/IgM antibodies in patients with Parkinson disease with/without dementia produced conflicting *** measured NMDA antibodies in a large,well phenotyped sample of Parkinson patients without and with cognitive impairment(n=296)and controls(n=295)free of neuropsychiatric *** phenotyping and large numbers allowed statistically meaningful correlation of antibody status with diagnostic subgroups as well as quantitative indicators of disease severity and cognitive ***:NMDA antibodies were analysed in the serum of patients and controls using well established validated *** used anti-NMDA antibody positivity as the main independent variable and correlated it with disease status and phenotypic ***:The frequency of NMDA IgA/IgM antibodies was lower in Parkinson patients(13%)than in controls(22%)and higher than in previous studies in both *** IgA/IgM antibodies were neither significantly associated with diagnostic subclasses of Parkinson disease according to cognitive impairment,nor with quantitative indicators of disease severity and cognitive impairment.A positive NMDA antibody status was positively correlated with age in controls but not in Parkinson ***:It is unlikely albeit not impossible that NMDA antibodies play a significant role in the pathogenesis or progression of Parkinson disease *** Parkinson disease with dementia,while NMDA IgG antibodies define a separate disease of its own.

关键词： NMDA antibody NMDA IgA/IgM antibodies Parkinson disease Cognitive impairment

Global parasite and Rattus rodent invasions: The consequences for rodent-borne diseases

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第5期10卷 409-423页

作者： Serge MORAND Frédéric BORDES Hsuan-Wien CHEN Julien CLAUDE Jean-François COSSON Maxime GALAN GáborÁCZIRJÁK Alex D GREENWOOD Alice LATINNE Johan MICHAUX Alexis RIBAS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique(CNRS)-Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement(CIRAD)Animal et Gestion Intégrée des Risques Centre d’Infectiologie Christophe Mérieux du LaosVientianeLao PDR Department of Helminthology Faculty of Tropical MedicineMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique(CNRS)-Universitéde Montpellier-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement(IRD)MontpellierFrance Department of Biological Resources National Chiayi UniversityChiayi CityTaiwanChina Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique(INRA) Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des PopulationsBaillarguetFrance Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique(INRA) UMR Biologie et Immunologie Parasitaire Agence Nationale de SécuritéSanitaire de l’Alimentationde l’Environnement et du Travail sesMaisons-AlfortFrance leibniz institute for Zoo and Wildlife research.Department of Wildlife Diseases 10315 BerlinGermany Conservation Genetics Unit.University of Liège 4000 Liège Belgium Biodiversity research Group Faculty of ScienceUdon Thani Rajabhat UniversityUdon ThaniThailand

We summarize the current knowledge on parasitism-related invasion processes of the globally invasive Rattus lineages,originating from Asia,and how these invasions have impacted the local epidemiology of rodent-borne *** play an important role in the invasion processes and successes of their hosts through multiple biological mechanisms such as“parasite release,”“immunocompetence advantage,”“biotic resistance”and“novel weapon.”Parasites may also greatly increase the impact of invasions by spillover of parasites and other pathogens,introduced with invasive hosts,into new hosts,potentially leading to novel emerging *** potential impact is the ability of the invader to amplify local parasites by *** both cases,local fauna and humans may be exposed to new health risks,which may decrease biodiversity and potentially cause increases in human morbidity and *** we review the current knowledge on these processes and propose some research priorities.

关键词： biological invasion immunocompetence parasite release spillback spillover