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Governance of noncommunicable diseases in Afghanistan

Chronic Diseases and Translational medicine 2024年第3期10卷 238-246页

作者： Narges Neyazi Ali M.Mosadeghrad Maryam Tajvar Najibullah Safi International Campus School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Department of Health System Development World Health OrganizationAfghanistan Department of Health Management Policy and EconomicsSchool of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran

Background Noncommunicable diseases(NCDs)are the main reasons of mortality *** of every two person is dying due to NCDs in *** policy actors,mainly the World Health organization(WHO),published several reports and declarations on controlling and preventing *** study aimed to provide a situation for governance of NCDs in Afghanistan and proper solutions for identified *** We conducted qualitative research utilizing interpretive phenomenology.A self-developed questionnaire was developed to conduct the semi-structured interviews with 39 experts from *** results were analyzed using a deductive framework *** building block framework of health system developed by the WHO was used as predefined framework for this *** The governance building block of health system consists of five subthemes including policy making,planning,organizing,stewardship,and *** identified main strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and challenges for these *** experts also provided key recommendations to address the *** Management of NCDs is a neglected part of the health system in *** evidence-based policy making with technical and indigenous planning,establishing responsive units with adequate financial and human resources within different ministries to address“health in all policies”concept,passing and implementing national laws and regulations to support national strategies for prevention and control of NCDs,and establishing decentralized monitoring systems to control the implementation of these strategies are the main recommendations of this *** government and international policy actors should invest and support the development of a multisectoral coordination system at national level for Afghanistan.

关键词： governance health in all policies health system multisectoral coordination noncommunicable diseases

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Examination of the Effective Factors on the Multiple Sclerosis Diseases

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Open Journal of Internal medicine 2024年第2期14卷 213-227页

作者： Rakeeh Ghaderi Azam Alikhademi Sampad organization Farzanegan High School Tehran Iran Faculty of Foreign Language Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran

This study was an attempt to examine the effective factors of the Multiple Sclerosis diseases. The participants of the study were selected from among a total number of 45 men and women who were treated in a health center in Azarbayegan and Damavand in iran. In order to study, the researchers applied various procedures to collect the data of the study. The participants were interviewed and filled out the questionnaires. After categorizing and classifying the collected information and data, it was processed and analyzed and the results are found. To test the research questions, a one-sample T-test was used to analyze the data. The role of hypo vitamin D as a possible risk factor for multiple sclerosis was reviewed. First, it was emphasized that hypo vitamin could be only one of the risk factors for multiple sclerosis and that numerous other environmental and genetic risk factors appear to interact and combine to trigger the disease. The main aim of this study was to examine the effective factors of Multiple Sclerosis diseases. The methodology of this research was to test the research questions;one-sample T-test was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study revealed that the factors of gender, cold weather, vitamin D deficiency, and age (between 30 - 59) were effective on the Multiple Sclerosis diseases.

关键词： Multiple Sclerosis Disease Effective Factors

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Diagnosis of choroid plexus papilloma: Current perspectives and future directions

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Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy 2024年第3期2卷 173-179页

作者： Esma'il Akade Fereshteh Aslani Kimia Verdi Mohammad Bahadoram Gholam Abbas Kaydani Department of Medical Virology School of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvaz ***Iran Department of Laboratory Sciences School of Allied Medical SciencesAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvaz ***Iran Department of Physiology School of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvaz ***Iran Department of Neurology School of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvaz ***Iran

Choroid plexus papilloma(CPP)is a rare,slow-growing,and typically benign brain tumor that predominantly affects *** is characterized by well-defined circular or lobulated masses in the ventricles,leading to symptoms related to increased intracranial pressure and *** diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical presentation,imaging findings,and histological *** World Health organization(WHO)classification categorizes choroid plexus tumors into CPP(Grade Ⅰ),atypical CPP(aCPP,Grade Ⅱ),and choroid plexus carcinoma(CPC,Grade Ⅲ).This article reviewed current diagnostics modalities and explored the emergence of new diagnostic methods for *** on molecular markers and genetic alterations associated with CPP is ongoing,and some potential markers have been *** results offered insights into potential therapeutic targets and personalized treatment approaches for *** in radiomics and liquid biopsy hold promise for improving diagnostic accuracy and monitoring treatment outcomes for choroid plexus *** can provide quantitative data from imaging studies,whereas liquid biopsy can analyze tumor-derived genetic material and molecular markers from body fluids,such as cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)and *** rapidly evolving fields of molecular and genetic research and novel diagnostic methods require continuous updates and advancements before their application in clinical *** hope that these advancements will lead to earlier and more precise diagnoses,better treatment options,and improved outcomes in patients with CPP and other brain tumors.

关键词： Cerebral ventricle neoplasms Biomarkers Neuroimaging Translational research Histopathological features

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Epidemiologic study of traffic crash mortality among motorcycle users in iran(2011-2017)

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2020年第4期23卷 219-223页

作者： Abdolrazagh Barzegar Masoud Ghadipasha Mehdi Forouzesh Samira Valiyari Ali Khademi legal medicine Research Center Legal Medicine OrganizationTehranIran

Purpose:Motorcycle accident is a major cause of road traffic injuries and the motorcyclists are consid ered as vulnerable road *** present study aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of fatal motorcycle crashes in ***:In this cross-sectional study,a total of 28,356 motorcycle traffic fatalities registered in the legal medicine organization of iran were analyzed during the period between March 2011 and March *** examined variables included demographic characteristics,helmet use,crash mechanisms,crash location,position state,type of counterpart vehicle,cause of death and place of *** the study,road traffic mortalities involving drivers and/or passenger of motorcycles were *** or events registered without these conditions were excluded from the *** analyse the data,SPSS statistics 25 and GraphPad Prism 8 softwares were ***:Of the 122,682 fatal traffic injury cases,28,356(23.1%)were motorcycle users,of whom 95.3%were male and 4.7%were *** of the motorcycle fatalities belonged to the age group of 18-24 years(29.1%).Head trauma was the major cause of death(59.0%).Also,the overall proportion of safety helmet use among motorcycle crash victims was estimated at 37.4%.Most of the road traffic crash cases(46.8%)happened out of city and half of people(49.9%)died in *** 77.4%of the victims were motorcycle riders and 21.1%were pillion *** highest rate of mortality belonged to the selfemployed(38.4g)and then workers(21.8%)and students(10.2%).In addition,most fatalities occurred in people with low education(77.5%)and the least occurred in university graduates(5.5%).Among 31 provinces of iran,Fars had the highest(9.3%)occurrence rate and Kohgiluyeh and Buyer-Ahmad had the lowest(0.5%).Most of the crash mechanisms were due to motorcycle-vehicle crashes(80.2%),followed by rollover(9.8%).Conclusion:Comprehensive public education and special rules are needed to reduce the rate of deaths in m

关键词： Road traffic injuries Epidemiological Motorcycle Mortality iran

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Analysis and identification of the hidden relationships between effective factors in the mortality rate caused by road accidents: A case study of Fars Province, iran

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2019年第4期22卷 233-239页

作者： Saeed Lotfi Ali Reza Honarvar Saeid Gholamzadeh Department of Information Technology and Computer Engineering Safashahr Branch Islamic Azad University Safashahr Iran legal medicine Research Center Legal Medicine Organization Tehran Iran

Purpose: An analysis and identification of the hidden relationships between effective factors in the mortality rate caused by road accidents in Fars Province of iran to prevent and reduce traffic accidents in the future. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to integrate all the pervious researches performed on mortality rate of road traffic accidents in Fars Province from March 21,2013 to March 20,2017. In order to reveal the relationships between the factors affecting mortality rates of road traffic accidents, the data regarding road traffic accidents extracted from resources such as legal medicine organization, Traffic Police, Accident & Emergency Department, as well as Department of Roads and Urban Development of Fars Province, then cleaned and the applicable attributes embedded in the data all aggregated for further analysis. It should be noted that the data not related to Fars Province were deleted, the data analyzed, converted and the aggregation between various attributes identified. The aggregation between these different attributes as well as the FP-growth algorithm and two indexes of support and confidence calculated and interesting and effective rules extracted. In the end, several accident-p「ovoking factors, the degree of consecutive and interdepende nee of each one in road accide nts identified and in traduced. The statistical analysis was conducted by using Rapid Miner software. Results: Of the 6216 people dead due to road traffic accidents, 4865 (79.02%) were male and 1292 (20.98%) were female, 59 of them have no clear gender. The largest portion of people died of road traffic accidents belonged to married and self-employed men who collided with motorcycles in autumn. Moreover, young individuals (aged 19-40 years) w让h secondary educational level who died of accidents in summer at 12:00 a.m. and then 5:00 p.m. in outer city main roads of Kazerun-Shiraz, then Darab- Shiraz, Fasa-Darab and in within-city main streets had the highest mortalit

关键词： Road traffic accidents Mortality Vehicle Fars province iran

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Psychotropic drug abuse in pregnancy and its impact on child neurodevelopment:A review

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2022年第1期11卷 1-13页

作者： Afshar Etemadi-Aleagha Maryam Akhgari Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran legal medicine Research Center Legal Medicine OrganizationTehran ***Iran

Substance abuse by women of child-bearing age and fetal in utero drug exposure has increased in the number of infants born with health *** exposure to psychoactive substances can lead to neurological and neurodevelopmental deficits later in *** data concerning the effects of psychoactive drugs on fetal neurodevelopmental status are *** the neurodevelopmental consequences of prenatally drug-exposed children has become a pressing global *** aim of this review is to gather current evidence and information on neurodevelopmental outcomes of in utero drug exposure.A literature search was performed on the PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar databases using the terms“psychotropic drugs”,“neurodevelopmental consequences”,“prenatal drug exposure”,and“pregnancy”.Available studies on in utero drug exposure were reviewed and found to support the idea that some degree of health issues are present in fetuses and *** psychoactive substances have profound neurodevelopmental consequences,such as structural brain changes,poor attention span,Down syndrome,attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,autism spectrum disorder,imbalances in neurotransmitter levels,and many structural *** pervasive use of psychoactive drugs in women of child-bearing age is an important health *** scientific efforts are needed to investigate the effect of prenatal exposure to psychoactive drugs on children.

关键词： Psychotropic drugs Pregnancy Prenatal substance exposure Brain Neurodevelopmental outcomes Fetus

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Burden of traffic accidents among pedestrians of Fars province, southern iran; estimate of years of life lost in a sample of iranian population from 2009 to 2013

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2017年第5期20卷 259-263页

作者： Yaser Sarikhani Seyed Taghi Heydari Saeed Gholamzadeh Maryam Mazloom Payam Peymani Kamran Bagheri Lankarani Ahmad Kalateh Sadati Reza Tabrizi Maryam Akbari ahrom University of Meclical Sciences Jahrom Iran Health Policy Research Center Institute of Health Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran legal medicine Research Center Legal Medicine Organization Tehran Iran Department of Sociology Yazd University Yazd Iran

Purpose： Traffic injuries are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Pedestrians have been considered as a high-risk group among road users, especially in middle- or low-income communities. This study attempted to determine the burden of pedestrians＇ fatalities in Fars, the southern province of iran using years of life lost （YLL） approach. Methods： The data used in this study were retrieved from Fars Forensic medicine organization database on pedestrian traffic accidents. The YLL from 2009 to 2013 was estimated using the method presented by World Health organization. Some epidemiological characteristics of pedestrians＇ fatalities were analyzed by SPSS. Results： Although YLL among 1000 male pedestrians decreased from 2.5 in 2009 to 1.5 in 2013, it increased from 0.9 to 2.1 among 1000 females during the same period. Higher proportion of death was found in female, illiterate, and married pedestrians {p 〈 0.001 ）. In addition, mortality was higher in pedestrians living the cities, during daytime, at home, and in hospitals （p 〈 0.001 ）. Conclusion： Consistent with the global trends, burden of pedestrian accidents in Fats was also excep- tionally high. Considering the national and cultural aspects of different countries, improving the safety of pedestrians demands a multi-dimensional approach with interventional factors concerning policies, rules, pedestrians, motor vehicles and environmental conditions taken into consideration.

关键词： Accidents traffic Pedestrians Burden of disease Years of potential life lost

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Prevalence and characteristics of gallstone disease in an iranian population:a study on cadavers

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2007年第5期6卷 509-512页

作者： Esmaail Farzaneh Hassan Tofighi Zavvareh Jaber Gharadaghi Mehrdad Sheikhvatan legal medicine Tehran Legal Medicine CenterMedical Sciences/Tehran UniversityTehranIran Medical Sciences/University ofTehran TehranIran

BACKGROUND:The prevalence of gallstones is low in *** iran,many factors influence the prevalence of this *** aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of gallbladder stones and their chemical characteristics in a population by the study of cadavers. METHODS:In this cross-sectional study,autopsies were performed on 253 cadavers of more than 13 years *** cadavers were studied to determine the number,location of stone formation,chemical composition,dry weight,and mean diameter of stones in the gallbladder and common bile duct. RESULTS:The prevalence of gallstone disease in these cadavers was 6.3%(men 4.7%,women 8.6%,not significantly different,P=0.216).There was a positive relationship between the age and prevalence of gallstone disease(P=0.033).The most common stone compositions were cholesterol and *** mean diameter (P=0.0058)and dry weight(P<0.0001)of stones were higher in the gallbladder than in the common bile duct. Positive relations between the amount of oxalate and mean diameter,and between the amount of oxalate and mean dry weight of gallstones were found,but the relationship between the amount of cholesterol and mean diameter was inverse. CONCLUSIONS:The prevalence of gallstones differed among age *** and dry weight of gallstones were dependent on location of stone formation and chemical composition.

关键词： gallstone gallbladder common bile duct prevalence cadavers

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Trend of blood lactate level in acute aluminum phosphide poisoning

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World Journal of Emergency medicine 2017年第2期8卷 116-120页

作者： Peyman Erfantalab Kambiz Soltaninejad Shahin Shadnia Nasim Zamani Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam Arezou Mahdavinejad Behrooz Hashemi Damaneh Toxicological Research Center Excellent Center of Clinical ToxicologyDepartment of Clinical ToxicologyLoghman Hakim HospitalSchool of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Department of Forensic Toxicology Legal Medicine Research CenterLegal Medicine OrganizationTehranIran

BACKGROUND: Aluminum phosphide(Al P) poisoning is common in the developing countries. There is no specifi c antidote for the treatment of acute Al P poisoning. Early diagnosis of poisoning and outcome predictors may facilitate treatment decisions. The objective of this study was to determine the trend of blood lactate level in acute Al P poisoning to evaluate its role as a prognostic ***: This was a prospective study on acute Al P intoxicated patients during one year. Demographic data, clinical and laboratory data on admission, and outcome were recorded in a selfmade questionnaire. Blood lactate levels were analyzed every two hours for 24 ***: Thirty-nine(27 male, 12 female) patients were included in the study. The mortality rate was 38.5%. The mean blood pressure, pulse rate, blood p H and serum bicarbonate level were significantly different between the survivors and non-survivors groups. Blood lactate level was signifi cantly higher in the non-survivors group during 8 to 16 hours post ***: Blood lactate level could be used as an index of severity of acute Al P poisoning.

关键词： Aluminum phosphide Poisoning Blood lactate Prognostic factor

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Comparison of liquid-liquid extraction-thin layer chromatography with solid-phase extraction-high-performance thin layer chromatography in detection of urinary morphine

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2011年第5期25卷 362-367页

作者： Ali Ahadi Alireza Partoazar Mohammad Hassan Abedi Khorasgani Seyed Vahid Shetab Boushehri Department of Physiology School of MedicineTehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Pharmacology School of MedicineTehran University of Medical Sciences legal medicine organization of iran iran Department of Medical Nanotechnology School of MedicineTehran University of Medical Sciences

Liquid-liquid extraction-thin layer chromatography （LLE-TLC） has been a common and routine combined method for detection of drugs in biological materials. Solid-phase extraction （SPE） is gradually replacing the tra- ditional LLE method. High performance thin layer chromatography （HPTLC） has several advantages over TLC. The present work studied the higher efficiency of a new SPE-HPTLC method over that of a routine LLE-TLC method, in extraction and detection of urinary morphine. Fifty-eight urine samples, primarily identified as mor- phine-positive samples by a strip test, ＇were re-screened by LLE-TLC and SPE-HPTLC. The results of LLE-TLC and SPE-HPTLC were then compared with each other. The results showed that the SPE-HPTLC detected 74% of total samples as morphine-positive samples whereas the LLE-TLC detected 48% of the same samples. We further discussed the effect of codeine abuse on TLC analysis of urinary morphine. Regarding the importance of morphine detection in urine, the present combined SPE-HPTLC method is suggested as a replacement method for detection of urinary morphine by many reference laboratories.

关键词： morphine detection liquid-liquid extraction thin-layer chromatography solid-phase extraction highperformance thin layer chromatography

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