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Late Eocene sclerophyllous oak from Markam Basin, Tibet, and its biogeographic implications

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Science China Earth sciences 2021年第11期64卷 1969-1981页

作者： Linlin CHEN Weiyudong DENG Tao SU Shufeng LI Zhekun ZHOU Key laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303China Key laboratory of biodiversity and biogeography Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650204China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Center of plant Ecology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303China

Sclerophyllous evergreen broad-leaved forests,mainly made up of sclerophyllous oak,Quercus section Heterobalanus(Øerst.)Menitsky,Fagaceae,represent the most typical forest type in the Hengduan *** distribution pattern is closely related to the growth and formation of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP).The oldest fossil record of Quercus *** so far discovered is from the middle Miocene of the Gazhacun Formation in Namling County,southern ***,our recent discovery of leaf fossils from the upper Eocene of Lawula Formation in Markam Basin,southeastern Tibet,illustrates that their origin is nearly 20 Myr older than previously *** integrating the results from geometric morphometrics,geographical range expansion,and ecological niche shifts of this section in what is now the QTP and the Hengduan Mountains,we infer that the leaves of Quercus *** were already adapted to cool and dry conditions in some local regions no later than in the late ***,with the growth of the QTP and late Cenozoic global cooling,the expansion of cooler and drier habitats benefited the spread and development of this section and their leaves exhibited morphological stasis through stabilizing *** on published fossil records and recent discoveries,we argue that Quercus *** appeared in the subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests of the southeastern margin of what is now the QTP no later than in the late *** taxa spread westwards along the Gangdese Mountains and later the Himalaya,and others spread eastwards and southeastwards,gradually becoming a dominant group of species in the Hengduan *** dispersal route is contrary to the previous“northwards hypothesis”of this section,and further supports the hypothesis of an East Asian origin for Quercus section Ilex Loudon.

关键词： Quercus section Heterobalanus Cenozoic Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Geometric Morphometrics Morphological Evolutionary Stasis biogeography

Factors acting on the distribution region of Carlemanniaceae:Rainfall,temperatureand the plants' biological characteristics

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chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第A2期52卷 244-250页

作者： YANG Xue LU ShuGang ZHANG YiPing PENG Hua HOU SiMing institute of Ecology and Geobotany Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China Key laboratory of biodiversity and biogeography Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla 666303 China

在东亚和热带亚洲的家庭 Carlemanniaceae，包括二个类， Carlemannia 和 Silvianthus，主要沿着 Himalaya 山的南部的脚和云南高原的西方、南部的接口被散布。为 Carlemannia 四角形的主要繁殖过程一被授粉实验在这个工作作为自花受粉... 详细信息

在东亚和热带亚洲的家庭 Carlemanniaceae，包括二个类， Carlemannia 和 Silvianthus，主要沿着 Himalaya 山的南部的脚和云南高原的西方、南部的接口被散布。为 Carlemannia 四角形的主要繁殖过程一被授粉实验在这个工作作为自花受粉验证。为两 C 的种子的萌芽率。当种子在二个月以后是镇定的时， and Silvianthus bracteatus 能百分之百到达的四角形，当率减少了到 25% 时当收集发生在上一年时。种子没有休眠阶段，这被发现，并且他们的种子银行具有短暂土壤类型。在地观察，为水果的裂开地位证明他们的种子不能被囊为疏开有效地逐出。在从年分析温度和降雨数据以后 1971～2000 ，它被看那年度降雨，最低吝啬的月刊一年里的温度，和在一个月内的极端最低温度在 Carlemanniaceae 的分发范围上有大效果，当吝啬的年度温度有更小的效果时。Carlemanniaceae 的狭窄的分发范围被多重因素影响，例如短花粉疏开距离和短暂土壤种子银行。Carlemanniaceae 的人口尺寸被降雨的水平，不是由任何单个变量容易也影响。

关键词：生物学特征植物分配模式降雨量

Borofutus, a new genus of Boletaceae from tropical Asia: phylogeny, morphology and taxonomy

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第1期58卷 215-226页

作者： Md.Iqbal Hosen Bang Feng Gang Wu Xue Tai Zhu Yan Chun Li Zhu L.Yang Key laboratory of biodiversity and biogeography Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

A new monotypic genus in the Boletaceae,Borofutus,typified by ***,is described using morphological and molecular *** is a putatively ectomycorrhizal fungus associated with Shorea *** is characterized by the combination of the following characters:basidiomata small to medium-sized;pileus grayish brown to cocoa brown;hymenophore subdecurrent,cream then golden brown,with broad,nearly hexagonal pores;basidiospores purple to purplish red in H2O,ornamented with irregular to regular shallow pits;cystidia lageniform,*** is sister to Spongiforma in molecular phylogenetic analyses using DNA nucleotide sequences of single or multiple loci.A description,line drawings,phylogenetic placement and comparison with allied taxa are presented herein.

关键词： Boletes Dipterocarpaceae Multiple gene analysis New fungal taxon

Pollen Morphology of Eight Genera of the Subtribe Mutisiinae Less. sensu Bremer （Compositae） from Asia

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2005年第9期47卷 1036-1046页

作者： Na-Na LIN Hong WANG De-Zhu LI Stephen BLACKMORE laboratory of biodiversity and plant biogeography Kunming Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China Graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Edinburgh EH3 5LR Scotland UK

The pollen morphology of 28 species and one variety representing eight genera of the subtribe Mutisiinae Less. sensu Bremer （Compositae） was investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and light microscopy. The pollen grains are usually radically symmetrical, isopolar, and tricolporate. The shape varies from spheroidal to subprolate in equatorial view and is three-lobed circular in polar view. Based on exine sculpturing observed under SEM, the pollen grains can be divided into three types：（i） type Ⅰ, with macrogranulate sculpture; （ii） type Ⅱ, with a finely granulate sculpture; and （iii） type Ⅲ with spiny sculpture. The palynological data showed that the Macroclinidium Maxim. was remarkably distinguished from those of the other seven genera. The variation of pollen characteristics within the Mutisiinae in Asia is little at species level, but it proves some useful information for studying the relationships among genera and it has an important significance in further understanding the evolutionary history of Mutisiinae.

关键词： Asia Compositae Mutisiinae pollen morphology.

The identity of Dinochloa species and enumeration of Melocalamus(Poaceae:Bambusoideae) in China

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plant Diversity 2023年第2期45卷 133-146页

作者： Jing-Xia Liu Zu-Chang Xu Yu-Xiao Zhang Meng-Yuan Zhou De-Zhu Li Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China Yunnan academy of biodiversity Southwest Forestry UniversityKunmingYunnan 650224China CAS Key laboratory for plant Diversity and biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China

Three woody bamboo species collected in Hainan,China in 1940 have been described as Dinochloa based on vegetative ***,the identity of these species has long been in doubt,largely because the vegetative phase in species of Dinochloa is morphologically similar to that in species of Melocalamus,a climbing or scrambling bamboo genus of the paleotropical woody bamboos(Poaceae:Bambusoideae)that consists of about 15 species and one *** determine the phylogenetic affinity of the three Dinochloa species from Hainan,we sampled almost all recognized chinese species of Melocalamus and representative species of Dinochloa as well as other closely related genera,performed molecular phylogenetic analysis,and compared their morphology based on herbarium and fieldwork *** ddRAD data indicate that the three species from Hainan are closely related to Melocalamus,not *** analysis showed that these three species have a climbing habit but do not grow spirally,their culm leaves have smooth bases,and there is a ring of powder and/or tomenta above and below the *** together our findings indicate that the three species from Hainan originally published in Dinochloa should be transferred to Melocalamus,i.e.,Melocalamus orenudus(McClure) ***& ***,Melocalamus puberulus(McClure) *** & ***,and Melocalamus utilis(McClure) *** &***,*** study concludes with an enumeration of chinese species of Melocalamus,with a key to nine recognized species and one variety,and a lectotypification for M. compatiflorus.

关键词： ddRAD Melocalamus orenudus Melocalamus puberulus Melocalamus utilis New combinations Lectotypification

Degeneration of photosynthetic capacity in mixotrophic plants, Chimaphila japonica and Pyrola decorata (Ericaceae)

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plant Diversity 2017年第2期39卷 80-88页

作者： Jiaojun Yu Chaobo Wang Xun Gong Key laboratory for plant Diversity and biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 PR China Yunnan Key laboratory for wild plant Resources Kunming 650201 PR China Key laboratory of Economic plants and Biotechnology Kunming Institute of Botany Kunming PR China

The evolution of photosynthesis is an important feature of mixotrophic *** inferences proposed that mixotrophic taxa tend to retain most genes relating to photosynthetic functions but vary in plastid gene ***,no sequence data are available to test this hypothesis in *** investigate changes in plastid genomes that may result from a transition from autotrophy to mixotrophy,the plastomes of two mixotrophic plants,Pyrola decorata and Chimaphila japonica,were sequenced at Illumina's Genome Analyzer and compared to the published plastome of the autotrophic plant Rhododendron simsii,which also belongs to *** greatest discrepancy between mixotrophic and autotrophic plants was that ndh genes for both *** and *** plastomes have nearly all become *** and *** also retained all genes directly involved in photosynthesis under strong *** calculated rate of nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions and synonymous substitutions of protein-coding genes(dN/dS) showed that substitution rates in shade plants were apparently higher than those in sunlight *** two mixotrophic plastomes were generally very similar to that of non-parasitic plants,although ndh genes were largely *** genes under strong selection were retained in the two mixotrophs,however,with greatly increased substitution *** research is needed to gain a clearer understanding of the evolution of autotrophy and mixotrophy in Ericaceae.

关键词： Chimaphila japonica Pyrola decorata Mixotroph Plastid genome

Using a mega-phylogeny of seed plants to test for non-random patterns of areal-types across the chinese tree of life

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plant Diversity 2016年第6期38卷 283-288页

作者： Rong Li Key laboratory for plant Diversity and biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences

The species composition of plant assemblages can in large part be explained by a long history of biogeographic and evolutionary *** the past decade,botanists and plant ecologists have increasingly sought to quantify phylogenetic signal in ecological traits to help inform their inferences regarding the mechanisms driving plant ***,most studies with a test of phylogenetic signal in the ecological traits have focused on a local scale,while comparatively few studies have been carried out on a regional *** this study,I presented a family-level phylogeny and a genus-level phylogeny that included all families and genera of extant seed plants in China,and use both phylogenies to examine whether areal-types or distribution patterns of families and genera of seed plants are non-randomly distributed across the chinese tree of *** study shows that the areal-types of families and genera of seed plants exhibit significant phylogenetic signal across the family-or genus-level phylogeny of seed plants in China.

关键词： Areal-types biogeography Evolution Flora Phylogenetic signal

Notes on the key role of stenochoric endemic plants in the floristic regionalization of Yunnan

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plant Diversity 2016年第6期38卷 289-294页

作者： Zhenwen Liu Hua Peng Key laboratory for plant Diversity and biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences

With the accumulation and accessibility of information about plant species,it is time to re-evaluate and further divide a global biodiversity hotspot region,Yunnan,located in southwestern *** this study,we combined data on the distribution of 1010 stenochoric endemic seed plants,vegetation constitution,geological history and climate change,and used these to propose a new system of floristic *** identified 11 distinct floristic subregions and 84 floristic provinces within *** work confirmed some views emphasized by Wu Zhengyi that the stenochoric endemic species play a key role in defining floristic provinces;that stenochoric endemic plants with long collection and publication histories are more valuable;that greater attention should be paid to woody plants;and that for Yunnan,a border region,some trans-border distributed elements should be treated cautiously.

关键词： Floristic regionalization Specimen information Stenochoric endemic plants Yunnan

Current progress and future prospects in phylofloristics

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plant Diversity 2018年第4期40卷 141-146页

作者： Rong Li Lishen Qian Hang Sun Key laboratory for plant Diversity and biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

The species composition of regional plant assemblages can in large part be explained by a long history of biogeographical and evolutionary events. Traditional attempts of floristic studies typically focus on the analyses of taxonomic composition, often ignoring the rich context that evolutionary history can provide. In 2014, Swenson and Umafia introduced the term ＇phylofloristics＇ to define a phylogenetically enabled analysis of the species composition of regional floras. Integrating phylogenetic information into tradi- tional floristic analysis can provide a promising way to explore the ecological, biogeographic, and evolutionary processes that drive plant assemblies at multiple spatial scales. In this review, we sum- marize the current progress on the phylogenetic structure, spatial phylogenetic pattern, origin and diversification, phylogenetic regionalization of fioristic assemblages, and application of phylogenetic information in biodiversity conservation. These summaries highlight the importance of incorporating phylogenetic information to improve our understanding of floristic assembly from an evolutionary perspective. The review ends with a brief outlook on future challenges for phylofloristic studies, including generating a highly resolved species-level phylogenetic tree, compiling detailed and refined information regarding the geographic distribution of all plant life, extracting trait information from publications and herbarium specimens, and developing technological and methodological approaches for big data analysis.

关键词： Big data biogeography Ecology Evolution Flora Mega-phylogeny