Late Eocene sclerophyllous oak from Markam Basin, Tibet, and its biogeographic implications

作     者：Linlin CHEN Weiyudong DENG Tao SU Shufeng LI Zhekun ZHOU Linlin CHEN;Weiyudong DENG;Tao SU;Shufeng LI;Zhekun ZHOU

作者机构：Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest EcologyXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303China Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and BiogeographyKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650204China University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Center of Plant EcologyCore Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303China 

出 版 物：《Science China Earth Sciences》 (中国科学（地球科学英文版）)

年 卷 期：2021年第64卷第11期

页      面：1969-1981页

核心收录：

学科分类：070903[理学-古生物学与地层学(含：古人类学)] 0709[理学-地质学] 07[理学] 

基　　金：This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Natural Environment Research Council of the United Kingdom joint research program(Grant Nos.41661134049&NE/P013805/1) the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP),CAS(Grant No.2019QZKK0705) the Yunnan Province Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2019FB061) 

主　　题：Quercus section Heterobalanus Cenozoic Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Geometric Morphometrics Morphological Evolutionary Stasis Biogeography 

摘      要：Sclerophyllous evergreen broad-leaved forests,mainly made up of sclerophyllous oak,Quercus section Heterobalanus(Øerst.)Menitsky,Fagaceae,represent the most typical forest type in the Hengduan *** distribution pattern is closely related to the growth and formation of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP).The oldest fossil record of Quercus *** so far discovered is from the middle Miocene of the Gazhacun Formation in Namling County,southern ***,our recent discovery of leaf fossils from the upper Eocene of Lawula Formation in Markam Basin,southeastern Tibet,illustrates that their origin is nearly 20 Myr older than previously *** integrating the results from geometric morphometrics,geographical range expansion,and ecological niche shifts of this section in what is now the QTP and the Hengduan Mountains,we infer that the leaves of Quercus *** were already adapted to cool and dry conditions in some local regions no later than in the late ***,with the growth of the QTP and late Cenozoic global cooling,the expansion of cooler and drier habitats benefited the spread and development of this section and their leaves exhibited morphological stasis through stabilizing *** on published fossil records and recent discoveries,we argue that Quercus *** appeared in the subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests of the southeastern margin of what is now the QTP no later than in the late *** taxa spread westwards along the Gangdese Mountains and later the Himalaya,and others spread eastwards and southeastwards,gradually becoming a dominant group of species in the Hengduan *** dispersal route is contrary to the previous“northwards hypothesisof this section,and further supports the hypothesis of an East Asian origin for Quercus section Ilex Loudon.