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Dietary fibre effects and the interplay with exogenous carbohydrases in poultry nutrition

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 231-240页

作者： Michael R.Bedford Birger Svihus Aaron J.Cowieson AB Vista Feed Ingredients Ltd Norwegian University of Life Sciences DSM nutritional Products

A comprehensive understanding of the role of dietary fibre in non-ruminant animal production is elusive. Equivocal and conflated definitions of fibre coupled with significant analytical complexity,interact with poorly defined host and microbiome relationships. Dietary fibre is known to influence gut development, feed intake and passage rate, nutrient absorption, microbiome taxonomy and function, gut p H, endogenous nutrient loss, environmental sustainability, animal welfare and more. Whilst significant gaps persist in our understanding of fibre in non-ruminant animal production, there is substantial interest in optimizing the fibre fraction of feed to induce high value phenotypes such as improved welfare,live performance and to reduce the environmental footprint of animal production systems. In order to achieve these aspirational goals, it is important to tackle dietary fibre with the same level of scrutiny as is currently done for other critical nutrient classes such as protein, minerals and vitamins. The chemical,mechanical and nutritional role of fibre must be explored at the level of monomeric sugars, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides of varying molecular weight and decoration, and this must be in parallel to standardisation of analytical tools and definitions for speciation. To further complicate subject, exogenous carbohydrases recognise dietary fibre as a focal substrate and have varying capacity to generate lower molecular weight carbohydrates that interact differentially with the host and the enteric microbiome. This short review article will explore the interactive space between dietary fibre and exogenous carbohydrases and will include their nutritional and health effects with emphasis on functional development of the gut, microbiome modulation and host metabolism.

关键词： Fibre Carbohydrase Nutrition Microbiome Gastro-intestinal development Feed

Cyanidin 3-O-β-galactoside from black chokeberry exerts neuroprotective effects in mice fed with high-fat/high-sugar diet through regulating glucose metabolism

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Zhuoyan Fan Xiaoyu Liu Wentao Gao Lei Zhang Xinquan Yang Jingming Li College of Food Science and nutritional Engineering， China Agricultural University Clinical laboratory Center of Medicine， Zhongshan People's Hospital

Unhealthy diets are associated with various diseases that can disrupt brain energy metabolism， which significantly increased the risk of cognitive impairment and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Early intervention with nutritional supplements may have long-lasting positive effects on diet-related glucose metabolism and potentially mediate the progression of neurodegeneration in middle-aged and elderly people. We previously reported that cyanidin 3-O-β-galactoside (Cy3Gal)， an anthocyanin from black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott)， alleviated cognitive impairment in aging mice through regulating brain energy metabolism. However， it remains unclear whether Cy3Gal can also exert beneficial effects in mice fed with a high-fat/high-sugar diet. Here we revealed that Cy3Gal treatment conserved the health of neurons and synapses， as well as cognitive function of mice. Furthermore， we observed that Cy3Gal effectively improved glucose uptake and metabolism of skeletal muscle by enhancing glycolysis both in vivo and in vitro models， which is essential for maintaining a stable glucose supply to the brain. Additionally， Cy3Gal significantly increased the levels of glucose-derived tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates in the mice brain (P < 0.05)， and regulated the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes (P < 0.01). The positive influence on peripheral and brain bioenergetics explained how the Cy3Gal exerted neuroprotective effect. In conclusion， our study illustrated that early dietary intervention of Cy3Gal had significant advantages in terms of neuroprotection and cognition under the challenge of HFHS diet-induced glucose metabolism disorder.

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Diarrhea induced by insufficient fat absorption in weaned piglets:Causes and nutrition regulation

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 299-305页

作者： Yuying Li Pengjun Shi Kang Yao Qian Lin Mansheng Wang Zhenping Hou Wenjie Tang Hui Diao Institute of Bast Fiber Crops Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process Animal Breeding and Genetics Key laboratory of Sichuan Province Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Animal Science Academy Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd

Fat is one of the three macronutrients and a significant energy source for piglets. It plays a positive role in maintaining intestinal health and improving production performance. During the weaning period,physiological, stress and diet-related factors influence the absorption of fat in piglets, leading to damage to the intestinal barrier, diarrhea and even death. Signaling pathways, such as fatty acid translocase(CD36), pregnane X receptor(PXR), and AMP-dependent protein kinase(AMPK), are responsible for regulating intestinal fat uptake and maintaining intestinal barrier function. Therefore, this review mainly elaborates on the reasons for diarrhea induced by insufficient fat absorption and related signaling pathways in weaned-piglets, with an emphasis on the intestinal fat absorption disorder. Moreover, we focus on introducing nutritional strategies that can promote intestinal fat absorption in piglets with insufficient fat absorption-related diarrhea, such as lipase, amino acids, and probiotics.

关键词： Weaned piglet Diarrhea Fat absorption Nutrient regulation

The foodborne toxin perfringolysin O targets mitochondrial destabilization for NLRP3 inflammasome activation

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Xinyi Wang Ying Ren Bo Wang Beizhong Han Yansong Xue Beijing laboratory for Food Quality and Safety， College of Food Science and nutritional Engineering， China Agricultural University State Key laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding， Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science， College of Animal Science and Technology， China Agricultural University Key laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry)， College of Food Science and nutritional Engineering， China Agricultural University

Foodborne pathogens are the leading causes of human diseases that result in hundreds of thousands of deaths annually. Clostridium perfringens （C. perfringens） is a notorious foodborne pathogen of global significance that is known to produce a large repertoire of toxic factors， several of which can severely destroy the gut lining to lead to abdominal pain， diarrhea， and even death. However， like many other foodborne pathogens， there is no specific treatment for infections caused by C. perfringens and rehydration therapy is largely ineffective at reducing symptoms and preventing transmission. Given this， there is an urgent need to discover new therapeutic targets that can be harnessed to treat C. perfringens infection. We recently discovered that a highly toxic factor produced by C. perfringens named perfringolysin O （PFO） activates the innate immune sensor NLRP3. We characterized that PFO is the specific agonist of NLRP3 inflammasome and mechanistically， the intracellular entrance of PFO is required for active assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome. Further， PFO targets the mitochondria resulting in mitochondrial destabilization and ROS release. Mito-TEMPO scavenging mtROS specifically inhibits the level of caspase-1 p20 and IL-1β in both in vitro and in vivo models. Additionally， 5-hydroxydecanoate （5-HD）， a selective mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) inhibitor， could relieve PFO-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation as well as mitochondrial destabilization， indicating that potassium ion flux is necessary for mitochondrial damage upstream of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We expect that the information gathered from this study will develop insights into features of the immune response that can be targeted for the treatment of food poisoning and other foodborne pathogenic infections.

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Encapsulated ferric pyrophosphate improves intestinal inflammation and gut flora disorder in suckling rats with iron deficiency anemia

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Mengxiao Hu Lili Qiu Rui Song Xiyu Qin Xiaoxue Liu Zidi Tan Rong Liu Xiaoyu Wang College of Food Science & nutritional Engineering， China Agricultural University Key laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality， Department of Nutrition and Health， China Agricultural University Food laboratory of Zhongyuan Luohe

The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia （IDA） remains high in infants， resulting in growth retardation， neurodevelopmental impairment， immunodeficiency and other irreversible injuries. Efficient and safe iron supplementation for infants has been the goal of recent research. This study aims to investigate the effect of encapsulated ferric pyrophosphate （FePP） on intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota in IDA suckling rats. Newborn Sprague Dawley rats were gavaged with low and high doses of FePP and FeSO4（2 and 10 mg Fe/kg BW， respectively） during postnatal days 2-14. Results showed that FePP supplementation was as effective as FeSO4in promoting growth， alleviating anemia and restoring body iron levels. Both low and high doses of FePP could significantly down-regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the colon to the level similar to that in the Ctrl group （P > 0.05）. However， the high dose of FeSO4did not show a down-regulation effect. Compared with the Ctrl group， IDA caused a disturbance of gut microbiota composition in suckling rats， and FePP could restore this dysbiosis. Besides， FePP was more beneficial than FeSO4in increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bacteroides and Akkermansia. Spearman's correlation analysis showed a correlation between gut microbiota and biochemical indicators such as iron status， pro-inflammatory cytokine expression， and oxidative stress level. Overall， these findings suggested that FePP could effectively improve IDA， and is more effective than FeSO4in alleviating intestinal inflammation and regulating gut microbiota， which provides a basis for the application of new iron fortificant in infant formula.

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Trimethylamine oxide supplementation differentially regulates fat deposition in liver, longissimus dorsi muscle and adipose tissue of growing-finishing pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 25-35页

作者： Andong Zha Wanquan Li Jing Wang Ping Bai Ming Qi Peng Liao Bie Tan Yulong Yin laboratory of Animal nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionNational Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry ProductionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Animal Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural University Yunnan Southwest Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Group Co. Ltd.

Trimethylamine oxide(TMAO) is a microbiota-derived metabolite, and numerous studies have shown that it could regulate fat metabolism in humans and mice. However, few studies have focused on the effects of TMAO on fat deposition in growing-finishing pigs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of TMAO on fat deposition and intestinal microbiota in growing-finishing pigs. Sixteen growing pigs were randomly divided into 2 groups and fed with a basal diet with 0 or 1 g/kg TMAO for 149 d. The intestinal microbial profiles, fat deposition indexes, and fatty acid profiles were measured. These results showed that TMAO supplementation had a tendency to decrease lean body mass(P < 0.10) and significantly increased backfat thickness(P < 0.05), but it did not affect growth performance. TMAO significantly increased total protein(TP) concentration, and reduced alkaline phosphatase(ALP) concentration in serum(P < 0.05). TMAO increased the a diversity of the ileal microbiota community(P < 0.05), and it did not affect the colonic microbial community. TMAO supplementation significantly increased acetate content in the ileum, and Proteobacteria and Escherichia-Shigella were significantly enriched in the TMAO group(P < 0.05). In addition, TMAO decreased fat content, as well as the ratio of linoleic acid, n-6polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA), and PUFA in the liver(P < 0.05). On the contrary, TMAO increased intramuscular fat content of the longissimus dorsi muscle, whereas the C18:2n6c ratio was increased,and the n-6 PUFA:PUFA ratio was decreased(P < 0.05). In vitro, 1 mmol/L TMAO treatment significantly upregulated the expression of FASN and SREBP1 in C2C12 cells(P < 0.05). Nevertheless, TMAO also increased adipocyte area and decreased the CPT-1B expression in subcutaneous fat(P < 0.05). Taken together, TMAO supplementation regulated ileal microbial composition and acetate production, and regulated fat distribution and fatty acid composition in growing-finishing pigs. These results

关键词： Growing-finishing pig Trimethylamine oxide Fat deposition Fatty acid composition Intestinal microbiota

Hesperidin ameliorates H_(2)O_(2)-induced bovine mammary epithelial cell oxidative stress via the Nrf2 signaling pathway

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1737-1750页

作者： Qi Huang Jiashuo Liu Can Peng Xuefeng Han Zhiliang Tan CAS Key laboratory for Agro‑Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry ProductionHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125HunanChina State Key laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China

Background Hesperidin is a citrus flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential. However, its protective effects on bovine mammary epithelial cells(b MECs) exposed to oxidative stress have not been *** In this study, we investigated the effects of hesperidin on H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidative stress in b MECs and the underlying molecular mechanism. We found that hesperidin attenuated H_(2)O_(2)-induced cell damage by reducing reactive oxygen species(ROS) and malondialdehyde(MDA) levels, increasing catalase(CAT) activity, and improving cell proliferation and mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, hesperidin activated the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway by inducing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and the expression of its downstream genes NQO1 and HO-1, which are antioxidant enzymes involved in ROS scavenging and cellular redox balance. The protective effects of hesperidin were blocked by the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385, indicating that they were Nrf2 *** Our results suggest that hesperidin could protect b MECs from oxidative stress injury by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, suggesting that hesperidin as a natural antioxidant has positive potential as a feed additive or plant drug to promote the health benefits of bovine mammary.

关键词： Bovine mammary epithelial cell Hesperidin Nrf2 signaling pathway Oxidative stress

Health effects of fruit juices and beverages with varying degrees of processing

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第5期13卷 2456-2479页

作者： Xinyue Zhang Xiaojun Liao Yongtao Wang Lei Rao Liang Zhao National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable ProcessingKey Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal ProcessingMinistry of Agricultural and Rural AffairsCollege of Food Science&Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China

The degree of processing is rarely considered an independent factor in the health effects of fruit juices and beverages(FJBs)*** fact,the consumption of ultra-processed foods has been shown to pose health *** this study,we first integrated 4 systems used to classify the degree of food processing and then classified FJBs into three major categories,low(minimal),moderate and ***,we compared the differences in attitudes towards FJBs in dietary ***,we integrated the results of existing epidemiological surveys,randomized controlled trials,and animal experiments to explore the health risks associated with consuming *** the processing of FJBs has been found to lead to an increased risk of *** pattern,nutrients,addition agents and consumer preferences may be influential ***,we investigated whether there were any changes in the health benefits of 100%fruit juices produced by different processing *** conclusion,minimally/moderately processed 100%fruit juices provide more health benefits than highly processed fruit *** results support the need to consider the extent of FJBs processing in future studies to adjust official nutritional recommendations for beverage consumption.

关键词： Fruit juices and beverages Dietary guidelines Degree of processing Health effects Mechanism

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第9期67卷 1970-1988页

作者： Jiayi Yu Changbing Zheng Qiuping Guo Yulong Yin Yehui Duan Fengna Li CAS Key laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessNational Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry ProductionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Animal Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128China

We previously demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide(LPS)injection-induced immune stress could impair muscle growth in weaned piglets,but the precise mechanisms behind this remain ***,we found that chronic immune stress induced by LPS resulted in a significant reduction of 36.86%in the total muscle mass of piglets at 5 d post-treatment compared with the control *** 1 d,prior to muscle mass loss,multiple alterations were noted in response to LPS *** included a reduction in the abundance of Bacteroidetes,an increase in serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines,compromised mitochondrial morphology,and an upregulation in the expression of dynamin-related protein 1(Drp1),a critical protein involved in mitochondrial *** highlight a strong negative correlation between Bacteroidetes abundance and the levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines,corroborated by in vivo intervention strategies in the musculature of both pig and mouse ***,the effects of Bacteroidetes on inflammation and muscle mass loss may involve the signaling pathway of the tauro-β-muricholic acid-fibroblast growth factor ***,the induction of overexpression of inflammatory cytokines,achieved without LPS treatment through oral administration of recombinant human IL-6(rh IL-6),led to increased levels of circulating cytokines,subsequently causing a decrease in muscle ***,pre-treatment with Mdivi-1,an inhibitor of Drp-1,markedly attenuated the LPS-induced elevation in reactive oxygen species levels and rescued the associated decline in muscle ***,these data indicate that LPS-induced muscle mass loss was linked to the reduction of Bacteroidetes abundance,increased inflammation,and the disruption of mitochondrial *** insights offer promising avenues for the identification of potential therapeutic targets aimed at mitigating muscle mass loss.

关键词： Bacteroidetes inflammation mitochondrial morphology muscle mass loss piglets