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Determination of the standardized ileal digestible calcium requirement of Ross broilers from hatch to day 14 post-hatch

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 122-129页

作者： Carrie L.Walk Raffaella Aureli Pauline Jenn DSM nutritional Products Research Center for Animal Nutrition and Health DSM Nutritional Products

An experiment was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestible (SID) calcium requirement of fast-growing broilers from hatch to d 14 *** 308 (n=360) male broilers were obtained on day of hatch and allocated to 1 of 5 treatments in battery *** were 6 birds per cage and 12 pens per *** treatments were formulated to contain 0.60%,0.46%,0.32% or 0.18% SID *** final treatment was formulated using total Ca to meet or exceed all nutrient requirements,including 0.90% total Ca and 0.49% non-phytate P (nPP),using the same *** treatment was the reference diet for comparison and validation of the SID Ca *** and feed were weighed at placement and on d *** and ileal contents were obtained on d 14 and excreta was collected per pen and pooled on d *** were analyzed using JMP Pro and requirements were estimated using 3different non-linear regression *** the SID Ca content in the diet from 0.18% to 0.60% improved (quadratic,P<0.05) body weight gain and mortality corrected feed conversion ratio (mFCR).The estimated SID Ca requirement to optimize gain or m FCR was between 0.39% and 0.52%.Tibia ash percent and weight increased (quadratic,P<0.05) as SID Ca content in the diet increased and the estimated SID Ca requirement was between 0.32% and 0.58%.Phosphorus utilization was improved in birds fed diets formulated using SID Ca compared with birds fed the reference *** conclusion,the SID Ca requirement of fast-growing broilers from hatch to d 14 was estimated between 0.534% and 0.398% when quadratic,straight-broken line,or quadratic-broken line regressions were *** results agree with previously published data evaluating the SID Ca requirement of fast-growth broilers from hatch to d 10.

关键词： Apparent ileal digestibility Digestible calcium Requirements Retention Tibia ash

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The Meat of the Matter: Plant-Based Meat Analogue versus Traditional Meat Product nutritional Quality

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Arshia Shireen Amanda J Wright Department of Human Health and nutritional Sciences， University of Guelph Guelph， Ontario， Canada bDepartment of Human Health and nutritional Sciences， University of Guelph Guelph， Ontario， Canada

Plant-based meat analogues (PBMA) are formulated to mimic the sensory characteristics of traditional meat products (TMP) using vegetarian ingredients and are increasingly popular with the trend towards plant-based diets， even among meat-eating consumers. This narrative review compared the nutritional quality of PBMA and TMP to broaden the discussion on the suitability of simulated meat products to substitute TMP， while exploring other attributes for their comparison. The complexity of PBMA and TMP means they are not entirely interchangeable. Importantly， PBMA health effects extend beyond their basic nutrient content and quality. Postprandial metabolism and satiety， for example， can be affected by product formulation， ingredient interactions， and thermomechanical processing involved in producing organoleptically acceptable PBMA. There are specific opportunities for low-sodium PBMA products to contribute to a healthy shift toward plant-based diets. In conclusion， PBMA cannot be assumed to be healthier than TMP. They should be designed with comprehensive consideration of composition and processing to ensure they support consumers who are adopting plant-based diets in realizing the theoretical health benefits.

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Processing Effects on Selected Antioxidant Activities and Metabolizing Enzyme Inhibition of M. Koneigii (Curry Leaves) Extracts

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 470-483页

作者： Karthik Medabalimi Rajwinder Kaur Martha Verghese nutritional biochemistry laboratory Department of Food and Animal Sciences Alabama A&M University Huntsville USA.

Curry leaves, scientifically termed Murraya koenigii, are renowned in South Asian cuisine for their flavor enhancement and potential health benefits, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of thermal processing methods on curry leaves by analysing Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), antioxidant activity, and metabolizing enzyme inhibition. Fresh curry leaves were subjected to thermal treatments: Oven-dried at 60˚C and Air-dried at 25˚C for 2 weeks. Extracts were prepared using Ethanol and water solvents. Results indicated that Air-dried leaves exhibited significantly higher TPC (5132.65 mg GAE/100 g) and TFC (243.13 mg CE/100 g) compared to Fresh and Oven-dried leaves. Antioxidant assays show that oven-dried curry leaves at 60˚C displayed higher results in NORS, FRAP, and TEAC assays compared to Fresh and Air-dried leaves. Ethanol extracts showed better extraction of bioactive compounds than aqueous extracts. Moreover, Lipase inhibition activity was notably high, indicating potential health benefits. This study provides valuable insights into the effects of processing methods on curry leaf extracts, emphasizing the importance of solvent selection for optimal extraction of bioactive compounds.

关键词： Murraya Koenigii Curry leaves Antioxidants Phytochemicals Metabolizing Enzymes

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Development of small intestinal barrier function and underlying mechanism in Chinese indigenous and Duroc piglets during suckling and weaning periods

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 429-442页

作者： Sujuan Ding Yating Cheng Md Abul Kalam Azad Qian Zhu Pan Huang Xiangfeng Kong CAS Key laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

This study explored the developmental changes in small intestinal barrier function and the potential regulatory roles of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in different breeds of piglets during suckling and weaning periods. Taoyuan black(TB), Xiangcun black(XB), and Duroc(DR) piglets(10 litters per breed; half male and half female) were selected for sampling to evaluate the intestinal barrier-related indexes and intestinal microbiota and metabolites at 1, 10, 21(weaned), and 24(3 d after weaning)d old. The results showed that weaning led to severe shedding of small intestinal microvilli and sparse microvilli arrangement. D-lactate level in the ileum of TB and XB piglets during suckling and weaning periods was lower(P < 0.01) than that of DR piglets, as well as the ileal diamine oxidase level at 1 d *** expression level of mucin 1 was higher(P < 0.05) in the ileum of TB and XB piglets than that of DR piglets, and it was the highest in the ileum of TB piglets at 21 d old. The expression levels of mucin 2 and mucin 13 were higher(P < 0.10) in TB and XB piglets than those of DR piglets at 21 d old, whereas mucin2 and mucin 13 in the ileum of TB and XB piglets were higher(P < 0.05) than those of DR piglets at 24 d old. TB and XB piglets had a lower relative abundance of Escherichia＿Shigella at 21 and 24 d old, but they had higher Streptococcus at 1 and 24 d old than DR piglets(P < 0.01). Differential metabolites between the three breeds of piglets were mainly related to oxidative phosphorylation, steroid biosynthesis, and bile acid synthesis. Collectively, these findings suggest that different pig breeds present differences in the development of the small intestinal barrier function. Compared with DR piglets, TB and XB piglets had higher intestinal permeability during the suckling period and a stronger intestinal mechanical barrier after weaning. Moreover, intestinal microbiota and metabolites are the key factors for developing small intestinal barrier functions i

关键词： Chinese indigenous piglet Duroc piglet Immune function Intestinal barrier function Weaning stress

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Management of gestational diabetes mellitus via nutritional interventions:The relevance of gastric emptying

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第7期15卷 1394-1397页

作者： Wei-Kun Huang Ryan J Jalleh Christopher K Rayner Tong-Zhi Wu Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating nutritional Science to Good Health The University of AdelaideAdelaide 5000Australia Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating nutritional Science to Good Health The University of Adelaide and Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide 5000Australia

Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)represents one of the most common medical complications of pregnancy and is important to the well-being of both mothers and offspring in the short and long *** intervention remains the mainstay for the management of *** efficacy of nutritional approaches(*** restriction and small frequent meals)to improving the maternal-neonatal outcomes of GDM was attested to by Chinese population data,discussed in two articles in recent issues of this ***,a specific focus on the relevance of postprandial glycaemic control was *** rather than fasting hyperglycaemia often represents the predominant manifestation of disordered glucose homeostasis in Chinese women with *** is now increasing appreciation that the rate of gastric emptying,which controls the delivery of nutrients for digestion and absorption in the small intestine,is a key determinant of postprandial glycaemia in both health,type 1 and 2 *** remains to be established whether gastric emptying is abnormally rapid in GDM,particularly among Chinese women,thus contributing to a predisposition to postprandial hyperglycaemia,and if so,how this influences the therapeutic response to nutritional *** is essential that we understand the role of gastric emptying in the regulation of postprandial glycaemia during pregnancy and the potential for its modulation by nutritional strategies in order to improve postprandial glycaemic control in GDM.

关键词： Gastric emptying Postprandial glycaemia Diet nutritional interventions Gestational diabetes mellitus

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Antihypertensive effects of whey protein hydrolysate involve reshaping the gut microbiome in spontaneously hypertension rats

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 1974-1986页

作者： Peipei Dou Xiaoyi Li Xiaoxiao Zou Kai Wang Lei Yao Zhuo Sun Hui Hong Yongkang Luo Yuqing Tan Key laboratory of Functional Dairy College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Hebei Dongkang Dairy Co. Ltd.Shijiazhuang 052160China

Novel angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory peptides were identified from whey protein hydrolysates(WPH)in vitro in our previous study and the antihypertensive abilities of WPH in vivo were further investigated in the current *** indicated that WPH significantly inhibited the development of high blood pressure and tissue injuries caused by *** inhibited ACE activity(20.81%,P<0.01),and reduced renin concentration(P<0.05),thereby reducing systolic blood pressure(SBP)(12.63%,P<0.05)in spontaneously hypertensive *** increased Akkermansia,Bacteroides,and Lactobacillus abundance promoted high short chain fatty acid content in feces after WPH *** changes jointly contributed to low blood *** heart weight and cardiomyocyte injuries(hypertrophy and degeneration)were alleviated by *** proteomic results revealed that 19 protein expressions in the heart mainly associated with the wingless/integrated(Wnt)signaling pathway and Apelin signaling pathway were altered after WPH ***,WPH alleviated serum oxidative stress,indicated by the decreased malondialdehyde content(P<0.01),enhanced total antioxidant capacity(P<0.01)and superoxide dismutase activity(P<0.01).The current study suggests that WPH exhibit promising antihypertensive abilities in vivo and could be a potential alternative for antihypertensive dietary supplements.

关键词： Whey protein hydrolysate Antihypertension Short chain fatty acids Gut microbiome

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Modifications in aroma characteristics of'Merlot'dry red wines aged in American,French and Slovakian oak barrels with different toasting degrees

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第1期13卷 381-391页

作者： Haocheng Lu Binhao Cheng Yibin Lan Changqing Duan Fei He Center for Viticulture and Enology College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Key laboratory of Viticulture and Enology Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100083China

Aging in oak barrels is widely used in enology which could bring flavor changes and aromatic complexity to *** the present study,the aroma compounds were analyzed from the‘Merlot’dry red wines,which were fermented in two types of fermenters(stainless steel tank and rotated oak barrel)and aged in six types of oak barrels(three geographic origins×two toasting degrees)for different time(0,3,6 and 9 months,respectively).Results showed that 30 volatiles were associated with barrels and increased during oak *** fermenters could influence the intensities of the toast,leathery,smoky,fruity,floral and caramel *** concentration of whisky lactone,eugenol,cis-isoeugenol,and the intensities of the toast and spicy aromas were highest in the wines aged in American oak and were lowest in the wines aged in French oak *** concentrations of guaiacol,syringol,trans-isoeugenol,furfural alcohol,vanilla,cis-whisky lactone enabled the medium toasting barrels to be distinguished from the light toasting *** compounds originating from the barrels could be used to distinguish the types of different barrels,but the other general grape-derived and fermentation-derived volatiles could *** fermenters,oak species and toasting degrees of the barrels all had significant effects on the aroma profiles of the aged‘Merlot’dry red wines,but the influence of the geographic origin was not obvious.

关键词： Wine Aroma Oak Barrel Oak species Toasting degrees Geographic origin Aging

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Construction of an engineered Escherichia coli for effective synthesis of 2'-fucosyllactose via the salvage pathway

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2024年第1期9卷 108-114页

作者： Shanquan Liang Zi He Dan Liu Shaoqing Yang Qiaojuan Yan Zhengqiang Jiang College of Food Science and nutritional Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing100083China Food laboratory of Zhongyuan Luohe462300HenanChina College of Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing100083China

2'-Fucosyllactose(2'-FL)is one of the important functional oligosaccharides in breast *** far,few attempts on biosynthesis of 2'-FL by the salvage pathway have been ***,the salvage pathway enzyme genes were introduced into the *** BL21star(DE3)for synthesis of 2'-*** 2'-FL titer increased from 1.56 to 2.13 g/L by deleting several endogenous genes on competitive ***α-1,2-fucosyltransferase(WbgL)was selected,and improved the 2'-FL titer to 2.88 g/***,the expression level of pathway enzyme genes was tuned through optimizing the plasmid copy ***,the spatial distribution of WbgL was enhanced by fusing with the MinD *** optimizing the fermentation conditions,the 2'-FL titer reached to 7.13 g/*** final strain produced 59.22 g/L of 2'-FL with 95%molar conversion rate of lactose and 92% molar conversion rate of fucose in a 5 L *** findings will contribute to construct a highly efficient microbial cell factory to produce 2'-FL or other HMOs.

关键词： 2'-fucosyllactose Human milk oligosaccharides Escherichia coli Fed-batch fermentation Salvage pathway

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Transcriptome analysis of adipose tissue and muscle of Laiwu and Duroc pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 134-143页

作者： Jie Wu Fangyuan Yu Zhaoyang Di Liwen Bian Jie Yang Lina Wang Qingyan Jiang Yulong Yin Lin Zhang National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding IndustryGuangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition ControlCollege of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural University Key laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of Sciences

Fat content is an important trait in pig production. Adipose tissue and muscle are important sites for fat deposition and affect production efficiency and quality. To regulate the fat content in these tissues, we need to understand the mechanisms behind fat deposition. Laiwu pigs, a Chinese indigenous breed, have significantly higher fat content in both adipose tissue and muscle than commercial breeds such as *** this study, we analyzed the transcriptomes in adipose tissue and muscle of 21-d-old Laiwu and Duroc piglets. Results showed that there were 828 and 671 differentially expressed genes(DEG) in subcutaneous adipose tissue(SAT) and visceral adipose tissue(VAT), respectively. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these DEG were enriched in metabolic pathways, especially carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Additionally, in the longissimus muscle(LM) and psoas muscle(PM), 312 and 335 DEG were identified, demonstrating enrichment in the cell cycle and metabolic pathways. The protein-protein interaction(PPI) networks of these DEG were analyzed and potential hub genes were identified, such as FBP1 and SCD in adipose tissues and RRM2 and GADL1 in muscles. Meanwhile, results showed that there were common DEG between adipose tissue and muscle, such as LDHB, THRSP, and DGAT2. These findings showed that there are significant differences in the transcriptomes of the adipose tissue and muscle between Laiwu and Duroc piglets(P < 0.05), especially in metabolic patterns. This insight serves to advance our comprehensive understanding of metabolic regulation in these tissues and provide targets for fat content regulation.

关键词： Laiwu Duroc Adipose Muscle Transcriptome Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism

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Identification of porcine fast/slow myogenic exosomes and their regulatory effects on lipid accumulation in intramuscular adipocytes

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1512-1527页

作者： Tiantian Zhao Tingting Tian He Yu Chaoyue Cao Ziyi Zhang Zhaozhao He Zeqiang Ma Rui Cai Fengna Li Weijun Pang laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition&Muscle Development College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina laboratory of Animal nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process Key Laboratory of Agro‑ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125HunanChina

Background Pork quality is affected by the type of muscle fibers, which is closely related to meat color, tenderness and juiciness. Exosomes are tiny vesicles with a diameter of approximately 30–150 nm that are secreted by cells and taken up by recipient cells to mediate communication. Exosome-mediated muscle-fat tissue crosstalk is a newly discovered mechanism that may have an important effect on intramuscular fat deposition and with that on meat quality. Various of adipose tissue-derived exosomes have been discovered and identified, but the identification and function of muscle exosomes, especially porcine fast/slow myotube exosomes, remain unclear. Here, we first isolated and identified exosomes secreted from porcine extensor digitorum longus(EDL) and soleus(SOL), which represent fast and slow muscle, respectively, and further explored their effects on lipid accumulation in longissimus dorsi *** Porcine SOL-derived exosomes(SOL-EXO) and EDL-derived exosomes(EDL-EXO) were first identified and their average particle sizes were approximately 84 nm with double-membrane disc-shapes as observed via transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the intramuscular fat content of the SOL was greater than that of the EDL at 180 days of age, because SOL intramuscular adipocytes had a stronger lipid-accumulating capacity than those of the EDL. Raman spectral analysis revealed that SOL-EXO protein content was much greater than that of EDL-EXO. Proteomic sequencing identified 72 proteins that were significantly differentially expressed between SOL-EXO and EDL-EXO, 31 of which were downregulated and 41 of which were upregulated in *** Our findings suggest that muscle-fat tissue interactions occur partly via SOL-EXO promoting adipogenic activity of intramuscular adipocytes.

关键词： Adipogenesis Exosome Extensor digitorum longus Intramuscular adipocyte Muscle-fat tissue interaction Pig Soleus

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