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Linking nutrient strategies with plant size along a grazing gradient： Evidence from Leymus chinensis in a natural pasture

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第5期15卷 1132-1144页

作者： LI Xi-liang LIU Zhi-ying REN Wei-bo DING Yong JI Lei GUO Feng-hui HOU Xiang-yang National forage Improvement Center/Key laboratory of grassland Resources and Utilization Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Grassland Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hohhot 010010 P.R.China

St udying the changes in nutrient use strategies induced by grazing can provide insight into the process of grassland degradation and is important for improving grassland quality and enhancing ecosystem function. Dominant species in meadow steppe can optimize their use of limiting resources; however, the regulation of nutrient use strategies across grazing gradients is not fully understood. Therefore, in this study, we report an in situ study in which the impact of grazing rates on nutrient use strategies of Leymus chinensis, the dominant plant species in eastern Eurasian temperate steppes, was investigated. We conducted a large randomized controlled experiment（conducted continuously for five years in grassland plots in a natural pasture in Ha ilar, eastern Mongolia Plateau, China） to assess the effects of grazing rate treatments（0.00, 0.23, 0.34, 0.46, 0.69, and 0.92 adult cattle unit（AU） ha-1） on L. chinensis along a grazing gradient and employed a random sampling approach to compare the accumulation, allocation, and stoichiometry of C, N, and P in leaves and stems. Ou r findings demonstrated the follows：（i） The height of L. chinensis decreased with an increase in the grazing gradient, and the concentrations of C, N, and P significantly increased;（ii） the accumulation of C, N, and P per individual was negatively correlated with the concentration of aboveground tissues, suggesting that there was a tradeoff in L. chinensis between nutrient accumulation and concentration at the individual scale;（iii） the leaf-to-stem ratio of C, N, and P accumulation increased with grazing intensity, indicating a tradeoff in nutrient allocation and plant size at the individual plant level; and（iv） grazing rates were negatively correlated with the ratios of C：N and C：P in the stem; however, these ratios in leaves significantly increased with grazing intensity. Our findings suggest that L. chinensis in meadow steppe adapts to grazing disturbance through tradeoffs between plant size and

关键词： meadow steppe nutrient-use strategy overgrazing stoichiometry Inner Mongolia Leymus chinensis

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Application of Transgenic Technology in Identification for Gene Function on Grasses

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第8期93卷 1913-1941页

作者： Lijun Zhang Ying Liu Yushou Ma Xinyou Wang Qinghai University Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary SciencesQinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine GrasslandKey Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan PlateauXining810000China

Perennial grasses have developed intricate mechanisms to adapt to diverse environments,enabling their resistance to various biotic and abiotic *** mechanisms arise from strong natural selection that contributes to enhancing the adaptation of forage plants to various stress *** such as antisense RNA technology,CRISPR/Cas9 screening,virus-induced gene silencing,and transgenic technology,are commonly utilized for investigating the stress response functionalities of grass genes in both warm-season and cool-season *** review focuses on the functional identification of stress-resistance genes and regulatory elements in *** synthesizes recent studies on mining functional genes,regulatory genes,and protein kinase-like signaling factors involved in stress responses in ***,the review outlines future research directions,providing theoretical support and references for further exploration of(i)molecular mechanisms underlying grass stress responses,(ii)cultivation and domestication of herbage,(iii)development of high-yield varieties resistant to stress,and(iv)mechanisms and breeding strategies for stress resistance in grasses.

关键词： Grasses regulatory genes protein kinase-like signaling factors gene function identiﬁcation resistance breeding

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Phenotypical and gene co-expression network analyses of seed shattering in divergent sorghum(Sorghum spp.)

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The Crop Journal 2023年第2期11卷 478-489页

作者： Xin Xiao Mengjiao Zhu Yishan Liu Jingru Zheng Yiping Cui Candong Xiong Jiangjiang Liu Jun Chen Hongwei Cai College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China College of grassland Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China forage Crop Research Institute Japan Grassland Agricultural and Forage Seed Association388-5 HigashiakadaNasushiobaraTochigi 329-2742Japan

Sorghum[Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench],a multipurpose C4 crop,is also a model species of the Poaceae family for plant *** the process of domestication,the modification of seed dispersal mode is considered a key event,as the loss of seed shattering caused a significant increase in *** order to understand the seed shattering process in sorghum,we further studied eight previously identified divergent sorghum germplasm with different shattering *** described their phenotypes in great detail,analyzed the histology of abscission zone,and conducted a gene co-expression *** observed that the abscission layer of the most strong-shattering varieties began to differentiate before the 5-10 cm panicles development stage and was completely formed at flag leaf *** protective cells on the pedicels were also fully lignified by *** the weighted gene correlation network analysis(WGCNA),we mined for candidate genes involved in the abscission process at the heading *** found that these genes were mainly associated with such biological processes as hormone signal transmission(SORBI_3003G361300,SORBI_3006G216500,SORBI_3009G027800,SORBI_3007G077200),cell wall modification and degradation(SORBI_3002G205500,SORBI_3004G013800,SORBI_3010G022400,SORBI_3003G251800,SORBI_3003G254700,SORBI_3003G410800,SORBI_3009G162700,SORBI_3001G406700,SORBI_3004G042700,SORBI_3004G244600,SORBI_3001G099100),and lignin synthesis(SORBI_3004G220700,SORBI_3004G062500,SORBI_3010G214900,SORBI_3009G181800).Our study has provided candidate genes required for shedding for further *** believe that function characterization of these genes may provide insight into our understanding of seed shattering process.

关键词： Divergent sorghum Seed shattering Abscission zone WGCNA

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Long-term effects of mowing on plasticity and allometry of Leymus chinensis in a temperate semi-arid grassland,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2016年第6期8卷 899-909页

作者： LI Xiliang HOU Xiangyang REN Weibo Taogetao BAOYIN LIU Zhiying Warwick BADGERY LI Yaqiong WU Xinhong XU Huimin National forage Improvement Center Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Utilization of Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Grassland ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Ecology College of Life SciencesInner Mongolia University New South Wales Department of Primary Industries Orange Agricultural Institute

Mowing is an important land management practice for natural semi-arid regions. A growing body of empirical evidence shows that different mowing regimes affect the functioning of grassland ecosystems. However, the responses of plant functional traits to long-term mowing and their allometric scaling under long-term mowing are poorly understood. For a better understanding of the effects of mowing on grassland ecosystems, we analyzed the allometric traits of leaves and stems of Leymus chinensis （Trin.） Tzvel., a dominant grass species in eastern Eurasian temperate grassland, at different mowing intensities （no clipping, clipping once every two years, once a year and twice a year）. Experiments were conducted on plots established over a decade ago in a typical steppe of Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia, China. Results showed that most of the functional traits of L. chinensis decreased with the increased mowing intensity. The responses of leaves and stems to long-term mowing were asymmetric, in which leaf traits were more stable than stem traits. Also significant allometric relationships were found among most of the plant functional traits under the four mowing treatments. Sensitive traits of L. chinensis （e.g. leaf length and stem length） were primary indicators associated with aboveground biomass decline under high mowing intensity. In conclusion, the allometric growth of different functional traits of L. chinensis varies with different long-term mowing practices, which is likely to be a strategy used by the plant to adapt to the mowing disturbances.

关键词： Leymus chinensis allometry plant functional traits mowing semi-arid grassland Inner Mongolia

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Mass loss and nutrient dynamics during litter decomposition in response to warming and nitrogen addition in a desert steppe

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2018年第1期5卷 64-70页

作者： Haiyan REN Jie QIN Baolong YAN Alata Baoyinhexige Guodong HAN College of grassland Resources and Environment/Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation Processing and High Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Siziwang grassland Research Station Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry

Plant litter decomposition has been studied extensively in the context of both warming and increased atmospheric nitrogen deposition. However, the temporal patterns of mass loss and nutrient release in response to warming and nitrogen addition remain unclear. A 2-year decomposition experiment aimed to examine the effects of warming and nitrogen addition on decomposition rate, and nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics. The effects of warming and nitrogen addition on decomposition of litter of Stipa breviflora, a dominant species in a desert steppe of northern China, were studied. Warming and nitrogen addition significantly enhanced litter mass loss by 10% and 16%, respectively, and moreover promoted nitrogen and phosphorus release from the litter in the first year of decomposition, followed by an immobilization period. The interactive effects of warming and nitrogen addition on mass loss, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of litter were also found during the decomposition. This study indicates that warming and nitrogen addition increased litter mass loss through altering litter quality. These findings highlight that interactions between climate change and other global change factors could be highly important in driving decomposition responses.

关键词： climate warming grassland litter decomposition nitrogen deposition nutrient release

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QTLs for Sugar Content of Stalk in Sweet Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor ***)

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2006年第10期5卷 736-744页

作者： BIAN Yun-long Yazaki Seiji Inoue Maiko CAI Hong-wei Jiangsu Provincial Key laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Department of Agronomy Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 P.R. China forage Crop Research Institute Japan Grassland Agriculture and Forage Seed Association 388-5 Higashiakata Nasushiobara Tochigi 329-2742 Japan

High sugar content of sorghum stalk is an important factor in the sorghum silage production. To identify the genomic regions controlling sugar content and to develop molecular markers linked to sugar content in sweet sorghum, we used an F2：3 segregating population consisting of 207 individuals derived from a cross between a high sugar content inbred line, Early Folger, and a normal inbred line, N32B, for genetic linkage mapping and quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis. We constructed a genetic linkage map spanning 983.5 cM based on a total of 327 markers comprising 31 restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP） markers, 254 amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） markers, and 42 simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers. In the 20 linkage groups detected, 98.2% of markers aligned to the 10 linkage groups of sorghum. Variations in sugar content at different growth stages and among internodes suggested that the sugar content of middle internodes is stable and suitable for measuring at early dough stage. The broad sense heritability （hB0 of sugar content was 0.64 and 0.62 estimated from the data of F3 families and each parent in 2003 and 2004. We identified one and two QTLs accounting for 22.2 to 25.0% of phenotypic variance using simple interval mapping method in 2003 and 2004, respectively. These two QTLs showed a negative additive effect, and over-dominance effect. A QTL on LG-D was detected in both two years. Above results will be help us to understand the genetic mechanism of sugar content in sorghum and the QTL detected in this study might be useful in the improvement of sugar content by marker-assisted selection.

关键词： sugar content molecular marker QTL sorghum

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Overload type and optimization of meadow carrying capacity in Maqin County in the Three-River Source Region,China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第6期17卷 1387-1397页

作者： SUN Jin-jin WANG Peng-bin TONG Yong-shang HAO Yuan-yuan HE You-long WANG Hai-bo YU Xiao-jun College of grassland Science Gansu Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Grassland EcosystemMinistry of Education/Sino-U.S.Center for Grassland Ecosystem SustainabilityLanzhou 730070China grassland Working Station of Guoluo State Maqin 814000Qinghai ProvinceChina

Alpine meadows,comprising the main ecosystem of the Three-River Source Region,play an important role in the economic development of western pastoral *** determine whether the grazing level was too intense or the nutrient-carrying capacity of the meadows was overloaded,and to offer solutions in Maqin County,Qinghai Province,China,the meadows carrying capacity was determined by combining grass-yield and nutrients data for different seasons across different *** results showed that the levels of crude protein(CP),ether extract(EE),ash,soluble sugars(SS),gas production,and energy value of forage in the summer–autumn grazing meadows were higher than those of the winter–spring *** detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)of forage in the summer–autumn grazing meadows were lower than those of the winter–spring *** found that no pastures were overloaded with metabolizable energy(ME)for the whole year but digestible crude protein(DCP)was overloaded in winter–*** there were differences in the amount carrying capacity(forage yield)of seasonal grazing meadows for the different herds,the overload types were annual overloading(herd A),overloaded in summer–autumn(herd B),overloaded in winter–spring(herd C),and not overloaded(herd D).Compared with the previous grazing mode,theoretical carrying capacity,DCP carrying capacity,and ME carrying capacity of herd A increased by 20,19,and 27 sheep units,respectively,after optimization;herd B:36,31,and 45 sheep units,respectively;herd C:28,23,and 44 sheep units,respectively;and herd D:43,40,and 61 sheep units,*** the Three-River Source Region and similar alpine pastoral areas,the grassland-livestock structure should be optimized to improve grassland vegetation status and increase the theoretical carrying capacity.

关键词： Carrying capacity forage In vitro gas production method Nutritional value Metabolizable energy Digestible crude protein

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Factors influencing farmer willingness to plant forage triticale in winter fallow fields in Northern China:An example from central Shanxi Province

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grassland Research 2024年第3期3卷 290-298页

作者： Qishen Jiang Haibin Dong Qidong Li Zongxian Zhang Changyu Gao Yanting Yin Xiangyang Hou College of grassland Science Shanxi Agricultural UniversityJinzhongShanxiChina Key laboratory for Model Innovation in forage Production Efficiency Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsJinzhongShanxiChina

Background:Using winter fallow fields for plant forage is important to ensure food *** triticale(×Triticosecale)has higher yields than other available forage crops and can be planted widely in winter fallow ***,the planted area of forage triticale in Shanxi Province,China,has exceeded 3500 ha;however,problems such as low farmer willingness to plant(WTP)winter forage still ***:A total of 219 farmers were surveyed in Taiyuan,Lvliang,and *** analyzed the factors influencing farmer WTP forage triticale,focusing on personal,family,land,and cognition *** used a binary logistic regression model to quantify the influence of various factors on farmer behavior and conducted a robustness check and heterogeneity ***:“Age”was negatively correlated with farmer WTP—farmers 50 years of age and older showed less WTP.“Land lease situation”was also negatively correlated with *** that positively correlated with WTP were“land areas,”“raising of livestock,”“size of labor force,”and“development prospect.”Conclusions:Many farmers are over 50 years of age,land lessors,and have low WTP winter *** who raise livestock and have large labor forces,huge land areas,and good cultivation prospects have a high *** study identifies the factors influencing farmers'WTP to assist in the development of the forage triticale industry in the study region,improving land resource utilization and *** findings are likely to have wider relevance and application.

关键词： binary logistic regression analysis factors influencing farmer decisions farmer willingness to plant farmers forage triticale

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Synonymous codon usage pattern in model legume Medicago truncatula

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第9期17卷 2074-2081页

作者： SONG Hui LIU Jing CHEN Tao NAN Zhi-biao State Key laboratory of grassland Agro-ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology Lanzhou University grassland Agri-husbandry Research Center Qingdao Agricultural University

Synonymous codon usage pattern presumably reflects gene expression optimization as a result of molecular evolution. Though much attention has been paid to various model organisms ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, codon usage has yet been extensively investigated for model legume Medicago truncatula. In present study, 39 531 available coding sequences （CDSs） from M. truncatula were examined for codon usage bias （CUB）. Based on analyses including neutrality plots, effective number of codons plots, and correlations between optimal codons frequency and codon adaptation index, we conclude that natural selection is a major driving force in M. truncatula CUB. We have identified 30 optimal codons encoding 18 amino acids based on relative synonymous codon usage. These optimal codons characteristically end with A or T, except for AGG and TTG encoding arginine and leucine respectively. Optimal codon usage is positively correlated with the GC content at three nucleotide positions of codons and the GC content of CDSs. The abundance of expressed sequence tag is a proxy for gene expression intensity in the legume, but has no relatedness with either CDS length or GC content. Collectively, we unravel the synonymous codon usage pattern in M. truncatula, which may serve as the valuable information on genetic engineering of the model legume and forage crop.

关键词： codon usage gene expression Medicago truncatula natural selection optimal codon

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Comparative transcriptome analyses reveal that the MsNST1 gene affects lignin synthesis in alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)

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The Crop Journal 2022年第4期10卷 1059-1072页

作者： Qiang Zhou Pei Mao Dong Luo Xutian Chai Hao Deng Qiangen Fang Longfa Fang Zhibiao Nan Jiangqi Wen Zhipeng Liu State Key laboratory of grassland Agro-ecosystems Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry InnovationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland IndustryMinistry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730020GansuChina Xinjiang Key laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011XinjiangChina College of grassland Science/Key laboratory of grassland Ecosystem of the Ministry of Education Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou 730020GansuChina Noble Research Institute LLCArdmoreOK 73401USA

As the second most abundant natural polymer,accounting for approximately 30%of the organic carbon in the biosphere,lignin plays an essential role in plant ***,a high lignin content affects the nutritional quality of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.),the most widely cultivated perennial legume forage *** analysis indicated that G-lignin and S-lignin were present in the stem,leaf,and petiole of alfalfa,and the deposition of lignin increased gradually in descending *** detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF),and acid detergent lignin(ADL)contents continually increased from the top to the bottom of the stem,and ADL content showed a similar trend in *** leaves and stems from five different nodes(1,2,4,6,and 8)were used as materials to investigate molecular regulatory mechanisms in lignin synthesis by RNA *** 8074 and 7752 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in leaves and stems,and 1694 DEGs were common to the two tissues.‘‘Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis”was the most enriched pathway in both leaves and stems,and 134 key regulatory genes in lignin synthesis were identified by a weighted gene co-expression network *** NAC family transcription factor MsNST1 gene was highly expressed in old leaf and stem *** deposition pattern of G-and S-lignin differed among *** wild-type,nst1 mutants,and overexpression lines,and the transcription levels of lignin synthesis genes such as HCT,F5H,and COMT in these three materials also *** results suggest that MsNST1 affects lignin synthesis in *** findings provide a genetic basis and abundant gene resources for further study of the molecular mechanisms of lignin synthesis,laying a foundation for low-lignin alfalfa breeding research.

关键词： Medicago sativa L. Lignin synthesis Transcriptome WGCNA MsNST1

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