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Distributions of Visual Receptive Fields from Retinotopic to Craniotopic Coordinates in the Lateral Intraparietal Area and Frontal Eye Fields of the Macaque

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neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第2期40卷 171-181页

作者： Lin Yang Min Jin Cong Zhang Ning Qian Mingsha Zhang Key laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and Learning Division of PsychologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Institute of neuroscience Key Laboratory of Primate NeurobiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China Department of neuroscience and Zuckerman Institute Columbia UniversityNew York 10027USA

Even though retinal images of objects change their locations following each eye movement,we perceive a stable and continuous world.One possible mechanism by which the brain achieves such visual stability is to construct a craniotopic coordinate by integrating retinal and extraretinal information.There have been several proposals on how this may be done,including eye-position modulation(gain fields)of retinotopic receptive fields(RFs)and craniotopic RFs.In the present study,we investigated coordinate systems used by RFs in the lateral intraparietal(LIP)cortex and frontal eye fields(FEF)and compared the two areas.We mapped the two-dimensional RFs of neurons in detail under two eye fixations and analyzed how the RF of a given neuron changes with eye position to determine its coordinate representation.The same recording and analysis procedures were applied to the two brain areas.We found that,in both areas,RFs were distributed from retinotopic to craniotopic representations.There was no significant difference between the distributions in the LIP and FEF.Only a small fraction of neurons was fully craniotopic,whereas most neurons were between the retinotopic and craniotopic representations.The distributions were strongly biased toward the retinotopic side but with significant craniotopic shifts.These results suggest that there is only weak evidence for craniotopic RFs in the LIP and FEF,and that transformation from retinotopic to craniotopic coordinates in these areas must rely on other factors such as gain fields.

关键词： Reference frames Eye-centered Headcentered Visual stability

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Pathological and physiological functional cross-talks ofα-synuclein and tau in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 855-862页

作者： Mingyue Jin Shengming Wang Xiaodie Gao Zhenyou Zou Shinji Hirotsune Liyuan Sun Guangxi Key laboratory of Brain and cognitive neuroscience Guilin Medical University Department of Genetic Disease Research Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Scientific Research Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

α-Synuclein and tau are abundant multifunctional brain proteins that are mainly expressed in the presynaptic and axonal compartments of neurons,respectively.Previous works have revealed that intracellular deposition ofα-synuclein and/or tau causes many neurodegenerative disorders,including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.Despite intense investigation,the normal physiological functions and roles ofα-synuclein and tau are still unclear,owing to the fact that mice with knockout of either of these proteins do not present apparent phenotypes.Interestingly,the co-occurrence ofα-synuclein and tau aggregates was found in post-mortem brains with synucleinopathies and tauopathies,some of which share similarities in clinical manifestations.Furthermore,the direct interaction ofα-synuclein with tau is considered to promote the fibrillization of each of the proteins in vitro and in vivo.On the other hand,our recent findings have revealed thatα-synuclein and tau are cooperatively involved in brain development in a stage-dependent manner.These findings indicate strong cross-talk between the two proteins in physiology and pathology.In this review,we provide a summary of the recent findings on the functional roles ofα-synuclein and tau in the physiological conditions and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.A deep understanding of the interplay betweenα-synuclein and tau in physiological and pathological conditions might provide novel targets for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic strategies to treat neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： alpha-synuclein microtubule-associated protein neurodegenerative disease tau

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Movement Trend Alterations in the Periaqueductal Gray(PAG)-Employed Ratbot Navigation Are Correlated with Stimulation Parameters

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第2期21卷 866-876页

作者： Sina Khajei Abed Khorasani Mohammad Reza Afarinesh Vahid Sheibani neuroscience Research Center Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical SciencesKerman***Iran cognitive neuroscience Research Center Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical SciencesKerman***Iran

In previous studies,Periaqueductal Gray(PAG)stimulation was used to stop ratbots from moving.Due to the homology between the PAG and the intercollicular nucleus,which has been used for forward movement in birds,we investigated the possibility of PAG application to induce forward locomotion for the first time.Using a corridor maze,the traveled distances via PAG electrical stimulation were examined in nine Wistar male rats during three sessions.A custom-designed stimulator was developed to apply the stimulation.The results showed reductions in responses to stimulation over time.Accordingly,the traveled distances had negative slopes during the consecutive trials(in 8 out of the 9 rats),and the slope mean was significantly different from zero.There was a strong correlation between the stimulation parameters(electric Charge per Phase(CPP)and the Number of Pulses(NP))and the observed slopes.The negative Movement Slopes(MS)were highly correlated with the CPP and the NP,as the Pearson's linear correlation coefficients were−0.87 and−0.79,respectively.The MS-CPP coefficients of determination(R-squared)were also between 0.76 and 0.95.In addition,the MS-NP coefficients of determination were between 0.63 and 0.87.Thus,it is concluded that the electrical stimulation parameters influence the behavioral outcomes directly.Furthermore,the PAG area may be considered a suitable candidate for forward locomotion control in the future if the area is harnessed effectively to prevent undesirable chaotic behaviors.

关键词： Periaqueductal Gray(PAG) Navigation Ratbot Animal-robot Forward locomotion Movement slope

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Temporal Unfolding of Racial Ingroup Bias in Neural Responses to Perceived Dynamic Pain in Others

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neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第2期40卷 157-170页

作者： Chenyu Pang Yuqing Zhou Shihui Han School of Psychological and cognitive Sciences PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchBeijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100081China CAS Key laboratory of behavioral Science Institute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

In this study,we investigated how empathic neural responses unfold over time in different empathy networks when viewing same-race and other-race individuals in dynamic painful conditions.We recorded magnetoencephalography signals from Chinese adults when viewing video clips showing a dynamic painful(or non-painful)stimulation to Asian and White models’faces to trigger painful(or neutral)expressions.We found that perceived dynamic pain in Asian models modulated neural activities in the visual cortex at 100 ms–200 ms,in the orbitofrontal and subgenual anterior cingulate cortices at 150 ms–200 ms,in the anterior cingulate cortex around 250 ms–350 ms,and in the temporoparietal junction and middle temporal gyrus around 600 ms after video onset.Perceived dynamic pain in White models modulated activities in the visual,anterior cingulate,and primary sensory cortices after 500 ms.Our findings unraveled earlier dynamic activities in multiple neural circuits in response to same-race(vs other-race)individuals in dynamic painful situations.

关键词： Empathy Race Magnetoencephalography Dynamic pain Cingulate cortex

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Brain circuits for retching-like behavior

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 145-160页

作者： Lifang Huo Zhimin Ye Meiling Liu Ziqing He Meizhu Huang Dapeng Li Qian Wu Qian Wang Xiaoqun Wang Peng Cao Ji Dong Congping Shang School of Basic Medical Sciences Guangzhou National Laboratory The Fifth Afflliated Hospital Guangzhou Medical University Bioland laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong laboratory) Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection Capital Medical University State Key laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and Learning IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University Changping Life Science laboratory National Institute of Biological Sciences

Nausea and vomiting are important defensive responses to cope with pathogens and toxins that invade the body. The nucleus of the solitary tract(NTS) is important for initiating these responses. However, the molecular heterogeneities and cellular diversities of the NTS occlude a better understanding of these defensive responses. Here, we constructed the single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of NTS cells and found multiple populations of NTS neurons that may be involved in these defensive responses. Among these, we identified Calbindin1-positive(Calb1+) NTS neurons that are molecularly distinct from Tac1+neurons.These Calb1+neurons are critical for nausea and retching induced by cereulide; an emetic toxin secreted by Bacillus Cereus. Strikingly, we found that cereulide can directly modulate vagal sensory neurons that innervate Calb1+NTS neurons, a novel mechanism distinct from that for nausea and retching induced by Staphylococcal enterotoxin A. Together, our transcriptomic atlas of NTS neurons and the functional analyses revealed the neural mechanism for cereulide-induced retching-like behavior. These results demonstrate the molecular and cellular complexities in the brain that underlie defensive responses to the diversities of pathogens and toxins.

关键词： vomiting nausea nucleus of the solitary tract Calbindin1 neural circuits

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Neuron-to-astrocyte proteostatic stress signaling in response to tau pathology

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 505-506页

作者： Kevin Llewelyn Batenburg Wiep Scheper Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Department of Human GeneticsAmsterdam Neuroscience-NeurodegenerationAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Functional Genomics Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive ResearchVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Neuroscience-NeurodegenerationAmsterdamThe Netherlands

Maintenance of protein homeostasis or“proteostasis”is essential for the functioning and viability of cells.This is in particular the case for cells like neurons that cannot self-renew and acquire unique functional properties during their lifetime.Cellular proteostatic stress responses are in place to protect cells from damage in case of proteostatic challenges.The integrated stress response(ISR)is one of the key proteostatic stress responses in the cell(Costa-Mattioli and Walter,2020).The ISR is the downstream convergence point for the four stress-induced eIF2αkinases(EIF2AK1-4)that control stress-regulated protein translation via phosphorylation of the translation factor eIF2α.ISR activation results in a transient reduction of global translation while it concomitantly enhances the translation of specific mRNAs,including that encoding the activating transcription factor 4(ATF4).Together,the translational control mediated by the ISR results in a temporary reduction of the overall protein load and the selectively increased expression of proteins that contribute to restoration of the proteostatic balance.

关键词： translation stress Together

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Local field potentials,spiking activity,and receptive fields in human visual cortex

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 543-554页

作者： Lu Luo Xiongfei Wang Junshi Lu Guanpeng Chen Guoming Luan Wu Li Qian Wang Fang Fang School of Psychological and cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Psychology Beijing Sport UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Neurosurgery Sanbo Brain HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100093China Beijing Key laboratory of Epilepsy Epilepsy CenterSanbo Brain HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100093China IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Beijing 100069China State Key laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The concept of receptive field(RF) is central to sensory neuroscience. Neuronal RF properties have been substantially studied in animals,while those in humans remain nearly unexplored. Here, we measured neuronal RFs with intracranial local field potentials(LFPs) and spiking activity in human visual cortex(V1/V2/V3). We recorded LFPs via macro-contacts and discovered that RF sizes estimated from lowfrequency activity(LFA, 0.5–30 Hz) were larger than those estimated from low-gamma activity(LGA, 30–60 Hz) and high-gamma activity(HGA, 60–150 Hz). We then took a rare opportunity to record LFPs and spiking activity via microwires in V1 simultaneously. We found that RF sizes and temporal profiles measured from LGA and HGA closely matched those from spiking activity. In sum, this study reveals that spiking activity of neurons in human visual cortex could be well approximated by LGA and HGA in RF estimation and temporal profile measurement, implying the pivotal functions of LGA and HGA in early visual information processing.

关键词： human visual cortex receptive field intracranial EEG local field potential spiking activity

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Reshaping the Cortical Connectivity Gradient by Long-Term cognitive Training During Development

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neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第1期40卷 50-64页

作者： Tianyong Xu Yunying Wu Yi Zhang Xi-Nian Zuo Feiyan Chen Changsong Zhou Bio-X laboratory School of PhysicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China State Key laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Optical Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China State Key laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and Learning Bejing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Developmental Population neuroscience Research Center IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Zhejiang Province Key laboratory of Quantum Technology and Devices Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Department of Physics Centre for Nonlinear Studies and Beijing-Hong Kong-Singapore Joint Centre for Nonlinear and Complex Systems(Hong Kong)Institute of Computational and Theoretical StudiesHong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong 999077China

The organization of the brain follows a topologi-cal hierarchy that changes dynamically during development.However,it remains unknown whether and how cognitive training administered over multiple years during develop-ment can modify this hierarchical topology.By measuring the brain and behavior of school children who had carried out abacus-based mental calculation(AMC)training for five years(starting from 7 years to 12 years old)in pre-training and post-training,we revealed the reshaping effect of long-term AMC intervention during development on the brain hierarchical topology.We observed the development-induced emergence of the default network,AMC training-promoted shifting,and regional changes in cortical gradi-ents.Moreover,the training-induced gradient changes were located in visual and somatomotor areas in association with the visuospatial/motor-imagery strategy.We found that gradient-based features can predict the math ability within groups.Our findings provide novel insights into the dynamic nature of network recruitment impacted by long-term cognitive training during development.

关键词： Connectivity gradient cognitive training Development Neural plasticity Abacus-based mental calculation

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Cardiac-Adaptive Conductive Hydrogel Patch Enabling Construction of Mechanical–Electrical Anisotropic Microenvironment for Heart Repair

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 489-507页

作者： Xiaoping Song Jifeng Zhang Si Shen Dan Liu Jie Zhang Wenming Yin Genlan Ye Leyu Wang Liu Cai Honghao Hou Xiaozhong Qiu Central laboratory The Fifth Affiliated HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510910China Department of Anatomy Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental DisordersMedical College of Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510630China Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering School of Basic Medical ScienceBiomaterials Research CenterSchool of Biomedical EngineeringSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510515China

The biomimetic construction of a microstructural–mechanical–electrical anisotropic microenvironment adaptive to the native cardiac tissue is essential to repair myocardial infarction(MI).Inspired by the 3D anisotropic characteristic of the natural fish swim bladder(FSB),a novel flexible,anisotropic,and conductive hydrogel was developed for tissue-specific adaptation to the anisotropic structural,conductive,and mechanical features of the native cardiac extracellular matrix.The results revealed that the originally stiff,homogeneous FSB film was tailored to a highly flexible anisotropic hydrogel,enabling its potential as a functional engineered cardiac patch(ECP).In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated the enhanced electrophysiological activity,maturation,elongation,and orientation of cardiomyocytes(CMs),and marked MI repair performance with reduced CM apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis,thereby promoting cell retention,myogenesis,and vascularization,as well as improving electrical integration.Our findings offer a potential strategy for functional ECP and provides a novel strategy to bionically simulate the complex cardiac repair environment.

关键词： bladder thereby patch

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Treadmill exercise improves hippocampal neural plasticity and relieves cognitive deficits in a mouse model of epilepsy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 657-662页

作者： Hang Yu Mingting Shao Xi Luo Chaoqin Pang Kwok-Fai So Jiandong Yu Li Zhang Key laboratory of CNS Regeneration(Ministry of Education) Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Institute of CNS RegenerationJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina State Key laboratory of Brain and cognitive Science Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina Department of Neurosurgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuShandong ProvinceChina School of Psychology Shanghai University of SportShanghaiChina

Epilepsy frequently leads to cognitive dysfunction and approaches to treatment remain limited.Although regular exercise effectively improves learning and memory functions across multiple neurological diseases,its application in patients with epilepsy remains controversial.Here,we adopted a 14-day treadmill-exercise paradigm in a pilocarpine injection-induced mouse model of epilepsy.cognitive assays confirmed the improvement of object and spatial memory after endurance training,and electrophysiological studies revealed the maintenance of hippocampal plasticity as a result of physical exercise.Investigations of the mechanisms underlying this effect revealed that exercise protected parvalbumin interneurons,probably via the suppression of neuroinflammation and improved integrity of blood-brain barrier.In summary,this work identified a previously unknown mechanism through which exercise improves cognitive rehabilitation in epilepsy.

关键词： blood-brain barrier cognition hippocampus interneurons long-term potentiation microglial cell neuroinflammation spatial memory temporal epilepsy treadmill exercise

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