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The Effect of exercise Therapy on Physical Function, biochemistry and Dialysis Adequacy in Haemodialysis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2013年第1期3卷 25-36页

作者： Neil Smart James McFarlane Veronique Cornelissen Department of exercise Science University of New England Armidale Australia. Department of Rehabilitation Sciences University of Leuven Leuven Belgium.

Background:Patients undergoing dialysis have high mortality rates and a unique risk factor profile. Some improvements elicited by exercise training have been shown in dialysis populations, here we aimed to further explore the bene-fits of exercise. As well as changes in physical fitness we quantified cardiac function, depression, serum biochemistry, dialysis adequacy and energy intake following exercise training in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undertaking dialysis. Methods:A systematic literature search was completed in December 2012 identifying randomized, controlled trials of exercise training studies in haemodialysis (HD) patients. A subsequent meta-analysis was ***: Twenty four studies were included, totalling 879 patients. exercise training produced significant improvements in physical fitness: peak VO2 5.03 mlO2·kg-1·min-1 (95% CI 3.73, 6.33, p 0.0001), Knee extensor strength 2.99 kg (95% CI 0.46, 5.52, p = 0.02) and 6 minute walk distance 60.7 metres (95% CI 18.9, 103, p = 0.004). Significant increases in energy intake MD 238 Kcal·day-1 (95% CI 94, 383, p = 0.001), serum Interleukin-6 MD-0.58 pg·ml-1 (95% CI-1.01, -0.15, p = 0.008) and Creactive protein MD 0.92 mg/L-1 (95% CI 0.29, 1.56, p = 0.004), but not Albumin or BMI, were reported. Improved Beck Depression scores were reported MD-6.9 (95% CI-9.7,-4.1, p 0.00001). Dialysis adequacy was reduced MD-0.23 (95% CI -0.29, -0.17, p 0.00001), while serum potassium was higher MD 0.14 mmol·L-1 (95% CI 0.01, 0.27, p = 0.04). Moreover exercise training appeared safe, with no direct exercise-associated deaths in over 30,000 patient-hours. Conclusions: Our pooled analyses confirmed improvements in physical fitness following exercise training and suggested additional improvements in dialysis efficiency (kt/v), serum potassium, inflammation and depression in HD patients.

关键词： exercise Training Haemodialysis Meta-Analysis Systematic Review

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Metabolomic studies in the inborn error of metabolism alkaptonuria reveal new biotransformations in tyrosine metabolism

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第4期9卷 1129-1142页

作者： Brendan P.Norman Andrew S.Davison Juliette H.Hughes Hazel Sutherland Peter J.M.Wilson Neil G.Berry Andrew T.Hughes Anna M.Milan Jonathan C.Jarvis Norman B.Roberts Lakshminarayan R.Ranganath George Bou-Gharios James A.Gallagher Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences University of LiverpoolWilliam Henry Duncan Building6 West Derby StreetLiverpoolL78TXUK Department of Clinical biochemistry&Metabolic Medicine Liverpool Clinical LaboratoriesRoyal Liverpool University HospitalPrescot StreetLiverpoolL78XPUK School of Sport&exercise Sciences Liverpool John Moores UniversityTom Reilly BuildingByrom StreetLiverpoolL33AFUK Department of Chemistry University of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL697ZDUK

Alkaptonuria (AKU) is an inherited disorder of tyrosine metabolism caused by lack of active enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD). The primary consequence of HGD deficiency is increased circulating homogentisic acid (HGA), the main agent in the pathology of AKU disease. Here we report the first metabolomic analysis of AKU homozygous Hgd knockout (Hgd−/−) mice to model the wider metabolic effects of Hgd deletion and the implication for AKU in humans. Untargeted metabolic profiling was performed on urine from Hgd−/− AKU (n = 15) and Hgd+/− non-AKU control (n = 14) mice by liquid chromatography high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Experiment 1). The metabolites showing alteration in Hgd−/− were further investigated in AKU mice (n = 18) and patients from the UK National AKU Centre (n = 25) at baseline and after treatment with the HGA-lowering agent nitisinone (Experiment 2). A metabolic flux experiment was carried out after administration of 13C-labelled HGA to Hgd−/−(n = 4) and Hgd+/−(n = 4) mice (Experiment 3) to confirm direct association with HGA. Hgd−/− mice showed the expected increase in HGA, together with unexpected alterations in tyrosine, purine and TCA-cycle pathways. Metabolites with the greatest abundance increases in Hgd−/− were HGA and previously unreported sulfate and glucuronide HGA conjugates, these were decreased in mice and patients on nitisinone and shown to be products from HGA by the 13C-labelled HGA tracer. Our findings reveal that increased HGA in AKU undergoes further metabolism by mainly phase II biotransformations. The data advance our understanding of overall tyrosine metabolism, demonstrating how specific metabolic conditions can elucidate hitherto undiscovered pathways in biochemistry and metabolism.

关键词： Alkaptonuria Biotransformation Metabolism Metabolomics Mice

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Short Report: Association of IL-15 with Peripheral and Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Middle-Aged Men

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2014年第3期4卷 59-67页

作者： Yuichiro Nishida Kumpei Tokuyama Shoichiro Nagasaka Akira Kiyonaga Yasuki Higaki Megumi Hara Keitaro Tanaka Hiroaki Tanaka Department of Preventive Medicine Faculty of Medicine Saga University Saga Japan Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine Jichi Medical University Tochigi Japan laboratory of biochemistry of exercise and Nutrition Institute of Health and Sport Sciences University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan laboratory of exercise Physiology Faculty of Health and Sports Science Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan

Rodent study suggests that interleukin (IL)-15 administration enhances insulin sensitivity. Although it is well known that circulating levels of typical inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP] and IL-6) are positively associated with homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), there are no studies investigating the associations of other inflammatory markers including IL-15 with peripheral/hepatic insulin sensitivity in humans. The current study aimed to examine the relationship between the levels of adiopokines or inflammatory cytokines and insulin sensitivity in 8 healthy middle-aged men. Circulating levels of 10 insulin sensitizing adipokines or inflammatory cytokines (total adiponectin [APN], high molecular weight adiponectin [HMW-APN], IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, interferon [IFN]-γ, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, and TNF-β) were measured. A stable-labeled frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed to assess peripheral () and hepatic () insulin sensitivity estimated by 2-compartment minimal model. The levels of 3 inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, and IL-15) were significantly and inversely correlated with either and . The association between IL-15 and either or was significant even after adjusting for age and percent body fat (p < 0.01). The current study showed a possible inverse association between serum IL-15 level and peripheral/hepatic insulin sensitivity in healthy middle-aged males, independent of percent body fat;this association in humans warrants further study.

关键词： Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin Adipokine Insulin Sensitivity

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Look into my eyes:What can eye-based measures tell us about the relationship between physical activity and cognitive performance?

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第5期12卷 568-591页

作者： Liye Zou Fabian Herold Sebastian Ludyga Keita Kamijo Notger G.Muller Matthew B.Pontifex Matthew Heath Ryuta Kuwamizu Hideaki Soya Charles H.Hillman Soichi Ando Brandon L.Alderman Boris Cheval Arthur F.Kramer Body-Brain-Mind laboratory School of PsychologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases MovementFaculty of Health Sciences BrandenburgUniversity of PotsdamPotsdam 14476Germany Department of Sport Exerciseand HealthUniversity of BaselBasel 4052Switzerland Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences Chukyo UniversityNagoya 466-8666Japan Department of Kinesiology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA School of Kinesiology Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Western OntarioLondon ON N6A 3K7Canada Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging University of Western OntarioLondon ONN6A 3K7Canada Graduate Program in Neuroscience University of Western OntarioLondon ONN6A 3K7Canada laboratory of exercise biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology Faculty of Health and Sport SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukuba 305-0006Japan Sport Neuroscience Division Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance(ARIHHP)Faculty of Health and Sport SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukuba 305-0006Japan Center for Cognitive and Brain Health Department of PsychologyDepartment of Physical TherapyMovementand Rehabilitation SciencesNortheastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering The University of Electro-CommunicationsTokyo 182-8585Japan Department of Kinesiology and Health Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew BrunswickNJ 08854USA Swiss Center for Affective Sciences University of GenevaGeneva 1205Switzerland laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression(E3Lab) Department of PsychologyUniversity of GenevaGeneva 1205Switzerland Department of Psychology Center for Cognitive and Brain HealthNortheastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Beckman Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaignIL 61820USA

Background:There is a growing interest to understand the neurobiological mechanisms that drive the positive associations of physical activity and fitness with measures of cognitive *** better understand those mechanisms,several studies have employed eye-based measures(e.g., eye movement measures such as saccades,pupillary measures such as pupil dilation,and vascular measures such as retinal vessel diameter)deemed to be proxies for specific neurobiological ***,there is currently no systematic review providing a comprehensive overview of these studies in the field of exercise-cognition ***,this review aimed to address that gap in the ***:To identify eligible studies,we searched 5 electronic databases on October 23,*** researchers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in exercise(TESTEX scale,for interventional studies) and the critical appraisal tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute(for cross-sectional studies).Results:Our systematic review(n=35 studies) offers the following main findings:(a) there is insufficient evidence available to draw solid conclusions concerning gaze-fixation-based measures;(b) the evidence that pupillometric measures,which are a proxy for the noradrenergic system,can explain the positive effect of acute exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness on cognitive performance is mixed;(c) physical training-or fitness-related changes of the cerebrovascular system(operationalized via changes in retinal vasculature) are,in general,positively associated with cognitive performance improvements;(d) acute and chronic physical exercises show a positive effect based on an oculomotor-based measure function(operationalized via antisaccade tasks);and(e) the positive association between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive performance is partly mediated by the dopaminergic system(operationalized via spo

关键词： Cognition exercise Fitness Pupil size RetinaTagedAPTARAEnd

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exercise training in hypertension:Role of microRNAs

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World Journal of Cardiology 2014年第8期6卷 713-727页

作者： Vander Josédas Neves Tiago Fernandes Fernanda Roberta Roque Ursula Paula RenóSoci Stéphano Freitas Soares Melo Edilamar Menezes de Oliveira laboratory of biochemistry and molecular biology of the exercise School of Physical Education and SportUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloSP 05508-900Brazil

Hypertension is a complex disease that constitutes an important public health problem and demands many studies in order to understand the molecular mechanisms involving his pathophysiology. Therefore, an increasing number of studies have been conducted and new therapies are continually being discovered. In this context, exercise training has emerged as an important non-pharmacological therapy to treat hypertensive patients, minimizing the side effects of pharmacological therapies and frequently contributing to allow pharmacotherapy to be suspended. Several mechanisms have been associated with the pathogenesis of hypertension, such as hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin aldosterone system,impaired endothelial nitric oxide production, increased oxygen-reactive species, vascular thickening and stiffening, cardiac hypertrophy, impaired angiogenesis, and sometimes genetic predisposition. With the advent of microRNAs(miRNAs), new insights have been added to the perspectives for the treatment of this disease, and exercise training has been shown to be able to modulate the miRNAs associated with it. Elucidation of the relationship between exercise training and miRNAs in the pathogenesis of hypertension is fundamental in order to understand how exercise modulates the cardiovascular system at genetic level. This can be promising even for the development of new drugs. This article is a review of how exercise training acts on hypertension by means of specific miRNAs in the heart, vascular system, and skeletal muscle.

关键词： exercise training Hypertension MicroRNA Heart Vascular system Macrocirculation Microcirculation Muscles Angiogenesis

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Yoga as an exercise Prescription for the Pregnancy or Postpartum Period: Recent Advances and Perspective

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Yangtze Medicine 2021年第3期5卷 157-170页

作者： Shujuan Hu Tao Xu Xianwang Wang Institute of Education and Sports Sciences Yangtze University Jingzhou China Institute of Sport and Science Jishou University Jishou China Department of biochemistry and molecular biology Health Science Center Yangtze University Jingzhou China

The aim of this study is to examine studies published from 2015 to 2020 and to determine whether yoga can be an efficacious approach during the pregnancy or postpartum period. PubMed, EBSCO, Wiley and Science Direct databases were searched for studies published from January 2015 to June 2020. A total of 14 studies met the inclusion criteria, covering 1116 participants were identified. The results demonstrated that yoga intervention could significantly reduce depression (P < 0.001), anxiety (P = 0.003), labor pain (P = 0.001), back pain and the percentage of cesarean section (P = 0.002). There was significant improvement in psychological well-being (P < 0.5), immune function and the intrauterine fetal growth (P < 0.5). Moreover, the yoga intervention group has lower salivary cortisol (P < 0.001), salivary alpha-amylase and salivary a-amylase levels (P < 0.5) and higher immunoglobulin A (P < 0.001) levels when compared with that in control groups. The findings suggested that yoga is well benefited for either pregnant women or postpartum women. More high-quality and well-controlled randomized controlled trials are required to provide more information regarding the utility of yoga interventions for different stages of pregnancy women.

关键词： Yoga Intervention Pregnancy Postpartum Psychological Well-Being

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exercise-induced miR-17-3p prevents pathological myocardial dysfunction

Exercise-induced miR-17-3p prevents pathological myocardial ...

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2019中国生理学会学术年会暨张锡钧基金第十五届全国青...

作者：周秋莲 Bo O.Zhou Shanghai Institute of biochemistry and Cell biology Chinese Academy of Sciences

＜正＞Background:exercise is beneficial for pathological myocardial dysfunction and heart *** previously reported that miR-17-3p contributed to exercise-induced cardiac growth and protected against cardiac ischemia/reperfusion ***, if exercise-induced miR-17-3p can prevent pathological myocardial dysfunction is undetermined.

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Insulin: a small protein with a long journey

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Protein & Cell 2010年第6期1卷 537-551页

作者： Qingxin Hua Department of biochemistry Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio 44106-4935USA

Insulin is a hormone that is essential for regulating energy storage and glucose metabolism in the *** in liver,muscle,and fat tissues stimulates the cell to take up glucose from blood and store it as glycogen in liver and *** of insulin control causes diabetes mellitus(DM).Insulin is the unique medicine to treat some forms of *** population of diabetics has dramatically increased over the past two decades,due to high absorption of carbohydrates(or fats and proteins),lack of physical exercise,and development of new diagnostic *** present,the two largest developing countries(India and China)and the largest developed country(United States)represent the top three countries in terms of diabetic *** is a small protein,but contains almost all structural features typical of proteins:α-helix,β-sheet,β-turn,high order assembly,allosteric T→R-transition,and conformational changes in amyloidal *** than ten years’efforts on studying insulin disulfide intermediates by NMR have enabled us to decipher the whole picture of insulin folding coupled to disulfide pairing,especially at the initial stage that forms the nascent *** structural switches are also known to regulate insulin binding to receptors and progress has been made to identify the residues involved in ***,resolving the complex structure of insulin and its receptor remains a challenge in insulin ***,the accumulated knowledge of insulin structure has allowed us to specifically design a new ultra-stable and active single-chain insulin analog(SCI-57),and provides a novel way to design super-stable,fast-acting and cheaper insulin formulations for DM *** this long journey of insulin study will benefit basic research in proteins and in pharmaceutical therapy.

关键词： insulin diabetes receptor binding folding disulfide pairing NMR

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exercise and its role in gestational diabetes mellitus

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Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2016年第4期2卷 -页

作者： Chen Wang Kym Janese Guelfi Hui-Xia Yang Department of 0bstetrics and Gynecology of Peking University First Hospital Beijing 100034 China exercise Physiology and biochemistry The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia 6009 Australia

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to diabetes diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy that is not clearly either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. GDM is a common medical complication in pregnancy that has been rapidly increasing worldwide. GDM is associated with both short- and long-term health issues for both mothers and offspring. Consistent with type 2 diabetes, peripheral insulin resistance contributes to the hyperglycemia associated with GDM. Accordingly, it is important to identify strategies to reduce the insulin resistance associated with GDM. To date, observational studies have shown that exercise can be a non-invasive therapeutic option for preventing and managing GDM that can be readily applied to the antenatal population. However, the relevant mechanisms for these outcomes are yet to be fully elucidated. The present review aimed to explain the potential mechanisms of exercise from the perspective of reducing the insulin resistance, which is the root cause of GDM. exercise recommendations and opinions of exercise during pregnancy are briefly summarized.

关键词： exercise Gestational diabetes mellitus Insulin resistance Pregnancy

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Oxytocin and cancer: An emerging link

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2018年第5期9卷 74-82页

作者： Ben Lerman Trisheena Harricharran Olorunseun O Ogunwobi Department of Biological Sciences Hunter College of the City University of New York the Graduate Center Departments of biology and biochemistry the City University of New York Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine Cornell University

The neuropeptide hormone oxytocin, which is released from the posterior pituitary gland, is involved in a number of physiological processes. Understanding of its effects is gradually increasing due to new research in this area. While mostly recognized as a reproductive system hormone, oxytocin also regulates other organ systems such as the brain and cardiovascular system. Recently, research has focused on unraveling its involvement in cancer, and emerging evidence suggests a potential role for oxytocin as a cancer biomarker. This review summarizes observations linking oxytocin and cancer, with a special emphasis on prostate cancer, where it may promote cell proliferation. Research suggests that oxytocin effects may depend on cell type, concentration of the hormone, its interactions with other hormones in the microenvironment, and the precise localization of its receptor on the cell membrane. Future research is needed to further elucidate the involvement of oxytocin in cancer, and whether it could be a clinical cancer biomarker or therapeutic target.

关键词： Oxytocin Cancer Prostate Pancreas exercise

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