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A sandwich ELISA kit reveals marked elevation of titin N-terminal fragment levels in the urine of mdx mice

animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2022年第1期5卷 48-55页

作者： Taku Shirakawa Ayumu Ikushima Nobuhiro Maruyama Yoshinori Nambu Hiroyuki Awano Kayo Osawa Kei Nirasawa Yoichi Negishi Hisahide Nishio Shoji Fukushima Masafumi Matsuo Research Center for locomotion Biology Kobe Gakuin UniversityKobeJapan KNC Department of Nucleic Acid Drug Discovery Faculty of RehabilitationKobe Gakuin UniversityKobeJapan Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesKobe Gakuin UniversityKobeJapan Diagnostic&Research Reagents Division Immuno-Biological Laboratories Co.LtdFujiokaJapan Department of Pediatrics Kobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan Department of Medical Technology Faculty of Health SciencesKobe Tokiwa UniversityKobeJapan Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics School of PharmacyTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life SciencesTokyoJapan

The mdx mouse is a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD),a fatal progressive muscle wasting disease caused by dystrophin deficiency,and is used most widely in preclinical *** with dystrophin deficiency,however,show milder muscle strength phenotypes than *** human,the introduction of a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kit revealed a more than 700-fold increase in titin N-terminal fragment levels in the urine of pediatric patients with ***,the urinary titin level declines with aging,reflecting progression of muscle *** mouse,development of a highly sensitive ELISA kit has been ***,a sandwich ELISA kit to measure titin N-terminal fragment levels in mouse urine was *** developed kit showed good linearity,recovery,and repeatability in measuring recombinant or natural mouse titin N-terminal fragment *** titin N-terminal fragment concentration in the urine of mdx mice was more than 500-fold higher than that of normal *** titin was further analyzed by extending the collection of urine samples to both young(3-11 weeks old)and aged(56-58 weeks old)mdx *** concentration in the young group was significantly higher than that in the aged *** was concluded that muscle protein breakdown is active and persistent in mdx mice even though the muscle phenotype is *** results provide an opportunity to develop DMD treatments that aim to alleviate muscle protein breakdown by monitoring urinary titin levels.

关键词： biomarker Duchenne muscular dystrophy ELISA mdx mouse titin urine

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Amprolium exposure alters mice behavior and metabolism in vivo

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animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2018年第4期1卷 272-281页

作者： Juliana Oliveira Moraes Samara Dias Cardoso Rodrigues Leidiano Martins Pereira Rita de Cássia Noronha Medeiros Clarissa Amorim Silva de Cordova Fabiano Mendes de Cordova Programa de Pós-Gradua??o em Sanidade animal e Saúde Pública nos Trópicos Universidade Federal do Tocantins Curso de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal do Tocantins Curso de Medicina Universidade Federal do Tocantins

Background: Thiamine deficiency(TD) models have been developed, mainly using the thiamine analog pyrithiamine. Other analogs have not been used in rodents. We aimed to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of intraperitoneal(ip) amprolium-induced TD in mice. We also evaluated the associated pathogenesis using antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds(Trolox, dimethyl sulfoxide).Methods: Male mice were separated into two groups, one receiving a standard diet(control animals), and the other a TD diet(deficient groups) for 20 days. Control mice were further subdivided into three groups receiving daily ip injections of saline(NaCl0.9%; Cont group), Tolox(Tr group) or dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO; Dmso group). The three TD groups received amprolium(Amp group), amprolium and Trolox(Amp+Tr group), or amprolium and DMSO(Amp+Dmso group). The animals were subjected to behavioral tests and then euthanized. The brain and viscera were ***: Amprolium exposure induced weight loss with hyporexia, reduced the behavioral parameters(locomotion, exploratory activity, and motor coordination), and induced changes in the brain(lower cortical cell viability) and liver(steatosis). Trolox co-treatment partially improved these conditions, but to a lesser extent than ***: Amprolium-induced TD may be an interesting model, allowing the deficiency to develop more slowly and to a lesser extent. Amprolium exposure also seems to involve oxidative stress and inflammation, suggested as the main mechanisms of cell dysfunction in TD.

关键词： brain dimethyl sulfoxide thiamine deficiency Trolox

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2D Shape-based Fluorescence Molecular Tomography Through Hybrid Genetic Algorithm Based Optimization

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Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering(English Edition) 2016年第3期25卷 107-113页

作者： WANG Dai-fa WANG Ling FAN Yu-bo LI De-yu State Key laboratory of Software Development Environment Beihang University School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University

Fluorescence molecular tomography(FMT) aims at tomographicallyresolving the fluorescent targets deeply inside small animal based on transmission boundary measurements. The image reconstruction of FMT isknown to be highlyill-posed, due to the highly ***,priorinformationisusuallyrequired for successful reconstruction. In this paper, a novel reconstruction method incorporating shape priors is proposed for 2D FMT. The fluorescent targets were assumed of round shape, which was practically appropriate for approximating various shapes inside diffusive medium. Compared to the traditional pixel based reconstruction, the number of unknowns was greatly reduced to a few control parameters of round shapes. A hybrid genetic algorithm was proposed to recover the shape parameters. The numerical experiments showed that the proposed method significantly improves the imaging accuracy, offering clearer target boundaries and better resolution. Comparison results also demonstrated that the hybridization of genetic algorithm and Newton-typesearchwaspivotalandimportantforrobustlyfindingthegloballyoptimalshape parameters.

关键词： fluorescence tomography shape reconstruction genetic algorithm

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biomechanics of Musculoskeletal System and Its Biomimetic Implications： A Review

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2014年第2期11卷 159-175页

作者： Lei Ren Zhihui Qian Luquan Ren School of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil Engineering University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK Key laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education China) Jilin University Changchun 130022 P. R. China

Biological musculoskeletal system （MSK）, composed of numerous bones, cartilages, skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments etc., provides form, support, movement and stability for human or animal body. As the result of million years of selection and evolution, the biological MSK evolves to be a nearly perfect mechanical mechanism to support and transport the human or animal body, and would provide enormously rich resources to inspire engineers to innovate new technology and methodology to develop robots and mechanisms as effective and economical as the biological systems. This paper provides a general review of the current status of musculoskeletal biomechanics studies using both experimental and computational methods. This includes the use of the latest three-dimensional motion analysis systems, various medical imaging modalities, and also the advanced rigid-body and continuum mechanics musculoskeletal modelling techniques. Afterwards, several representative biomimetic studies based on ideas and concepts inspired from the structures and biomechanical functions of the biological MSK are dis- cussed. Finally, the major challenges and also the future research directions in musculoskeletal biomechanics and its biomimetic studies are proposed.

关键词： musculoskeletal system biomechanics multi-scale biomimetics biologically inspired robots and mechanisms

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An Experimental Study on the Gait Patterns and Kinematics of Chinese Mitten Crabs

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2013年第3期10卷 305-315页

作者： Jianqiao Li Xiaodong Zhang Meng Zou Rui Zhang Benard Chirende Ruiyang Shi Cangang Wei Key laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education China) Jilin University Changehun 130022 P. R. China Agricultural Research Council Institute for Agricultural Engineering Private Bag X 519 Silverton 0127 Pretoria South Africa

Despite the many studies on eight-legged animals and the importance of their mechanics of terrestrial locomotion, the mechanical energy of crabs in voluntary locomotion on uneven, unpredictable terrain surfaces has received little attention thus far. In this paper, motion video images of Chinese mitten crab （Eriocheir sinensis Milne-Edwards） locomotion on five types of terrains were recorded using a high-speed three-dimensional （3D） recording video system. The typical variables of locomotion such as gait patterns, duty factor, mechanical energy of the mass center, mass-specific write of the total mechanical power of the mass center, and percentage recovery, were analyzed. Results show that the Chinese mitten crab uses random gaits instead of the alternating tetrapod gait with the increasing terrain roughness. The duty factors of the rows of the leading legs are greater for all terrains than those of the rows of the trailing legs. On smooth terrain, the duty factors of the rows of the trailing legs are greater than that on rough terrains. Kinematic measurements and calculations reveal that similar to mammals, birds, and arthropods, the Chinese mitten crab uses two fundamental gaits to save mechanical energy： the inverted pendulum gait and the bouncing gait. The bouncing gait is the main pattern of mechanical energy conservation. The low probability of injury and energy expenditure due to adaptations to various terrains induce the Chinese mitten crab to modify the mass-specific rate of the total mechanical power of the mass center. The statistical results of percentage recovery also reveal that the Chinese mitten crab has lower energy recovery efficiency over rough terrains compared with smooth terrains.

关键词： biomechanics Chinese mitten crab gait patterns kinematics

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Effect of Gengnianchun Recipe (更年春方) on Bone Mineral Density, Bone Biomechanical Parameters and Serum Lipid Level in Ovariectomized Rats

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Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine 2006年第2期12卷 132-136页

作者：刘克菊王文君李大金金惠芳周文江 Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Fudan UniversityShanghai (200011) Radiology Institute of Fudan University Shanghai Department of Experimental animal of Fudan University Shanghai

Objective： To observe the effect of Gengnianchun Recipe （更年春方, GNC） on bone mineral density （BMD）, bone biomechanical parameters and serum lipid level in the bilaterally ovariectomized （OVX） rats and to explore the prophylactic and therapeutic action of GNC on ovariectomy induced osteoporosis and hyperlipidemia. Methods： OVX SD rats, 10- 12 months old, were divided into different groups and fed with GNC 2 g/d, GNC 1 g/d and Nilestriol 0. 125 mg/week, respectively for 4 months to observe the change of BMD and bone biomechanical parameters of the lumbar vertebrae, and the serum levels of total cholesterol （TO）, triglyceride（TG）, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）, and to compare the effect of the two drugs on the morphology of the uterus. Results： There was marked reduction in BMD and biomechanical parameters in lumbar vertebrae （ P〈0. 01 ） and increase of serum TO and LDL-C levels （ P〈0. 01 ） in rats after OVX. GNC or Nilestriol significantly improved the decreased BMD and biomechanical parameters of the lumbar vertebrae （ P〈0.05 or P〈0. 01 ）, and reduced the serum TO and LDL-C levels （ P〈0. 01 ）. In the Nilestriol group, the wet weight of uterus got increased obviously （ P〈0.01 ）, the number of uterine glands increased, uterine columnar epithelium thickened, and the mitotic figures in the epithelial stroma and myointimal cells augmented. But no such effect in wet weight and morphology of uterus was found in the GNC group. Conclusion： GNC could increase the BMD and biomechanical parameters of the lumbar vertebrae, reduce the serum TO and LDL-C levels, yet produce no adverse reaction in stimulating proliferation and hypertrophy of uterus.

关键词： Gengnianchun Recipe postmenopausal osteoporosis bone mineral density bone biomechanics total cholesterol low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

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Water Striders:The biomechanics of Water locomotion and Functional Morphology of the Hydrophobic Surface(Insecta:Hemiptera-Heteroptera)

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2008年第2期5卷 121-126页

作者： P. J. Perez Goodwynj Jin-tong Wang Zhou-ji Wang Ai-hong Ji Zhen-dong Dai K. Fujisaki Institute for Bio-lnspired Structure and Surface Engineering （IBSS） Nanjing University of Aeronautics andAstronautics Nanjing 210019 P. R. China laboratory oflnsect Ecology Graduate School of.4griculture Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan

Water striders are insects living on the water surface, over which they can move very quickly and rarely get wetted. We measured the force of free walking in water striders, using a hair attached to their backs and a 3D strain gauge. The error was calculated by comparing force and data derived from geometry and was estimated as 13%. Females on average were stronger （1.32 mN） than males （0.87 mN）, however, the ratio of force to weight was not significantly different. Compared with other lighter species, Aquarius paludum seems stronger, but the ratio of force to weight is actually lower. A. paludum applies about 0.3 ***^-1 to 0.4 *** 1 with its mid-legs, thus avoiding penetrating the surface tension layer while propelling itself rapidly over the water surface. We also investigated the external morphology with SEM. The body is covered by effectively two layers of macro-and micro-hairs, which renders them hydrophobic. The setae are long （40 μm-60μm） and stiff, being responsible for waterproofing, and the microtrichia are much smaller （〈10μm）, slender, and flexible, holding a bubble over the body when submerged.

关键词： force surface tension aquatic insect morphology microtrichia setae

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Neuroprotective effects of Alda-1 mitigate spinal cord injury in mice:involvement of Alda-1-induced ALDH2 activation-mediated suppression of reactive aldehyde mechanisms

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第1期17卷 185-193页

作者： Mushfiquddin Khan Fei Qiao Pavan Kumar S.M.Touhidul Islam Avtar K.Singh Jeseong Won Inderjit Singh Department of Pediatrics Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Department of Pathology and laboratory Medicine Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Ralph H.Johnson VA Medical Center CharlestonSCUSA

Spinal cord injury(SCI)is associated with high production and excessive accumulation of pathological 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal(4-HNE),a reactive aldehyde,formed by SCI-induced metabolic dysregulation of membrane *** aldehyde load causes redox alteration,neuroinflammation,neurodegeneration,pain-like behaviors,and locomotion *** scavenging of reactive aldehydes results in limited improved motor and sensory *** this study,we targeted the activity of mitochondrial enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 2(ALDH2)to detoxify 4-HNE for accelerated functional recovery and improved pain-like behavior in a male mouse model of contusion SCI.N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-2,6-dichlorobenzamide(Alda-1),a selective activator of ALDH2,was used as a therapeutic tool to suppress the 4-HNE *** was induced by an impactor at the T9–10 vertebral *** animals were initially treated with Alda-1 at 2 hours after injury,followed by once-daily treatment with Alda-1 for 30 consecutive *** function was evaluated by the Basso Mouse Scale,and pain-like behaviors were assessed by mechanical allodynia and thermal ***2 activity was measured by enzymatic assay.4-HNE protein adducts and enzyme/protein expression levels were determined by western blot analysis and histology/*** resulted in a sustained and prolonged overload of 4-HNE,which parallels with the decreased activity of ALDH2 and low functional ***-1 treatment of SCI decreased 4-HNE load and enhanced the activity of ALDH2 in both the acute and the chronic phases of ***,the treatment with Alda-1 reduced neuroinflammation,oxidative stress,and neuronal loss and increased adenosine 5′-triphosphate levels stimulated the neurorepair process and improved locomotor and sensory ***,the results provide evidence that enhancing the ALDH2 activity by Alda-1 treatment of SCI mice suppresses the 4-HNE load that attenuates neuroinfl

关键词： 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal Alda-1 ALDH2 Basso Mouse Scale score functional recovery mitochondrial function neuroinflammation neuroprotection pain spinal cord injury

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A proctolin-like peptide is regulated after baculovirus infection and mediates in caterpillar locomotion and digestion

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Insect Science 2022年第1期29卷 230-244页

作者： Angel Llopis-Giménez Stefano Parenti Yue Han Vera I.D.Ros Salvador Herrero Department of Genetics and Institut Universitari en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina(BIOTECMED) Universitat de ValenciaValenciaSpain laboratory of Virology Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands Current address.Department of Pathology University of CambridgeCambridgeUK

Baculoviruses constitute a large group of invertebrate DNA viruses, predominantly infecting larvae of the insect order Lepidoptera. During a baculovirus infection, the virus spreads throughout the insect body producing a systemic infection in multiple larval tissues, included the central nervous system (CNS). As a main component of the CNS, neuropeptides are small protein-like molecules functioning as neurohormones, neurotransmitters, or neuromodulators. These peptides are involved in regulating animal physiology and behavior and could be altered after baculovirus infection. In this study, we have investigated the effect of Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) infection on expression of Spodoptera exigua neuropeptides and neuropeptide-like genes. Expression of the gene encoding a polypeptide that resembles the well-known insect neuropeptide proctolin and named as proctolin-like peptide (PLP), was downregulated in the larval brain following infection and was chosen for further analysis. A recombinant Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) overexpressing the C-terminal part of the PLP was generated and used in bioassays using S. exigua larvae to study its influence on the viral infection and insect behavior. AcMNPV-PLP-infected larvae showed less locomotion activity and a reduction in growth compared to larvae infected with wild type AcMNPV or mock-infected larvae. These results are indicative of this new peptide as a neuromodulator that regulates visceral and skeletal muscle contractions and offers a novel effector involved in the behavioral changes during baculovirus infection.

关键词： beet armyworm behavior neuromodulator neuropeptide physiology SeM-NPV

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Biomedical Engineering Approach to Evaluate Anastomosis Methods for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Biomedical Engineering Approach to Evaluate Anastomosis Meth...

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2004年生命系统建模仿真国际会议暨第一届全国生命系统建模仿真学术会议

作者： M.Umezu J.Kawai J.Suehiro M.Arita Y.Shiraishi K.Iwasaki T.Tanaka H.Niinami Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering Graduate School of Waseda University Tokyo Japan Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering Graduate School of Waseda University Tokyo Japan Yasuhisa Biomechanics Inc. Tokyo Japan Dept. of Cardiovascular Surgery Juntendo Medical University Tokyo Japan

There are two different methods for coronary artery bypass grafting: end-to-side and side-to-side anastomosis. In vitro mock test, flow visualization and animal experiments were performed in parallel to compare the hemodynamic effect between two methods. Thus, bioengineers can provide practical useful information to the clinical team.

关键词： coronary artery bypass grafting coronary simulator side-to-side anastomosis flow visualization

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