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Balancing the Quantum Speed Limit and Instantaneous Energy Cost in Adiabatic Quantum Evolution

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第4期41卷 7-12页

作者：徐建文张宇佳郑文蔡浩阳周浩宇李先科廖绪东张钰李邵雄兰栋谭新生于扬 National laboratory of Solid State Microstructures School of PhysicsNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Shishan laboratory Suzhou Campus of Nanjing UniversitySuzhou 215163China Hefei National laboratory Hefei 230088China

Adiabatic time-optimal quantum controls are extensively used in quantum technologies to break the constraints imposed by short coherence ***,practically it is crucial to consider the trade-off between the quantum evolution speed and instantaneous energy cost of process because of the constraints in the available control ***,we experimentally show that using a transmon qubit that,even in the presence of vanishing energy gaps,it is possible to reach a highly time-optimal adiabatic quantum driving at low energy cost in the whole evolution *** validates the recently derived general solution of the quantum Zermelo navigation problem,paving the way for energy-efficient quantum control which is usually overlooked in conventional speed-up schemes,including the well-known counter-diabatic *** designing the control Hamiltonian based on the quantum speed limit bound quantified by the changing rate of phase in the interaction picture,we reveal the relationship between the quantum speed limit and instantaneous energy ***,we demonstrate fast and high-fidelity quantum adiabatic processes by employing energy-efficient driving strengths,indicating a promising strategy for expanding the applications of time-optimal quantum controls in superconducting quantum circuits.

关键词： process quantum adiabatic

Catalysis by subsurface metal atoms in Al(001) through electron transfer

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 12-13页

作者： Bo Sun Ding Ma Beijing National laboratory for Molecular Science New Cornerstone Science Laboratory College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University

Heterogeneous catalysis plays a crucial role in the chemical industry, which has evolved from the investigation of chemisorption to an electronic structure[1]. Diverse strategies, such as alloying,doping, and confining, have been applied to enhance the catalytic properties of active sites through electronic modulation. The electron transfer between active sites and substrates profoundly influences catalytic activity [2].

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Recent advances in protein conformation sampling by combining machine learning with molecular simulation

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第3期33卷 80-87页

作者：唐一鸣杨中元姚逸飞周运谈圆王子超潘瞳熊瑞孙俊力韦广红 Department of Physics State Key Laboratory of Surface Physicsand Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education)Shanghai 200438China

The rapid advancement and broad application of machine learning(ML)have driven a groundbreaking revolution in computational *** of the most cutting-edge and important applications of ML is its integration with molecular simulations to improve the sampling efficiency of the vast conformational space of large *** review focuses on recent studies that utilize ML-based techniques in the exploration of protein conformational *** first highlight the recent development of ML-aided enhanced sampling methods,including heuristic algorithms and neural networks that are designed to refine the selection of reaction coordinates for the construction of bias potential,or facilitate the exploration of the unsampled region of the energy ***,we review the development of autoencoder based methods that combine molecular simulations and deep learning to expand the search for protein ***,we discuss the cutting-edge methodologies for the one-shot generation of protein conformations with precise Boltzmann ***,this review demonstrates the promising potential of machine learning in revolutionizing our insight into the complex conformational ensembles of proteins.

关键词： machine learning molecular simulation protein conformational space enhanced sampling

Brønsted-acid sites induced photocatalytic cracking of low-polarity polyethylene plastics

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第9期96卷 509-515页

作者： Qianyou Wen Quan Zhang Zhengzheng Liu Huining Wang Shuya Hao Fan Zhang Lijuan Zhang Qing Han Gengfeng Zheng laboratory of Advanced Materials Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

Polyolefins such as polyethylene(PE)are one of the largest-scale synthetic plastics and play a key role in modern ***,polyethylene is extremely inert to chemical recycling owing to its lack of chemical functionality and low polarity,making it one of the most challenging environmental hazards ***,we developed a phosphorylated CeO_(2)catalyst by an organophosphate precursor and featured efficient photocatalysis of low-density polyethylene(LDPE)without the acid or alkaline *** to pristine CeO_(2),the surface phosphorylation allows to introduce Brønsted acid sites,which facilitate to form carbonium ions on LDPE via *** addition,the suitable band structure of the phosphorylated CeO_(2)catalyst enables efficient photoabsorption and generates reactive oxygen species,leading to the C–C bond cleavage of *** a result,the phosphorylated CeO_(2)catalyst exhibited an outstanding carbon conversion rate of>94%after 48 h of photocatalysis under 50 mW/cm^(2)of simulated sunlight,with a high CO_(2)product selectivity of>99%.Furthermore,the PE microparticles with sizes larger than 10μm released from LDPE plastic wrap were directly and completely degraded by photocatalysis within 12 h,suggesting an attractive and environmentally benign strategy of utilizing solar energy-based photocatalysis for reducing potential hazards of LDPE plastic trashes.

关键词： Photocatalytic cracking Polyethylene Surface phosphorylation Bronsted-acid site Carbon conversion

Production of Functional Materials Derived from Regenerated Silk Fibroin by Utilizing 3D Printing and Biomimetic Enzyme-induced Mineralization

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第3期42卷 299-310,I0005页

作者： Ni Chen Fei-Yu Luo Gong-Wen Yang Jin-Rong Yao Xin Chen Zheng-Zhong Shao State Key laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

Critical-sized bone defects, commonly encountered in clinical orthopedic surgery, present a significant challenge. One of the promising solutions is to prepare synthetic bone substitute materials with precise structural control, mechanical compatibility, and enhanced osteogenic induction performance, nevertheless the successful preparation of such materials remains difficult. In this study, a two-step technique,integrating an extrusion-based printing process with biomimetic mineralization induced by alkaline phosphatase(ALP), was developed. Initially,a pre-cured hydrogel of regenerated silk fibroin(RSF) with a small quantity of hydroxypropyl cellulose(HPC) and ALP was prepared through heating the mixed aqueous solution. This pre-cured hydrogel demonstrated thixotropic property and could be directly extruded into predetermined structures through a 3D-printer. Subsequently, the 3D-printed RSF-based materials with ALP underwent biomimetic in situ mineralization in calcium glycerophosphate(Ca-GP) mineralizing solution, utilizing the polymer chains of RSF as templates and ALP as a trigger for cleaving phosphate bonds of Ca-GP. The resulting 3D-printed RSF-mineral composites including hydrogel and sponge possessed adjustable compression modulus of megapascal grade and variable hydroxyapatite content, which could be controlled by manipulating the duration of the mineralization ***, these 3D-printed RSF-mineral composites demonstrated non-cytotoxicity towards rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Therefore, they may hold great potential for applications involving the replacement of tissues characterized by osteoinductivity and intricate structures.

关键词： Silk protein Alkaline phosphatase Extrusion-based printing Biomineralization

Transient long-range distance measurement by a Vernier spectral interferometry

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Photonics Research 2024年第6期12卷 1107-1114页

作者： LIANG XU KUN WANG CHEN LIU WENYING CHEN CHI ZHANG XINLIANG ZHANG Wuhan National laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Optics Valley laboratory Wuhan 430074China

Rapid and long-range distance measurements are essential in various industrial and scientific applications,and among them,the dual-comb ranging system attracts great attention due to its high ***,the tem-poral asynchronous sampling results in the tradeoff between frame rate and ranging precision,and the non-ambiguity range(NAR)is also limited by the comb cycle,which hinders the further advancement of the dual-comb ranging *** this constraint,we introduce a Vernier spectral interferometry to improve the frame rate and NAR of the ranging ***,leveraging the dispersive time-stretch technology,the dual-comb interferometry becomes spectral ***,the asynchronous time step is unlimited,and the frame rate is improved to 100 ***,dual-wavelength bands are introduced to implement a Vernier spectral interferometry,whose NAR is enlarged from 1.5 m to 1.5 ***,this fast and long-range system also demonstrated high precision,with a 22.91-nm Allan deviation over 10-ms averaging *** a result,the proposed Vernier spectral interferometry ranging system is promising for diverse applications that necessitate rapid and extensive distance measurement.

关键词： interferometry spectral system

Dietary Supplementation of β-Carotene Reveals miRNAs Involved in the Regulation of Carotenoid Metabolism in Crassostrea gigas

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第4期23卷 1045-1053页

作者： SUN Dongfang WAN Sai YU Hong KONG Lingfeng LI Qi Key laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China

Carotenoids play crucial physiological roles in animals.A comprehensive investigation into the mechanism of carotenoid metabolism in oysters will establish a theoretical foundation for further development of its carotenoid-rich ***,the information on the function of miRNA in β-carotene metabolism in oysters is *** elucidate the mechanisms underlying miRNA regulation of carotenoid metabolism in oysters,we compared the expressions of miRNA in digestive gland tissues of Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas)fed with aβ-carotene supplemented diet and a normal diet,respectively.A total of 690 candidate miRNAs in the Pacific oyster digestive gland tissues were identified,including 590 known miRNAs and 111 unknown *** differentially expressed miRNAs were obtained in the carotenoid-fed and normal groups,associated to 137 differentially expressed target ***,the GO enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed target genes were mainly involved in transmembrane transport *** enrichment showed that the differentially expressed target genes were involved in ABC *** of the mRNA-miRNA network revealed that novel0025 played a central role in carotenoid metabolism,and it was negatively correlated with the expression of 46 *** addition,down-regulated expression of novel0025 upregulated the expression of the lipoprotein gene LOC105342186,suggesting a potential regulatory role in carotenoid *** results provide useful information for elucidating the miRNA regulation mechanism during carotenoids metabolism in the Pacific oyster.

关键词： Crassostrea gigas β-carotene microRNA carotenoid metabolism

PDK1 promotes breast cancer progression by enhancing the stability and transcriptional activity of HIF-1α

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 353-367页

作者： Yu Wei Dian Zhang He Shi Husun Qian Hongling Chen Qian Zeng Fangfang Jin Yan Ye Zuli Ou Minkang Guo Bianqin Guo Tingmei Chen Key laboratory of Clinical laboratory Diagnostics(Ministry of Education) College of Laboratory MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Chongqing Key laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment Chongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing 400030China

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1(PDK1)phosphorylates the pyruvate dehydroge-nase complex,which inhibits its *** pyruvate dehydrogenase complex inhibits the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the reprogramming of tumor cell metabolism to glycolysis,which plays an important role in tumor *** study aims to elucidate how PDK1 pro-motes breast cancer *** found that PDK1 was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues,and PDK1 knockdown reduced the proliferation,migration,and tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells and inhibited the HIF-1α(hypoxia-inducible factor 1α)*** investigation showed that PDK1 promoted the protein stability of HIF-1αby reducing the level of ubiquitination of HIF-1α.The HIF-1αprotein levels were dependent on PDK1 kinase ***,HIF-1αphosphorylation at serine 451 was detected in wild-type breast cancer cells but not in PDK1 knockout breast cancer *** phosphorylation of HIF-1αat Ser 451 stabilized its protein levels by inhibiting the interaction of HIF-1αwith von Hippel-Lindau and prolyl hydroxylase *** also found that PDK1 enhanced HIF-1αtranscriptional *** summary,PDK1 enhances HIF-1αprotein stability by phosphorylating HIF-1αat Ser451 and promotes HIF-1αtranscriptional activity by enhancing the binding of HIF-1αto ***1 and HIF-1αform a positive feedback loop to promote breast cancer progression.

关键词： Breast cancer HIF-1α PDK1 Protein phosphorylation Transcriptional activity

Non-Targeted Metabolomics Reveals the Metabolic Alterations in Response to Artificial Selective Breeding in the Fast-Growing Strains of Pacific Oyster

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第2期23卷 518-528页

作者： HU Boyang TIAN Yuan LIU Shikai LI Qi Key laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China

Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas)is one of the most important mollusks cultured all around the *** breeding programs of Pacific oysters in China is initiated since 2006 and developed the genetically improved strain with fast-growing ***,little is known about the metabolic signatures of the fast-growing *** the present study,the non-targeted metabolomics was performed to analyze the metabolic signatures of adductor muscle tissue in one-year old Pacific oysters from fast-growing strain and the wild population.A total of 7767 and 10174 valid peaks were extracted and quantified in ESI^(+)and ESI^(−)modes,resulting in 399 and 381 annotated metabolites,*** and OPLS-DA revealed that considerable separation among samples from fastgrowing strain and wild population,suggesting the differences in metabolic ***,81 significantly different metabolites(SDMs)were identified in the comparisons between fast-growing strain and wild population,based on the strict *** was found that there were highly correlation and conserved coordination among these *** enrichment analysis indicated that the SDMs were tightly related to pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis,steroid hormone biosynthesis,riboflavin metabolism,and arginine and proline *** them,the CoA biosynthesis and metabolism,affected by pantetheine and pantothenic acid,might be important for the growth of Pacific oysters under artificial selective *** study provides the comprehensive views of metabolic signatures in response to artificially selective breeding,and is helpful to better understand the molecular mechanism of fastgrowing traits in Pacific oysters.

关键词： metabolic signature Pacific oyster artificial selection fast-growing trait