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Emerging evidence of the physiological role of hypoxia in mammary development and lactation

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第3期5卷 262-272页

作者： Yong Shao Feng-Qi Zhao laboratory of lactation and metabolic physiology Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of Vermont

Hypoxia is a physiological or pathological condition of a deficiency of oxygen supply in the body as a whole or within a tissue. During hypoxia, tissues undergo a series of physiological responses to defend themselves against a low oxygen supply, including increased angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, and glucose uptake. The effects of hypoxia are mainly mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 （HIF-1）, which is a heterodimeric transcription factor consisting of o and 13 subunits. HIF-1β is constantly expressed, whereas HIF-1α is degraded under normal oxygen conditions. Hypoxia stabilizes HIF-1α and the HIF complex, and HIF then translocates into the nucleus to initiate the expression of target genes. Hypoxia has been extensively studied for its role in promoting tumor progression, and emerging evidence also indicates that hypoxia may play important roles in physiological processes, including mammary development and lactation. The mammary gland exhibits an increasing metabolic rate from pregnancy to lactation to support mammary growth, lactogenesis, and lactation. This process requires increasing amounts of oxygen consumption and results in localized chronic hypoxia as confirmed by the binding of the hypoxia marker pimonidazole HCI in mouse mammary gland. We hypothesized that this hypoxic condition promotes mammary development and lactation, a hypothesis that is supported by the following several lines of evidence： i） Mice with an HIF-1α deletion selective for the mammary gland have impaired mammary differentiation and lipid secretion, resulting in lactation failure and striking changes in milk compositions; ii） We recently observed that hypoxia significantly induces HIF-1α- dependent glucose uptake and GLUT1 expression in mammary epithelial cells, which may be responsible for the dramatic increases in glucose uptake and GLUT1 expression in the mammary gland during the transition period from late pregnancy to early lactation; and iii） Hypoxia and HIF-1α increase the phospho

关键词： Glucose transporter Hypoxia Hypoxia inducible factor lactation Mammary development Metabolism

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Functional characterization of oligopeptide transporter 1 of dairy cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第2期9卷 391-398页

作者： Qingbiao Xu Zhixuan Liu Hongyun Liu Fengqi Zhao Xinbei Huang Yueming Wu Jianxin Liu Institute of Dairy Science MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University laboratory of lactation and metabolic physiology Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences University of Vermont

Background: It is wel known that peptides play a vital role in the nutrition and health of dairy cows. Bovine oligopeptide transporter 1(bP epT 1) is involved in the peptide transport process in the gastrointestinal tracts of dairy cows. However,little information is known in the characteristics of bP epT 1. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize bP epT 1 functional y using a mammalian cel expression system. The uptake of radiolabeled dipeptide glycyl-sarcosine([3 H]-Gly-Sar)into the bP epT 1-transfected Chinese hamster ovary cel s was measured at various pH and substrate concentrations and with or without 15 other smal peptides that contained Met or ***: Western blot results showed that the abundance of bP epT 1 protein in the jejunum and ileum are the highest in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows. The uptake of [3 H]-Gly-Sar by b Pep T1-Chinese hamster ovary cells was dependent on time, p H, and substrate concentration, with a low Kmvalue of 0.94 ± 0.06 mmol/L and a maximum velocity of 20.80 ± 1.74 nmol/(mg protein · 5 min). Most of the di-and tripeptides were the substrates of b Pep T1,based on substrate-competitive studies. However, bP epT 1 has a higher affinity to the peptides with shorter chains, greater hydrophobicity, and negative or neutral ***: These results demonstrated for the first time the functional characteristics of bP epT 1, and they provide a new insight and better understanding into its vital role in absorbing a wide range of peptides from the digestive tract of dairy cows.

关键词： Bovine Kinetics PepT1 Peptide absorption Substrate specificity

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Cortisol levels in skimmed milk during the first 22 weeks of lactation and response to short-term metabolic stress and lameness in dairy cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第4期6卷 485-491页

作者： Katharina Gellrich Tanja Sigl Heinrich H.D.Meyer Steffi Wiedemann physiology Weihenstephan Technische Universitaet Muenchen Animal Health Institute of Animal Breeding and HusbandryKiel University

Background： Cortisol is secreted into blood in reaction to acute stress, but also in phases of diminished feed intake and changed animal behavior. As cows do not always show clear signs of discomfort, reliable diagnostic markers could be used to provide information regarding individual cows＇ distress. The objective of this study was to establish an ether free immunoassay for the detection of cortisol and to determine values during the first 22 weeks of lactation. Furthermore, the response in milk cortisol levels was assessed during times of metabolic stress and pain associated symptoms of lameness. Methods： Milk yield and composition, blood serum glucose, NEFA and BHBA as well as milk cortisol were determined in 24 multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows over the course of the first 22 weeks of lactation. Animals were further checked for signs of clinical diseases on a daily basis. Two feed restrictions over three days （FR; 70 % of precious ad libitum intake） were performed during the 4th wk and the 21st wk, respectively. An ELISA for cortisol measurement in easily accessible bovine skimmed milk was established and applied. Results： On the last day of FR in early lactation, a reduction in milk yield and changes in serum metabolites compared to respective previous values were detected. The FR in mid-lactation resulted in no changes in milk production and serum metabolites. Milk cortisol was highest during first wk of lactation and remained on comparable levels thereafter. Milk yield and composition were not influenced by FR. Lameness resulted in enhanced milk cortisol levels. Conclusion： Milk cortisol could be used as an indicator of painful symptoms such as lameness. Higher values of milk cortisol levels during first wk of lactation should be taken into account for interpretation.

关键词： Cortisol Dairy cow ELISA Feed restriction Milk

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Prevention of metabolic decompensation in an infant with mutase deficient methylmalonic aciduria undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2014年第1期10卷 83-85页

作者： Raymond Y Wang Richard C Chang Mary E Sowa Anthony C Chang Jose E Abdenur Division of metabolic Disorders CHOC Children's FoundationDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of California Irvine School of MedicineOrangeCAUSA Department of Clinical Nutrition and lactation CHOC Children'sOrangeCAUSA Division of Cardiology Pediatric Subspecialty FacultyHeart InstituteCHOC Children'sOrangeCAUSA

Background:Effects of circulatory arrest upon an inborn error of metabolism patient are ***:A retrospective chart review was performed of outcome and biochemical parameters obtained during palliative cardiac surgery for a mutase-deficient methylmalonic aciduria patient with Ebstein’s cardiac anomaly was ***:The levels of ammonia,methylmalonic acid,free carnitine,and propionylcarnitine of the patient were *** patient survived surgery following institution of four metabolic treatment principles:1)restriction of toxic substrate;2)promotion of anabolism via administration of carbohydrate and lipid calories;3)administration of detoxifying levocarnitine and sodium benzoate;and 4)cobalamin enzymatic co-factor *** patient died from post-operative dysrhythmia and was posthumously determined to have compound heterozygosity for mutations predicting severe,cobalamin non-responsive disease:c.322C>T/c.1233del3(p.R108C/p.ΔI412).Conclusion:metabolic decompensation is preventable during cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegia using four principles of metabolic treatment.

关键词： bypass management methylmalonic aciduria

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Mechanism of iron on the intestinal epithelium development in suckling piglets

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第9期66卷 2070-2085页

作者： Lanmei Yin Yitong Zhang Jun Li Jing Zhou Qiye Wang Jing Huang Jianzhong Li Huansheng Yang Hunan International Joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China Key laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessNational Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry ProductionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125China Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of SciencesTianjin 300308China State Key laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products Yinxiang GroupFujian Aonong BiologicaI Science and Technology Group Co.Ltd.Key Laboratory of Swine Nutrition and Feed Science of Fujian ProvinceZhangzhou 363000China

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of iron on intestinal epithelium development of suckling piglets. Compared with newborn piglets, 7-day-old and 21-day-old piglets showed changes in the morphology of the jejunum, increased proliferation,differentiated epithelial cells, and expanded enteroids. Intestinal epithelium maturation markers and iron metabolism genes were significantly changed. These results suggest that lactation is a critical stage in intestinal epithelial development, accompanied by changes in iron metabolism. In addition, deferoxamine(DFO) treatment inhibited the activity of intestinal organoids at passage 4(P4) of 0-day-old piglets, but no significant difference was observed in epithelial maturation markers at passage 1(P1) and P4,and only argininosuccinate synthetase 1(Ass1) and β-galactosidase(Gleb) were up-regulated at passage 7(P7). These results in vitro show that iron deficiency may not directly affect intestinal epithelium development through intestinal stem cells(ISCs). The iron supplementation significantly down-regulated the m RNA expression of interleukin-22 receptor subunit alpha-2(IL-22RA2)in the jejunum of piglets. Furthermore, the m RNA expression of IL-22 in 7-day-old piglets was significantly higher than that in0-day-old piglets. Adult epithelial markers were significantly up-regulated in organoids treated with recombinant murine cytokine IL-22. Thus, IL-22 may play a key role in iron-affecting intestinal epithelium development.

关键词： iron suckling piglets intestinal epithelium development interleukin-22

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The transgenerational effects of maternal low-protein diet during lactation on offspring

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第8期51卷 824-835页

作者： Lin-Jian Gu Li Li Qian-Nan Li Ke Xu Wei Yue Jing-Yi Qiao Tie-Gang Meng Ming-Zhe Dong Wen-Long Lei Jia-Ni Guo Zhen-Bo Wang Qing-Yuan Sun State Key laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute of laboratory Animal Sciences CAMS&PUMCBeijing 100021China Guangzhou Key laboratory of metabolic Diseases and Reproductive Health Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism&Reproduction Joint LaboratoryReproductive Medicine CenterGuangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhouGuangdong 510317China

Environmental factors such as diet and lifestyle can influence the health of both mothers and ***,its transgenerational transmission and underlying mechanisms remain largely ***,using a maternal lactation-period low-protein diet(LPD)mouse model,we show that maternal LPD during lactation causes decreased survival and stunted growth,significantly reduces ovulation and litter size,and alters the gut microbiome in the female LPD-F1 *** transcriptome of LPD-F1 metaphase II(MII)oocytes shows that differentially expressed genes are enriched in female pregnancy and multiple metabolic ***,maternal LPD causes early stunted growth and impairs metabolic health,which is transmitted over two *** methylome alteration of LPD-F1 oocytes can be partly transmitted to the F2 ***,our results reveal that LPD during lactation transgenerationally affects offspring health,probably via oocyte epigenetic changes.

关键词： lactationdiet Maternal low-proteindiet DNAmethylation Transgenerational effect Oocyte

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Plasma metabolic profiling reveals that chromium yeast alleviates the negative effects of heat stress in mid-lactation dairy cows

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第2期13卷 401-410页

作者： Yeqianli Wo Fengtao Ma Qiang Shan Duo Gao Yuhang Jin Peng Sun State Key laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China

Chromium yeast(CY)supplementation has the potential to alleviate the negative effects of heat stress in dairy cows,but the mechanism remains *** aimed to identify the metabolic mechanisms whereby CY supplementation alleviates the negative effects of heat stress in mid-lactation dairy *** Holstein dairy cows with similar milk yield(24.6±1.5 kg/d),parity(2 or 3)and days in milk(125±8 d)were fed the same basal diet containing 0.09 mg of Cr/kg *** were allocated randomly to 2 groups:a control group(CON,without CY supplementation)and a CY group(CY,administered 0.36 mg Cr/kg DM).The experiment was performed over 8 weeks during a hot summer,in which the mean temperature-humidity index was 79.0±3.13(>72),indicating that the dairy cows were exposed to heat *** yeast supplementation reduced rectal temperature(P=0.032),and increased the lactation performance by increasing the yield of milk(+2.6 kg/d),protein,lactose and total solid,and protein and lactose percentages in the milk of the heat-stressed dairy cows(P1.0,Plactation performance of heat-stressed dairy *** conclusion,CY supplementation reduces re

关键词： Chromium yeast Heat stress Metabolomics Nicotinamide Dairy cow

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 in dairy cows:current knowledge and potential relevance

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第2期13卷 303-315页

作者： Klaus Eder Denise K.Gessner Robert Ringseis Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition physiology Justus-Liebig-University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 26-3235392 GiessenGermany

Fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21)has been identified as an important regulator of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism,which plays an important role for metabolic regulation,particularly under conditions of energy deprivation or stress *** cows are subjected to a negative energy balance and various kinds of stress particularly during the periparturient phase and during early *** has been shown that the plasma concentration of FGF21 in dairy cows is dramatically increased at parturition and remains high during the first weeks of *** finding suggests that FGF21 might exert similar functions in dairy cows than in other species,such as mice or ***,the role of FGF21 in dairy cows has been less investigated so *** a brief summary of the previous findings about the function of FGF21 in humans and mice,the present review aims to present the current state of knowledge about the role of FGF21 in dairy *** first part of the review deals with the tissue localization of FGF21 and with conditions leading to an upregulation of FGF21 expression in the liver of dairy *** the second part,the influence of nutrition on FGF21 expression and the role of FGF21 for metabolic diseases in dairy cows is *** the third part,findings of exogenous FGF21 application on metabolism in dairy cows are ***,the potential relevance of FGF21 in dairy cows is *** is concluded that FGF21 might be of great importance for metabolic adaptation to negative energy balance and stress conditions in dairy ***,further studies are needed for a better understanding of the functions of FGF21 in dairy cows.

关键词： Dairy cow Energy deprivation Fibroblast growth factor 21 metabolic adaptation Stress

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Dietary silymarin ameliorating reproductive and lactation performance of sows via regulating body antioxidant and metabolism

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Digital Chinese Medicine 2022年第3期5卷 286-294页

作者： WEI Liangkai HOU Gaifeng LONG Cimin CHEN Fengming BAI Xinliang LI Rui YIN Yulong Chinese Academy of Sciences Key laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource TechnologyKey Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process of HunanInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangshaHunan 410125China Nanning Dabei Agricultural Feed Technology Co. Ltd.NanningGuangxi 530105China Academician Workstation Changsha Medical UniversityChangshaHunan 410219China Inner Mongolia Ever Brilliance Biotechnology Co. Ltd.TongliaoInner Mongolia 028400China

Objective The experiment was conducted to explore the effects of silymarin on reproductive and lactation performance,serum antioxidants,and body metabolism of *** Sixty pregnant sows(85 d,Large×Landrace)with similar genetic background,body condition,and parity were randomly divided into three groups,and each group has 20 individually housed *** sows in the control group(CG)were fed with basal diet,and those in the experimental group A(EGA)and B(EGB)were fed with basal diet containing 250 and 500 mg/kg silymarin,*** experiment lasted 46 days from day 85 of gestation to the end of lactation(weaning on day 17).The milk composition and serum biochemical para-meters were determined by a milk composition analyzer and a blood biochemical analyzer,*** antioxidant indexes and plasma hormone levels were measured using the biochemical *** gas chromatograph was applied to detect the fecal short chain fatty *** Compared with the CG,the total feed intake(TFI)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)were significantly increased(Plactation(P=0.099)compared with the *** with the CG,the serum triglyceride(TG)concentrations in the EG tended to increase on day 90 of gestation(P=0.062),and the content of serum total protein(TP)and albumin(ALB)reduced on day 17 of lactation(P<0.01).Compared with the CG,plasm D-lactic acid content was decreased(P<0.05),and the plasma prostaglandin(PG)level tended to increase(P=0.088)in the EG on the day of farrowing and day 17 of *** with the CG,fecal isobutyric acid concentration in the EG significantly decreased on the day of farrowing(P<0.05).Conclusion Adding 250-500 mg/kg silymarin to diets from the l

关键词： Silymarin Sow Reproductive and lactation performance Antioxidant Body metabolism

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Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9 may be vertically transmitted from mother to infant during lactation based on faeces metagenomics

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第2期13卷 721-728页

作者： Lan Yang Lai-Yu Kwok Zhihong Sun Heping Zhang Key laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering Ministry of EducationInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China Key laboratory of Dairy Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China Inner Mongolia Key laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China

Probiotics exert beneficial effects on the *** study aimed to investigate whether maternally ingested Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9 during pregnancy could access and colonize the infant *** study recruited one pregnant woman,who ingested Probio-M9 daily from 35 weeks of gestation to *** of the mother-infant pair were regularly collected from one month before delivery to 6 months of infant's age for metagenomic ***-M9 genomes were mappable to all infant fecal samples,suggesting the ingested probiotics could be vertically transmitted from mother to ***-or mother-specific differential metabolic pathways were found between the maternal and infant's gut microbiome,implicating apparent differences in the intestinal metagenomic potential/function between the mother and the *** conclusion,maternal ingestion of Probio-M9 during the final weeks of gestation could deliver to the infant *** findings provided novel insights into shaping infant's gut microbiota.

关键词： Metagenomic analysis Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Gut microbiome Mother Infant

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