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The Importance of Mathematical Models to Explore the Effects of Marijuana and Other Plant Based Products on Learning and Memory

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Natural Science 2019年第5期11卷 149-186页

作者： Charles I. Abramson Sarah Markland Igor I. Stepanov laboratory of comparative psychology and behavioral biology Departments of Psychology and Integrative Biology Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA

This article describes the use of the first order system transfer function for learning and memory studies involving consumption of marijuana and other plant based products. We provide detailed instructions on how the model can be used to analyze the performance of individual participants using a memory test developed by the senior authors. The importance of identifying possible learning and memory deficits of marijuana is paramount due to the growing number of states in the U.S. legalizing marijuana use for medicinal and recreational purposes. The model can also be extended to other plant based products purported to improve memory. While this article does not study the effect of marijuana, we provide details on how it can be used by illustrating its application on individuals consuming an amphetamine-like psychostimulant drug using our own memory test.

关键词： Learning Memory Marijuana Mathematical Models Plant Based Products

Preliminary Analyses of Expression of Learning and Memory Related Genes in Honey Bees (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) in Free-Choice Learning Paradigms

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Natural Science 2021年第6期13卷 194-207页

作者： Timothy E. Black Medhat Radi Amanda Somers Charles I. Abramson laboratory of comparative psychology and behavioral biology Psychology Department Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Pest Physiology Department Plant Protection Research Institute ARC Giza Egypt

Honey bees are an established animal model for studying learning and memory related behaviors. In recent years, honey bees have become more common as a model for investigations of molecular biology, including gene expression. Honey bees have been used to extrapolate genetic functions found in other invertebrates, such as Drosophila melanogaster. The honey bee model has also provided a means for isolating novel genes, including non-coding microRNA fragments. Integrating the study of learning and memory with molecular genetics, the present work examines the effect of learning acquisition and memory consolidation in free-choice paradigms on the expression of a suite of genes of interest. Results suggest that short-term learning acquisition causes differential expression of microRNA fragments, while memory consolidation differentially affects the expression of the serine/threonine protein kinase gene in honey bees. These results corroborate previous findings suggesting the importance of protein kinases in the formation of long term memory, and suggest that microRNA may play a large role in regulation of cytoskeletal scaffolding proteins.

关键词： Honey Bees Learning Memory Gene Expression microRNA

Nutrient restriction-activated Fra-2 promotes tumor progression via IGF1R in miR-15a downmodulated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第3期9卷 1132-1146页

作者： Gian Luca Rampioni Vinciguerra Marina Capece Luca Reggiani Bonetti Giovanni Nigita Federica Calore Sydney Rentsch Paolo Magistri Roberto Ballarin Fabrizio Di Benedetto Rosario Distefano Roberto Cirombella Andrea Vecchione Barbara Belletti Gustavo Baldassarre Francesca Lovat Carlo M.Croce Department of Cancer biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State UniversityColumbus 43210 OHUSA Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine and PsychologySant’Andrea HospitalUniversity of Rome“Sapienza”Rome 00189Italy Department of Diagnostic Clinic and Public Health MedicineUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena 41100Italy Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena 41100Italy Division of Molecular Oncology Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano(CRO)Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(IRCCS)National Cancer InstituteAviano 33081Italy

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is a lethal disease,characterized by an intense desmoplastic reaction that compresses blood vessels and limits nutrient *** aggressiveness largely relies on its extraordinary capability to thrive and progress in a challenging tumor *** of the onco-suppressor miR-15a has been extensively documented in ***,we identified the transcription factor Fos-related antigen-2(Fra-2)as a miR-15a target mediating the adaptive mechanism of PDAC to nutrient *** report that the IGF1 signaling pathway was enhanced in nutrient deprived PDAC cells and that Fra-2 and IGF1R were significantly overexpressed in miR-15a downmodulated PDAC ***,we discovered that miR-15a repressed IGF1R expression via Fra-2 *** miR-15a-low context,IGF1R hyperactivated mTOR,modulated the autophagic flux and sustained PDAC growth in nutrient *** a genetic mouse model,Mir15aKO PDAC showed Fra-2 and Igf1r upregulation and mTOR activation in response to diet ***,nutrient restriction improved the efficacy of IGF1R inhibition in a Fra-2 dependent ***,our results point to a crucial role of Fra-2 in the cellular stress response due to nutrient restriction typical of pancreatic cancer and support IGF1R as a promising and vulnerable target in miR-15a downmodulated PDAC.

关键词： IGF1R Fra miR

Jiao Shao: A forerunner of physiological psychology and comparative psychology in China

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Protein & Cell 2019年第9期10卷 623-627页

作者： Lijun Wang Yanyan Qian Yanjie Su School of Educational Science Anhui Normal UniversityWuhu 241000China Social and behavioral Sciences Facility Leiden UniversityPO Box 95552300 RB LeidenNetherlands School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Jiao Shao (邵郊,1923-2017)(Fig. 1), who was an expert in physiological psychology and comparative psychology in China, made important contributions to the development of physiological psychology and comparative psychology, scientific research and personnel training (The obituary of Jiao Shao, 2017). He was a member of the Second Discipline Review Group of the State Council (Pedagogy), the director of the third and fifth sessions of Chinese Psychological Society (CPS), the chairman of the Professional Committee on Physiological psychology of the CPS (1984-1988), an editorial advisory board member of the Encyclopedia of China Publishing House (First Edition), an editorial board member of Acta Psychologica Sinica (1979-1991), and he was honored as a fellow of the CPS (2007).

关键词： scientific research of the State Jiao Shao

Are dogs good at spotting movement?Velocity thresholds of motion detection in Canis familiaris

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Current Zoology 2020年第6期66卷 699-701页

作者： Miina Looke Orsolya Kanizsar Luca Battaglini Cecile Guerineau Paolo Mongillo Lieta Marinelli laboratory of Applied Ethology Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food ScienceUniversity of PaduaViale delPUniversita 16Legnaro(PD)30202Italy Department of General psychology University of PaduaVia Venezia 8Padua35131Italy

The ability to perceive motion is a fundamental property of the visual system,and one of its most basic aspects is the ability to discriminate moving objects from motionless ones,for example,motion *** thresholds represent the minimum rate of displacement over time unit that an animal is able to perceive as movement,any slower motion being not discriminable from a still *** such topic has grabbed the attention of scientists already at the beginning of the 20th century,the interest has waned in time,and velocity thresholds have thus far been assessed in only a handful of species.

关键词： Dogs methods of limits motion velocity threshold vision

comparative efficacy and optimal duration of first-line antibiotic regimens for acute otitis media in children and adolescents:a systematic review and network meta-analysis of 89 randomized clinicaltrials

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期20卷 219-229页

作者： Min Seo Kim Jae Han Kim Seohyun Ryu Seung Won Lee Dong Keon Yon Eunyoung Kim Ai Koyanagi Elena Dragioti Jae Il Shin Lee Smith Samsung Advanced Institute forHealth Sciences&Technology(SAIHST) Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Yonsei University Collegeof Medicine SeoulRepublicof Korea Department of Precision Medicine Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonRepublic of Korea Center for Digital Health Medical Science Research InstituteKyung Hee University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea Evidence-Based Research laboratory Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical CareCollege of PharmacyChung-Ang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu/CIBERSAM/ISCIII Universitat de BarcelonaFundacio Sant Joan de Déu.Sant Boi de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain ICREA Pg.Lluis Companys 23BarcelonaSpain Pain and Rehabilitation Centre and Department of Medical and Health SciencesLinkoping University58185 LinkopingSweden Department of Pediatrics Yonsei University College of MedicineYonsei-ro 50Seodaemun-gu8044Seoul 03722Republic of Korea Centre for Health Performanceand WellbeingAnglia Ruskin UniversityCambridge CB11PTUK Research laboratory psychology of Patients Families&Health ProfessionalsDepartment of NursingSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of IoanninaIoannina 45500Greece

Introduction Antibiotic use for acute otitis media(AOM)is one of the major sources of antimicrobial ***,the effective minimal antibiotic duration for AOM remains ***,guidelines often recommend broad ranges(5-10 days)of antibiotic use,yet the clinical impact of such a wide window has not been *** We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase,Scopus,Web of Science,and Cochrane Library from database inception to 6 October *** meta-analysis was conducted on randomized controlled trials that assessed antibiotic treatment for AOM in children(PROSPERO CRD42020196107).Results For amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate,7-day regimens were noninferior to 10-day regimens in clinical responses[amoxicillin:risk ratio(RR)0.919(95%CI 0.820-1.031),amoxicillin-clavulanate:RR 1.108(0.957-1.282)],except for≤2 *** the third-generation cephalosporins,7-day and 10-day regimens had similar clinical responses compared to placebo[7-day:RR 1.420(1.190-1.694),10-day:RR 1.238(1.125-1.362)compared to placebo].However,5-day regimens of amoxicillin-clavulanate and third-generation cephalosporins were inferior to 10-day *** to amoxicillin,a shorter treatment duration was tolerable with *** Our findings indicated that 1O days of antibiotic use may be unnecessarily long,while the treatment duration should be longer than 5 ***,5-day regimens would be sufficient for a modest treatment *** findings revealed that the current wide range of recommended antibiotic durations may have influenced the clinical outcome of AOM,and a narrower antibiotic duration window should be re-established.

关键词： Amoxicillin-potassium Amoxicillin Antibacterial agents Cephalosporins Duration of therapy

behavioral constraints and the evolution of faithful social learning

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Current Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 307-318页

作者： Alberto ACERBI Pierre O. JACQUET Claudio TENNIE Center for the Study of Cultural Evolution University of Stockholm 106 91 Stockholm Sweden Department of psychology University of Bologna Bologna Italy INSERM U1028 CNRS UMR5292 Lyon Neuroscience Research Center ImpAct Team Lyon France Department of Developmental and comparative psychology Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany

behavioral ＂traditions＂, i.e. behavioral patterns that are acquired with the aid of social learning and that are relatively stable in a group, have been observed in several species. Recently, however, it has been questioned whether non-human social learning is faithful enough to stabilize those patterns. The observed stability could be interpreted as a result of various constraints that limit the number of possible alternative behaviors, rather than of the fidelity of transmission mechanisms. Those constraints can be roughly described as ＂internal＂, such as mechanical （bodily） properties or cognitive limitations and predispositions, and ＂ex- ternal＂, such as ecological availability or pressures. Here we present an evolutionary individual-based model that explores the re- lationships between the evolution of faithful social learning and behavioral constraints, represented both by the size of the beha- vioral repertoire and by the ＂shape＂ of the search space of a given task. We show that the evolution of high-fidelity transmission mechanisms, when associated with costs （e.g. cognitive, biomechanical, energetic, etc.）, is only likely if the potential behavioral repertoire of a species is large and if the search space does not provide information that can be exploited by individual learning. Moreover we show how stable behavioral patterns （＂traditions＂） can be achieved at the population level as an outcome of both high-fidelity and low-fidelity transmission mechanisms, given that the latter are coupled with a small behavioral repertoire or with a search space that provide substantial feedback. Finally, by introducing the possibility of environmental change, we show that intermediate rates of change favor the evolution of faithful social learning

关键词： Animal social learning Cultural evolution Cultural transmission Copying fidelity Individual based modeling

Inference by exclusion in the red-tailed black cockatoo(Calyptorhynchus banksii)

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第2期14卷 193-203页

作者： Lorraine SUBIAS. Andrea S.GRIFFIN David GUEZ School of psychology James Cook UniversityCairnsAustralia School of psychology University of NewcastleCallaghanAustralia

Inference by exclusion is the ability to select a given option by excluding the *** designed appropriately,tests of this ability can reveal choices that cannot be explained by associative *** the past decade,exclusion reasoning has been explored in several non-human taxonomic groups,including birds,mainly in Corvids and *** increase our understanding of the taxonomic distribution of exclusion reasoning and,therefore,its evolution,we investigated exclusion performances in red-tailed black cockatoos(Calyptorhynchus banksii),an Australian relative of the Goffin cockatoo(Cacatua goffini),using a food-finding ***atoos were required to find a food item hidden in 1 of the 2 experimenter’s *** training sessions in which they reliably selected the closed baited hand they had just been shown open,each individual was tested on 4 different *** to demonstrating exclusion reasoning was the condition in which they were shown the empty hand and then offered a choice of both closed *** performance of all birds was above chance on all experimental conditions but not on an olfactory and/or cuing control *** results suggest that the birds might be able to infer by exclusion,although an explanation based on rule learning cannot be *** first experiment in red-tailed black cockatoo highlights the potential of this species as a model to study avian cognition and paves the pathway for future investigations.

关键词： cognition comparative cognition inferential reasoning parrot cognition Psittaciforms

Zing-Yang Kuo and behavior epigenesis based on animal experiments

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Protein & Cell 2020年第6期11卷 387-390页

作者： Yanyan Qian Wei Chen Benyu Guo School of psychology Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210097China Department of psychology Shaoxing UniversityShaoxing 312000China Department of psychology The Education University of Hong KongHongkongChina

Zing-Yang Kuo(1898-1970)(Fig.1),styled Taofu,was a world-renowned Chinese *** was one of the most extreme precursors of the behaviorism school and the most radical behaviorist in the history of behavioristic *** main ... 详细信息

关键词： behavior extreme renowned